There has been plenty of observational evidence displaying that L2 English learners whose L1 do not have article systems undergo persistent difficulties. It is known that functional categories of ...grammar are especially difficult for L2 learners, and the Korean language does not have a functional equivalent to English articles. The current study aims to investigate article usage patterns by L1 Korean L2 English learners by employing a large English interlanguage corpus data; ICNALE written corpus data. Particularly, the current study focuses on the analysis of a specific NP, "part-time jobs". The current research claims that by narrowing down the scope of analysis to a particular NP, one can expect more reliable and meaningful interpretation from L2 learners' authentic language production, which can ultimately lead to more effective language instruction and better outcomes for second language learners. The current study seeks to describe patterns of L2 English articles across different proficiency levels. According to the results, it was found that learners' article usage patterns appeared to be more similar to that of the native speaker in the group with higher English proficiency. One of the interesting findings was the frequent use of bare nominals even in the most advanced learners. Based on the corpus analysis, the current study provides the pedagogical implication that teaching structural differences between learners' L1 and L2 is very important and article instruction should be emphasized in L2 classrooms in EFL settings.
This study aimed to investigate structural relationships between TPACK, teacher self-efficacy, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness for preservice teachers who intend to use technology, ...based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). A total of 296 responses from the College of Education from three Korean universities were analyzed by employing the structural equation modeling methods. The results indicated that preservice teachers' TPACK significantly affected teacher self-efficacy and perceived ease of using technology. The teachers' TPACK also positively influenced their perceived ease of using technology and perceived usefulness of technology in the classroom. Finally, teacher self-efficacy, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness of using technology affected teachers' intention to use technology. However, TPACK did not directly affect their intention to use technology. Based on the findings, we discuss implications and suggest future research directions for preservice teachers' intention to use technology.
We present a microfluidic technique for measuring the deformability of single cells using the pressure required to deform such cells through micrometre-scale tapered constrictions. Our technique is ...equivalent to whole-cell micropipette aspiration, but involves considerably simpler operation, less specialized equipment, and less technical skill. Single cells are infused into a microfluidic channel, and then deformed through a series of funnel-shaped constrictions. The constriction openings are sized to create a temporary seal with each cell as it passes through the constriction, replicating the interaction with the orifice of a micropipette. Precisely controlled deformation pressures are generated using an external source and then attenuated 100 : 1 using an on-chip microfluidic circuit. Our apparatus is capable of generating precisely controlled pressures as small as 0.3 Pa in a closed microchannel network, which is impervious to evaporative losses that normally limit the precision of such equipment. Intrinsic cell deformability, expressed as cortical tension, is determined from the threshold deformation pressure using the liquid-drop model. We measured the deformability of several types of nucleated cells and determined the optimal range of constriction openings. The cortical tension of passive human neutrophils was measured to be 37.0 ± 4.8 pN μm(-1), which is consistent with previous micropipette aspiration studies. The cortical tensions of human lymphocytes, RT4 human bladder cancer cells, and L1210 mouse lymphoma cells were measured to be 74.7 ± 9.8, 185.4 ± 25.3, and 235.4 ± 31.0 pN μm(-1) respectively. The precision and usability of our technique demonstrates its potential as a biomechanical assay for wide-spread use in biological and clinical laboratories.
Rupture properties, such as rupture direction, length, propagation speed and source duration, provide important insights into earthquake mechanisms. One approach to estimate these properties is to ...investigate the body-wave duration that depends upon the relative location of the station with respect to the rupture direction. Under the assumption that the propagation is unilateral, the duration can be expressed as a function of the dip and azimuth of the rupture. Examination of duration measurements with respect to both the take-off angle and the azimuth is crucial to obtain robust estimates of rupture parameters, especially for nearly vertical rupture propagation. Moreover, limited data coverage, such as using only teleseismic data, can bias the source duration estimate for dipping ruptures, and this bias can map into estimates of other source properties such as rupture extent and rupture speed. Based upon this framework, we introduce an inversion scheme that uses the duration measurements to obtain four parameters: the source duration, a measure of the rupture extent and speed, and dip and azimuth of the rupture propagation. The method is applied to two deep-focus events in the Sea of Okhotsk region, an M
w 7.7 event that occurred on 2012 August 14 and an M
w 8.3 event from 2013 May 24. The source durations are 26 ± 1 and 37 ± 1 s, and rupture speeds are 49 ± 4 per cent and 26 ± 3 per cent of shear wave speed for the M
w 7.7 and 8.3 events, respectively. The azimuths of the two ruptures are parallel to the trench, but are in opposite directions. The dips of the M
w 7.7 and 8.3 events are constrained to be 48° ± 8° downdip and 19° ± 8° updip, respectively. The fit to the data is significantly poorer for the M
w 8.3 event than the M
w 7.7 event, suggesting that the unilateral rupture may not be a good assumption. The analysis is expanded into a multi-episode model, and a secondary episode is determined for the M
w 8.3 event in the southeast direction. The two-episode model gives a better fit to the data than the unilateral model and is compatible with the back-projection analysis, demonstrating that the rupture propagation of the M
w 8.3 event is complex.
