Side effects occurring after COVID-19 vaccination can include vertigo and dizziness. Despite its high incidence, few studies to date have assessed dizziness/vertigo after vaccination. The present ...study investigated the incidence of dizziness/vertigo after COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea.
Adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccination reported to the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency from February 26, 2021, to July 31, 2022 (week 74) were analyzed. The incidence rates of dizziness/vertigo in subjects vaccinated with 5 COVID-19 vaccines, AZD1222 (AstraZeneca), BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), JNJ-78436735 (Janssen), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), and NVX-CoV2373 (Novavax), were determined.
A total of 126 725 952 doses of COVID-19 vaccine were administered, with 473 755 suspected adverse reactions (374 per 100 000 vaccinations) reported. Vertigo/dizziness was reported after the administration of 68 759 doses, or 54.3 per 100 000 vaccinations, making it the third most common adverse reaction after headache and muscle pain.
Dizziness/vertigo was generally a mild adverse reaction after COVID-19 vaccination, but it was the third most common adverse reaction in Korea. Studies are necessary to clarify the causal relationship between vaccination and dizziness/vertigo and to prepare subjects for this possible adverse reaction.
Background Severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) is associated with poor prognoses. However, early detection of AS is difficult because of the long asymptomatic period experienced by many ...patients, during which screening tools are ineffective. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a deep learning-based algorithm, combining a multilayer perceptron and convolutional neural network, for detecting significant AS using ECGs. Methods and Results This retrospective cohort study included adult patients who had undergone both ECG and echocardiography. A deep learning-based algorithm was developed using 39 371 ECGs. Internal validation of the algorithm was performed with 6453 ECGs from one hospital, and external validation was performed with 10 865 ECGs from another hospital. The end point was significant AS (beyond moderate). We used demographic information, features, and 500-Hz, 12-lead ECG raw data as predictive variables. In addition, we identified which region had the most significant effect on the decision-making of the algorithm using a sensitivity map. During internal and external validation, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the deep learning-based algorithm using 12-lead ECG for detecting significant AS were 0.884 (95% CI, 0.880-0.887) and 0.861 (95% CI, 0.858-0.863), respectively; those using a single-lead ECG signal were 0.845 (95% CI, 0.841-0.848) and 0.821 (95% CI, 0.816-0.825), respectively. The sensitivity map showed the algorithm focused on the T wave of the precordial lead to determine the presence of significant AS. Conclusions The deep learning-based algorithm demonstrated high accuracy for significant AS detection using both 12-lead and single-lead ECGs.
Background
Few studies have evaluated the association between being underweight and having cardiovascular disease in the general population. We investigated the incidence of stroke, myocardial ...infarction (MI), and all‐cause mortality according to detailed underweight categories in a large population cohort.
Methods
We included 4 164 364 individuals who underwent a health examination that was conducted as part of the Korean National Health Insurance Service between January 2009 and December 2012 and followed them up to determine the incidence of stroke, MI, and all‐cause mortality until 31 December 2016. Based on the body mass index, the study population was categorized into normal (18.50–22.99), mild (17.00–18.49), moderate (16.00–16.99), and severe underweight (<16.00) groups. Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed to calculate the hazard ratio for stroke, MI, and mortality according to the severity of underweight in reference to the normal weight. We adjusted for age, sex, lifestyle, economic status, co‐morbidity, blood pressure, glucose, lipid level, and waist circumference.
Results
The mean age of the 4 164 364 eligible subjects in this study cohort was 44.4 ± 14.3 years, and 46.1% of the participants were male; 46 728 strokes, 30 074 MIs, and 121 080 deaths occurred during 27 449 902 person‐years. The incidence of stroke, MI, and all‐cause mortality increased proportionally with the severity of underweight in the multivariate model. This proportional association became more evident when the waist circumference was additionally adjusted. The respective hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for mild, moderate, and severe underweight were 1.10 (1.06–1.15), 1.11 (1.02–1.20), and 1.38 (1.24–1.53) for stroke; 1.19 (1.14–1.25), 1.40 (1.27–1.53), and 1.86 (1.64–2.11) for MI; and 1.63 (1.60–1.67), 2.10 (2.02–2.17), and 2.98 (2.85–3.11) for all‐cause mortality. In stratified analyses based on waist circumference, the severity of underweight was consistently associated with a higher risk of stroke, MI, and death.
