Abstract
Doping is a well-known strategy to enhance the electrochemical energy storage performance of layered cathode materials. Many studies on various dopants have been reported; however, a general ...relationship between the dopants and their effect on the stability of the positive electrode upon prolonged cell cycling has yet to be established. Here, we explore the impact of the oxidation states of various dopants (i.e., Mg
2+
, Al
3+
, Ti
4+
, Ta
5+
, and Mo
6+
) on the electrochemical, morphological, and structural properties of a Ni-rich cathode material (i.e., LiNi
0.91
Co
0.09
O
2
). Galvanostatic cycling measurements in pouch-type Li-ion full cells show that cathodes featuring dopants with high oxidation states significantly outperform their undoped counterparts and the dopants with low oxidation states. In particular, Li-ion pouch cells with Ta
5+
- and Mo
6+
-doped LiNi
0.91
Co
0.09
O
2
cathodes retain about 81.5% of their initial specific capacity after 3000 cycles at 200 mA g
−1
. Furthermore, physicochemical measurements and analyses suggest substantial differences in the grain geometries and crystal lattice structures of the various cathode materials, which contribute to their widely different battery performances and correlate with the oxidation states of their dopants.
•This review covers the current progress of photocatalytic conversion of CO2 by inorganic photocatalysis.•A brief overview of some fundamental aspects for artificial photosynthesis has been ...given.•Several key factors for high-efficiency CO2 photoreduction are discussed.•The recent developments of photocatalytic reactors for artificial photosynthesis are highlighted.
Photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to either a renewable fuel or valuable chemicals, using solar energy has attracted more and more attention, due to the great potential to provide an alternative clean fuel and solve the problems related to the global warming. This review covers the current progress of photocatalytic conversion of CO2 by photocatalysis over the metal oxides. A brief overview of the fundamental aspects for artificial photosynthesis has been given and the development of novel photocatalysts for CO2 photoreduction has been discussed. Several key factors for high-efficiency CO2 photoreduction and the recent development of photocatalytic reactor design for this artificial photosynthesis have also been highlighted.
The Nb doping of LiNi0.855Co0.13Al0.015O2 (NCA85) modifies its primary particle morphology to allow precise tailoring of its microstructure. The Nb dopant (1 mol%) elongates the primary particles and ...aligns them in the radial direction, creating a configuration that effectively dissipates the abrupt internal strain caused by H2↔H3 phase transitions near the charge end. The negation of the internal strain substantially improves the long‐term cycling stability achieved by the Nb‐doped NCA85 cathode; it retains 90% of its initial capacity after 1000 cycles while an undoped cathode retains 57.3%. Moreover, the enhanced mechano‐chemical stability of the Nb‐doped NCA85 cathode enables fast charging; accordingly, the Nb‐doped NCA85 cathode cycles stably for 500 cycles even when charged at 3 C (full charge is achieved in 20 min). The Nb‐doped cathode also demonstrates enhanced chemical and structural stability during calendar aging and under thermal load. The simple strategy of introducing Nb ions during the lithiation of NCA85, proposed in this paper, represents an effective solution that guarantees sufficient battery life, fast charging, and safety without compromising battery capacity for next‐generation electric vehicles.
With unique particle integrity and accumulation of Nb at grain boundaries, an Nb‐doped LiNixCoyAl1–x–yO2 (NCA) cathode exceeds the electrochemical performance limit of the conventional cathode at long‐term cycling, fast charge, and safety in Li‐ion batteries and represents a promising path towards developing mechano‐chemically‐stable cathodes, which will be increasingly important as the deployment of electric vehicle accelerates based on Ni‐rich NCA cathodes.
The electrochemical conversion of small molecules, such as CO2, O2, and H2O, has received significant attention as a potential engine for sustainable life. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a ...promising class of electrocatalytic materials for such processes. An attractive aspect of utilizing this class of materials as electrocatalysts is that well‐known molecular active sites can be introduced to well‐defined crystalline heterogeneous catalytic systems with high tunability. This review offers strategic insights into recent studies on MOF‐based electrocatalysts by discussing the notable active sites that have been utilized in both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, while highlighting instances where such active sites have been introduced into MOFs. In addition, material design principles enabling the integration of electrochemically active components with the MOF platform are outlined. Viewpoints on the viability of MOFs as an alternative to currently used electrocatalysts are also discussed. Finally, the future direction of MOF‐based electrocatalysis research is established.
Considering the importance of electrochemical catalysis in energy conversion reactions, in this review, notable active sites of molecular and heterogeneous electrocatalysts are identified. The recent progress in metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based electrochemical catalysis, which primarily involves active site heterogenization through reticular chemistry, is also overviewed. Finally, the design strategies for the assembly of effective MOF‐based electrocatalysts are discussed.
Frozen shoulder (FS) is one of the most challenging shoulder disorders for patients and clinicians. Its symptoms mainly include any combination of stiffness, nocturnal pain, and limitation of active ...and passive glenohumeral joint movement. Conventional treatment options for FS are physical therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, injection therapy, and arthroscopic capsular release, but adverse and limited effects continue to present problems. As a result, pharmacoacupuncture (PA) is getting attention as an alternative therapy for patients with FS. PA is a new form of acupuncture treatment in traditional Korean medicine (TKM) that is mainly used for musculoskeletal diseases. It has similarity and specificity compared to corticosteroid injection and hydrodilatation, making it a potential alternative injection therapy for FS. However, no systematic reviews investigating the utilization of PA for FS have been published. Therefore, this review aims to standardize the clinical use of PA for FS and validate its therapeutic effect.