Recent research on occupational injuries in companies has faced difficulties in obtaining representative data, leading to studies relying on surveys or case studies. Moreover, it is difficult to find ...studies on how a company's industry characteristics affect occupational injuries. This study aims to address these limitations.
We collected 11 years of disclosure data from 1,247 listed companies in the Korean stock market and combined it with their occupational injury histories collected by the Republic of Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) to build a dataset. We attempted to analyze a linear panel model by dividing the dataset into manufacturing, construction, and other industries.
The higher proportion of full-time employees and better job skills correlate with lower occupational injuries in other industries. The wage increase reduces occupational injuries in manufacturing and other industries, but the substitution effect produces the opposite outcome in construction. Also, foreign ownership and credit ratings increase effectively reduce occupational injuries mainly in the manufacturing industry.
Our results suggest that in explaining the relationship between corporate characteristics and occupational injuries, it is necessary to consider the nature of the industry more closely, and in particular, employment and labor policies for preventing occupational injuries need to be selectively applied according to industry. In addition, to improve the limitations and increase the usability of the research results, further detailed studies are needed in the future.
We hypothesized that the growing demand of Korean workers for work–life balance would change the factors influencing job satisfaction. We sought to verify our hypothesis by conducting a conjoint ...analysis based on the Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS).
We analyzed the raw data of the KWCS, conducted by the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute from 2006 to 2017. To complete the analysis, we counted on a conjoint model of analysis, typically used in the analysis of customer satisfaction. The dependent variable was the satisfaction of workers with their working conditions, and the independent variables were the job quality indicators identified by Eurofound.
The factors that have the greatest impact on working conditions satisfaction are summarized as follows: “physical environment” for the first wave, “adverse social behavior” for the second wave, “occupational status” for the third and fourth waves, and “management quality” for the fifth wave. “Earnings” were not a major factor in determining employee job satisfaction, and the relative importance index is decreasing.
According to the results of the analysis of the tendencies of Korean workers, the factors that affect the satisfaction with the working conditions have changed over time. It is crucial to identify factors that affect working conditions to assure the health and productivity of workers. The results of this study demonstrate that policymakers and employers are required to attentively consider human relations and social environment at work to improve working conditions in the future.
The Problem
As most employees have been forced to work from home during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is considerable concern about how to preserve employee health and well-being by supporting their ...work in this unpredictable situation. In this sense, research highlighting how to support remote e-workers in the COVID-19 pandemic era is urgently needed to inform scholars and practitioners about effective strategies and interventions to support remote e-workers.
The Solution
By reviewing conceptual and empirical studies, we discuss the challenges of remote e-workers from the perspective of psychological well-being. We also summarize the factors that support psychological well-being. Based on the findings, we suggest how human resource development (HRD) professionals can support remote e-workers’ psychological well-being and career development in the COVID-19 pandemic era.
The Stakeholders
This article has relevance for scholars, scholar-practitioners, and practitioners who are interested in seeking ways to support remote e-workers from an HRD perspective across countries, disciplines, and contexts in the COVID-19 pandemic era.
Background: Recent research on occupational injuries in companies has faced difficulties in obtaining representative data, leading to studies relying on surveys or case studies. Moreover, it is ...difficult to find studies on how a company's industry characteristics affect occupational injuries. This study aims to address these limitations. Methods: We collected 11 years of disclosure data from 1,247 listed companies in the Korean stock market and combined it with their occupational injury histories collected by the Republic of Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) to build a dataset. We attempted to analyze a linear panel model by dividing the dataset into manufacturing, construction, and other industries. Results: The higher proportion of full-time employees and better job skills correlate with lower occupational injuries in other industries. The wage increase reduces occupational injuries in manufacturing and other industries, but the substitution effect produces the opposite outcome in construction. Also, foreign ownership and credit ratings increase effectively reduce occupational injuries mainly in the manufacturing industry. Conclusion: Our results suggest that in explaining the relationship between corporate characteristics and occupational injuries, it is necessary to consider the nature of the industry more closely, and in particular, employment and labor policies for preventing occupational injuries need to be selectively applied according to industry. In addition, to improve the limitations and increase the usability of the research results, further detailed studies are needed in the future.
This study examines the impact of a consecutive double-digit hike in Korea's minimum wage from 2018 to 2019 after the impeachment of President Park Geun-hye as an exogenous shock on the employment of ...multinational enterprises (MNEs). Notably, this topic has received limited attention in extant literature. Using a firm-level dataset covering the period 2006-2020, we find that MNEs respond to increases in the minimum wage by reducing their total employment size, including both regular and temporary workers. Furthermore, the effects are heterogeneous and depend on the participation of international trade and strategic partnerships. Our findings indicate that the minimum wage policy can even lead to a decrease in high-quality jobs within high-productivity companies, underscoring the need to adjust the pace of such increases to mitigate their side effects on the labor market.
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