Conclusions
The severity of underweight was associated with a higher risk of stroke, MI, and all‐cause mortality.
Background & Aims Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) mediate tissue repair and might be used to prevent or reduce liver fibrosis. However, little is known about the anti-fibrotic factors secreted from ...MSCs or their mechanisms. Methods Umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UCMSCs) were differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells (hpUCMSCs), medium was collected, and secretome proteins were identified and quantified using nanochip-liquid chromatography/quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Liver fibrosis was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of thioacetamide or CCl4 ; some mice were then given injections of secretomes or proteins. Liver tissues were collected and analyzed by histology or polymerase chain reaction array to analyze changes in gene expression patterns. We analyzed the effects of MSC secretomes and potential anti-fibrotic proteins on transforming growth factor β 1 (TGFβ1)-mediated activation of human hepatic stellate cell (HSC) lines (hTert-HSC and LX2) and human primary HSCs. Liver tissues were collected from 16 patients with liver cirrhosis and 16 individuals without cirrhosis (controls) in Korea and analyzed by immunohistochemistry and immunoblots. Results In mice with fibrosis, accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins was significantly reduced 3 days after injecting secretomes from UCMSCs, and to a greater extent from hpUCMSCs; numbers of activated HSCs that expressed the myogenic marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, encoded by ACTA2 actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle) were also reduced. Secretomes from UCMSCs, and to a greater extent from hpUCMSCs, reduced liver expression of multiple fibrotic factors, collagens, metalloproteinases, TGFβ, and Smad proteins in the TGFβ signaling pathways. In HSC cell lines and primary HSCs, TGFβ1-stimulated upregulation of α-SMA was significantly inhibited (and SMAD2 phosphorylation reduced) by secretomes from UCMSCs, and to a greater extent from hpUCMSCs. We identified 32 proteins in secretomes of UCMSCs that were more highly concentrated in secretomes from hpUCMSCs and inhibited TGFβ-mediated activation of HSCs. One of these, milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFGE8), was a strong inhibitor of activation of human primary HSCs. We found MFGE8 to down-regulate expression of TGFβ type I receptor by binding to αv β3 integrin on HSCs and to be secreted by MSCs from umbilical cord, teeth, and bone marrow. In mice, injection of recombinant human MFGE8 had anti-fibrotic effects comparable to those of the hpUCMSC secretome, reducing extracellular matrix deposition and HSC activation. Co-injection of an antibody against MFGE8 reduced the anti-fibrotic effects of the hpUCMSC secretome in mice. Levels of MFGE8 were reduced in cirrhotic liver tissue from patients compared with controls. Conclusions MFGE8 is an anti-fibrotic protein in MSC secretomes that strongly inhibits TGFβ signaling and reduces extracellular matrix deposition and liver fibrosis in mice.
Disodium terephthalate and its various derivatives are synthesized via simple acid‐base chemistry for anode materials in Na ion batteries. They show excellent electrochemical performance, including ...little capacity fading over 90 cycles, ideal redox potential, and excellent rate performance, making them promising candidates for Na ion batteries.
The role of neuroinflammation on the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease Chung, Y.C., Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Ko, H.W., Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Bok, E.G., Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea ...
BMB reports
43, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Although the causative factors of PD remain ...elusive, many studies on PD animal models or humans suggest that glial activation along with neuroinflammatory processes contribute to the initiation or progression of PD. Additionally, several groups have proposed that dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) combined with infiltration of peripheral immune cells play important roles in the degeneration of DA neurons. However, these neuroinflammatory events have only been investigated separately, and the issue of whether these phenomena are neuroprotective or neurotoxic remains controversial. We here review the current knowledge regarding the functions of these neuroinflammatory processes in the brain. Finally, we describe therapeutic strategies for the regulation of neuroinflammation with the goal of improving the symptoms of PD.