The protocol was registered in Prospero (CRD42023445708) on 18 July 2023. Until Aug. 31, 2023, seven electronic databases will be searched for randomized controlled trials of PA for FS. Authors will be contacted, and manual searches will also be performed. Two reviewers will independently screen and collect data from retrieved articles according to predefined criteria. The primary outcome will be pain intensity, and secondary outcomes will be effective rate, Constant-Murley Score, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, range of motion, quality of life, and adverse events. Bias and quality of the included trials will be assessed using the Cochrane handbook's risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. Meta analyses will be conducted using Review Manager V.5.3 software. GRADE will be used to evaluate the level of evidence for each outcome.
This systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted following PRISMA statement. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.
This review will provide scientific evidence to support health insurance policy as well as the standardization of PA in clinical practice.
Orbital torque in magnetic bilayers Lee, Dongjoon; Go, Dongwook; Park, Hyeon-Jong ...
Nature communications,
11/2021, Letnik:
12, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The orbital Hall effect describes the generation of the orbital current flowing in a perpendicular direction to an external electric field, analogous to the spin Hall effect. As the orbital current ...carries the angular momentum as the spin current does, injection of the orbital current into a ferromagnet can result in torque on the magnetization, which provides a way to detect the orbital Hall effect. With this motivation, we examine the current-induced spin-orbit torques in various ferromagnet/heavy metal bilayers by theory and experiment. Analysis of the magnetic torque reveals the presence of the contribution from the orbital Hall effect in the heavy metal, which competes with the contribution from the spin Hall effect. In particular, we find that the net torque in Ni/Ta bilayers is opposite in sign to the spin Hall theory prediction but instead consistent with the orbital Hall theory, which unambiguously confirms the orbital torque generated by the orbital Hall effect. Our finding opens a possibility of utilizing the orbital current for spintronic device applications, and it will invigorate researches on spin-orbit-coupled phenomena based on orbital engineering.
Abstract
Spin-orbit coupling effect in structures with broken inversion symmetry, known as the Rashba effect, facilitates spin-orbit torques (SOTs) in heavy metal/ferromagnet/oxide structures, along ...with the spin Hall effect. Electric-field control of the Rashba effect is established for semiconductor interfaces, but it is challenging in structures involving metals owing to the screening effect. Here, we report that the Rashba effect in Pt/Co/AlO
x
structures is laterally modulated by electric voltages, generating out-of-plane SOTs. This enables field-free switching of the perpendicular magnetization and electrical control of the switching polarity. Changing the gate oxide reverses the sign of out-of-plane SOT while maintaining the same sign of voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy, which confirms the Rashba effect at the Co/oxide interface is a key ingredient of the electric-field modulation. The electrical control of SOT switching polarity in a reversible and non-volatile manner can be utilized for programmable logic operations in spintronic logic-in-memory devices.
A
bstract
We present FlexibleEFTHiggs, a method for calculating the SM-like Higgs pole mass in SUSY (and even non-SUSY) models, which combines an effective field theory approach with a diagrammatic ...calculation. It thus achieves an all order resummation of leading logarithms together with the inclusion of all non-logarithmic 1-loop contributions. We implement this method into FlexibleSUSY and study its properties in the MSSM, NMSSM, E
6
SSM and MRSSM. In the MSSM, it correctly interpolates between the known results of effective field theory calculations in the literature for a high SUSY scale and fixed- order calculations in the full theory for a sub-TeV SUSY scale. We compare our MSSM results to those from public codes and identify the origin of the most significant deviations between the
D
R
¯
programs. We then perform a similar comparison in the remaining three non-minimal models. For all four models we estimate the theoretical uncertainty of Flex- ibleEFTHiggs and the fixed-order
D
R
¯
programs thereby finding that the former becomes more precise than the latter for a SUSY scale above a few TeV. Even for sub-TeV SUSY scales, FlexibleEFTHiggs maintains the uncertainty estimate around 2–3 GeV, remaining a competitive alternative to existing fixed-order computations.
This article proposes a simple, accurate, and computationally efficient method to apply the ordinary unscented Kalman filter (UKF) developed in Euclidean space to systems whose dynamics evolve on ...manifolds. We use the mathematical theory called stable embedding to make a variant of UKF that keeps state estimates in close proximity to the manifold while exhibiting excellent estimation performance. We confirm the performance of our devised filter by applying it to the satellite system model and comparing the performance with other UKFs devised specifically for systems on manifolds. Our devised filter has a low estimation error, keeps the state estimates in close proximity to the manifold as expected, and consumes a minor amount of computation time. Also our devised filter is simple and easy to use because our filter directly employs the off‐the‐shelf standard UKF devised in Euclidean space without any particular manifold‐structure‐preserving discretization method or coordinate transformation.
In this paper, a sintering process for nickel nanoparticles using flash light irradiation was investigated for multilayer ceramic capacitors, magnetic devices and printed electronics. The existence ...of a small amount of 10nm size nanoparticles in the ink significantly improved the flash light absorption and induced the melting and sintering of the nanoparticles. Due to this phenomenon, uniform diameter nickel nanoparticles (50nm) could not be sintered, while the nickel nanoparticles with varying diameters (5–500nm) were sintered by flash light irradiation.
In order to acquire high electrical conductivity in the sintered nickel nanoparticles, several flash light sintering parameters such as light energy and pulsed light patterns were optimized. Also, the nickel nano-ink was optimized by changing the weight fractions of organic binder in the ink.
•Nickel nanoparticle was sintered by flash light irradiation technique.•The existence of 10nm size nanoparticles improved the flash light absorption.•The melting temperature of the 10nm size nanoparticles is significantly decreased.•The only nickel nanoparticles with varying diameters (5–500nm) were sintered.•Several sintering parameters were optimized for conductivity of nickel nanoparticle.
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