자생 희귀콩의 한 종류인 납떼기콩(Glycine max landrace)의 활성 성분을 확인하고 이의 친환경적인 추출 방법으로 초음파 추출 방법을 도입하였다. 납떼기콩 추출물에 대한 성분 분석을 통해 기존 일반콩에서는 발견되지 않은 에피카테킨 성분을 확인하였다. 초음파를 활용한 효과적인 추출을 위해 통계학적 분석 방법인 반응 표면 분석법을 이용하여 주요 ...추출 조건을 최적화를 수행하였다. Box-Behnken design 프로세스를 통해 추출온도, 추출용매/용질의 비율, 추출 시간을 핵심 독립 변수로 하는 15가지 실험이 수행되었다. 두 가지 종속 변수인 에피카테킨 함량과 총 이소플라본 함량에 대한 2차 회귀식과 이의 결정 계수는 각각 R 2 = 0.9939 와 R 2 = 0.9844로 높게 확인되어 상호 관계가 높은 유의성을 보이는 것으로 확인되었다. 이 두 가지 종속 변수의 최대 기대치를 만족하는 추출 조건은 추출온도 40.4 ℃, 추출용매/용질의 비율 19.3 times 및 추출 시간 91 sec 로 예측되었다. 이에 대한 에피카테킨 함량과 총 이소플라본 함량의 기댓값과 실제 실험값이 유사한 결과로 확인되어 높은 신뢰성이 있는 최적화 모델임을 확인하였다.
The active ingredients of Napttegi Kong(GML, Glycine max landrace), a type of native rare soybeans, were identified, and an ultrasonic extraction method was introduced as an eco-friendly extraction method. Through the component analysis of the Napttegi Kong extract, the epicatechin, which was not found in conventional soybeans, was identified. For effective extraction using ultrasonic, the main extraction conditions were optimized using the response surface analysis method. Through the Box-Behnken design process, 15 experiments were conducted with the extraction temperature, the ratio of extraction solvent/solution, and extraction time as key independent variables. A quadratic regression equation for the two dependent variables, epicatechin content and total isoflavone content, was derived, and the coefficients of determination were found to be high as R 2 = 0.9939 and R 2 = 0.9844, respectively, confirming that the correlation showed high significance. The extraction conditions satisfying the maximum expectations of these two dependent variables were predicted. to be 40.4℃ of extraction temperature, 19.3 times of extraction solvent/solution, and 91 sec of extraction time. The expected value and the actual experimental value of the epikatechin content and the total isoflavone content were similar, so it was confirmed that this experimental method is a highly reliable optimization model.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cancer cells depended on cytosolic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) transported into mitochondria via the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS) for ATP production. KN612 ...(N-phenylmaleimide), a MAS inhibitor, is known to interfere with cancer growth by reducing ATP production, supported by several studies except on glioblastoma (GBM). Therefore, this study was designed to elucidate whether MAS could be an aimable target in GBM. METHODS: We compared expression levels of MAS conforming enzymes between normal and GBM samples. Gene expression profiles were analyzed using RNA-sequencing. Mitochondrial activity was measured by oxygen consumption (OCR), tetramethylrhodamine-ethylester (TMRE) staining, and liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). Also, biological functions were measured by cell viability, ATP levels, NADH levels, stemness, and invasiveness. In vivo efficacies were confirmed using a mouse orthotopic xenograft model. RESULTS: An analysis of the microarray database revealed that expression levels of several MAS enzymes including OGC (SLC25A11) were elevated in GBM. Through RNA sequencing, it was confirmed that KN612 accurately targeted SLC25A11 and decreased its expression. KN612-treated cells showed decreased viability, ATP production, and NADH levels compared with control cells. Under the same conditions, a significant decrease in stemness, invasion, and MMP was confirmed. In addition, KN612 confirmed remarkable therapeutic responses in a mouse orthotopic xenograft model. CONCLUSION: Our results show that KN612 effectively inhibits cancer cells both at the cellular level and at the in vivo level. This shows that targeting MAS could be a potential treatment option in addition to the currently limited standard GBM therapy.
In this paper, we propose a novel estimation method of the parameters of motion blur, which is caused by the camera or object motion during the image and video capture. In the proposed method, the ...motion blur is characterized by the blur orientation and length in cepstrum domain. To a better estimation of orientation and length of the motion blur in the cepstrum domain, we use the difference of Gaussian as the input of the cepstrum transform, without additional transform such as Hough or Radon transform. We propose a simple and effective method, which separates blur components from image components. Simulations with various sets of simulated and real motion blurred images show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of the quality. The proposed algorithm is computationally efficient and easy to use.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal tumor, but few biomarkers and molecular subtypes predicting prognosis are available. This study was aimed to identify prognostic subtypes and multi-omics signatures for ...GBM. Using oncopression and TCGA-GBM datasets, we identified 80 genes most associated with GBM prognosis using correlations between gene expression levels and overall survival of patients. The prognostic score of each sample was calculated using these genes, followed by assigning three prognostic subtypes. This classification was validated in two independent datasets (REMBRANDT and Severance). Functional annotation revealed that invasion- and cell cycle-related gene sets were enriched in poor and favorable group, respectively. The three GBM subtypes were therefore named invasive (poor), mitotic (favorable), and intermediate. Interestingly, invasive subtype showed increased invasiveness, and MGMT methylation was enriched in mitotic subtype, indicating need for different therapeutic strategies according to prognostic subtypes. For clinical convenience, we also identified genes that best distinguished the invasive and mitotic subtypes. Immunohistochemical staining showed that markedly higher expression of PDPN in invasive subtype and of TMEM100 in mitotic subtype (P < 0.001). We expect that this transcriptome-based classification, with multi-omics signatures and biomarkers, can improve molecular understanding of GBM, ultimately leading to precise stratification of patients for therapeutic interventions.