ABSTRACT
A Rickettsia sp. was isolated from the blood of a patient with an acute febrile illness using the shell vial technique; the isolate was named CN45Kr and was identified by molecular assay as ...Rickettsia monacensis, which was first recognized as a pathogen in Spain. Sequencing analysis showed that the gltA sequence of the isolate was identical to that of Rickettsia sp. IRS3. The ompA‐5mp fragment sequence showed 100% identity to those of R. monacensis and Rickettsia sp. In56 and ompA‐3pA In56 and 100% identity to that of Rickettsia sp. IRS3. The ompB sequence was found to have 99.9% similarity to that of R. monacensis IrR/Munich. This study confirms the pathogenicity of this agent and provides additional information about its geographic distribution.
Among various nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have attracted extensive attention for developing efficient drug‐delivery systems, mostly due to their high porosity and ...biocompatibility. However, due to the small pore size, generally below 5 nm in diameter, potential drugs that are loaded into the pore have been limited to small molecules. Herein, a small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery strategy based on MSNs possessing pores with an average diameter of 23 nm is presented. The siRNA is regarded as a powerful gene therapeutic agent for treatment of a wide range of diseases by enabling post‐transcriptional gene silencing, so‐called RNA interference. Highly efficient, sequence‐specific, and technically very simple target gene knockdown is demonstrated using MSNs with ultralarge pores of size 23 nm in vitro and in vivo without notable cytotoxicity.
A strategy for efficient small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery is developed using mesoporous silica nanoparticles with pores of diameter 23 nm (MSN23). The siRNA delivery vehicle is designed to load siRNAs inside the pores for high loading capacity and thus effective protection from nucleases, to accomplish highly efficient siRNA‐mediated target gene knockdown.
This study aimed to develop and validate deep-learning-based artificial intelligence algorithm for predicting mortality of AHF (DAHF).
12,654 dataset from 2165 patients with AHF in two hospitals were ...used as train data for DAHF development, and 4759 dataset from 4759 patients with AHF in 10 hospitals enrolled to the Korean AHF registry were used as performance test data. The endpoints were in-hospital, 12-month, and 36-month mortality. We compared the DAHF performance with the Get with the Guidelines-Heart Failure (GWTG-HF) score, Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure (MAGGIC) score, and other machine-learning models by using the test data. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the DAHF were 0.880 (95% confidence interval, 0.876-0.884) for predicting in-hospital mortality; these results significantly outperformed those of the GWTG-HF (0.728 0.720-0.737) and other machine-learning models. For predicting 12- and 36-month endpoints, DAHF (0.782 and 0.813) significantly outperformed MAGGIC score (0.718 and 0.729). During the 36-month follow-up, the high-risk group, defined by the DAHF, had a significantly higher mortality rate than the low-risk group(p<0.001).
DAHF predicted the in-hospital and long-term mortality of patients with AHF more accurately than the existing risk scores and other machine-learning models.
This study presents a preliminary report on the chest radiographic and computed tomography (CT) findings of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia in Korea.
As part of a ...multi-institutional collaboration coordinated by the Korean Society of Thoracic Radiology, we collected nine patients with COVID-19 infections who had undergone chest radiography and CT scans. We analyzed the radiographic and CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia at baseline. Fisher's exact test was used to compare CT findings depending on the shape of pulmonary lesions.
Three of the nine patients (33.3%) had parenchymal abnormalities detected by chest radiography, and most of the abnormalities were peripheral consolidations. Chest CT images showed bilateral involvement in eight of the nine patients, and a unilobar reversed halo sign in the other patient. In total, 77 pulmonary lesions were found, including patchy lesions (39%), large confluent lesions (13%), and small nodular lesions (48%). The peripheral and posterior lung fields were involved in 78% and 67% of the lesions, respectively. The lesions were typically ill-defined and were composed of mixed ground-glass opacities and consolidation or pure ground-glass opacities. Patchy to confluent lesions were primarily distributed in the lower lobes (
= 0.040) and along the pleura (
< 0.001), whereas nodular lesions were primarily distributed along the bronchovascular bundles (
= 0.006).
COVID-19 pneumonia in Korea primarily manifested as pure to mixed ground-glass opacities with a patchy to confluent or nodular shape in the bilateral peripheral posterior lungs. A considerable proportion of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia had normal chest radiographs.
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