Interest in aquaponics (AP) is increasing due to its ability to minimize sewage and maximize feed efficiency in fish farming. However, owing to limitations of intensive cultures and a lack of ...nutrients such as NOsub.3 for growing crops, AP requires the use of artificial nutrients. Therefore, novel approaches are required to develop AP-intensive culturing methods. An AP system based on biofloc technology (BFT) called FLOCponics (FP) has been recommended. Here, the productivity of the weather loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus ) in the FP system, BFT system, and flow-through systems (FTSs), as well as these systems’ effect on Caipira lettuce (Lactuca sativa ) growth, was analyzed. To compare crop productivity, a hydroponic (HP) bed was installed. The growth rate of M. anguillicaudatus showed significant differences, at 51.1 ± 3.69% in the FP system, followed by 24.0 ± 4.16% in the BFT system and −14.3 ± 1.4% in the FTS. Its survival rates were better in the FP system (91.1 ± 2.64%) than in the BFT system (82.1 ± 10.98%) or the FTS (66.8 ± 2.75%) (p < 0.05). Total ammonia nitrogen and NOsub.2 sup.− -N concentrations were stabilized in every plot during the experimental period. However, the NOsub.3 sup.− -N concentration continuously increased in the BFT system but decreased in the FP system and was maintained. The shoot weight of the Caipira lettuce was 163.6 ± 8.65 g in the FP system and 149.6 ± 9.05 g in the HP system. In conclusion, FP system can provide a large amount of nutrients and improve the growth performance of both fish and crops in the FP system.
Systemic identification of deterministic genes for different phenotypes is a primary application of high-throughput expression profiles. However, gene expression differences cannot be used when the ...differences between groups are not significant. Therefore, novel methods incorporating features other than expression differences are required. We developed a promising method using transcriptional response as an operational feature, which is quantified as the correlation between expression levels of pathway genes and target genes of the pathway. We applied this method to identify causative genes associated with chemo-sensitivity to tamoxifen and epirubicin. Genes whose transcriptional response was dysregulated only in the drug-resistant patient group were chosen for in vitro validation in human breast cancer cells. Finally, we discovered two genes responsible for tamoxifen sensitivity and three genes associated with epirubicin sensitivity. The method we propose here can be widely applied to identify deterministic genes for different phenotypes with only minor differences in gene expression levels.
Wild chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicum) is one of well-known medicinal plants traditionally used in Korea and China. As a variant of wild chrysanthemum, white wild chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum ...indicum var. albescens) is also ethnopharmacologically applied to treat various symptoms such as inflammatory diseases.
Although the anti-inflammatory activity of Chrysanthemum indicum has been reported, the anti-inflammatory activity and underlying molecular mechanism of white wild chrysanthemum are poorly understood.
The effects of Chrysanthemum indicum var. albescens methanol extract (Civ-ME) on the production of inflammatory mediators, expression of pro-inflammatory genes, cell viability, and the activities of intracellular signaling molecules and transcription factors were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.
Civ-ME suppressed the production of both nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) without cytotoxicity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Civ-ME was found to reduce the mRNA levels of inflammatory genes such as inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and reduced NF-κB-mediated transcriptional activation. Civ-ME inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65 and p50), and its upstream signaling composed of IκBα and IKKα/β. An NF-κB luciferase reporter gene assay and an in vitro kinase assay confirmed that AKT1 and AKT2 might be direct pharmacological targets of Civ-ME. In addition, luteolin was identified by HPLC analysis as the main active pharmacological components of Civ-ME.
Civ-ME exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by targeting AKT1 and AKT2 in the NF-κB signaling pathway in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses.
Display omitted
Purpose
Limited treatment options are currently available for glioblastoma (GBM), an extremely lethal type of brain cancer. For a variety of tumor types, bioenergetic deprivation through inhibition ...of cancer-specific metabolic pathways has proven to be an effective therapeutic strategy. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of dual inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) critical for fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), respectively, against GBM tumorspheres (TSs).
Methods
Therapeutic efficacy against GBM TSs was determined by assessing cell viability, neurosphere formation, and 3D invasion. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and RNA sequencing were employed for metabolite and gene expression profiling, respectively. Anticancer efficacy in vivo was examined using an orthotopic xenograft model.
Results
CPT1A
and
G6PD
were highly expressed in GBM tumor tissues. Notably, siRNA-mediated knockdown of both genes led to reduced viability, ATP levels, and expression of genes associated with stemness and invasiveness. Similar results were obtained upon combined treatment with etomoxir and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Transcriptome analyses further confirmed these results. Data from LC–MS analysis showed that this treatment regimen induced a considerable reduction in the levels of metabolites associated with the TCA cycle and PPP. Additionally, the combination of etomoxir and DHEA inhibited tumor growth and extended survival in orthotopic xenograft model mice.
Conclusion
Our collective findings support the utility of dual suppression of CPT1A and G6PD with selective inhibitors, etomoxir and DHEA, as an efficacious therapeutic approach for GBM.
PDF
