Alejandro de la Sota es un maestro fundamental de la arquitectura española del siglo XX. Su trayectoria profesional es el resultado de una incansable búsqueda personal, si bien en ella se revela como ...decisiva la transferencia de conocimientos de otros ámbitos tecnológicos más avanzados, fruto de sus experiencias en el sector aeronáutico. A partir de ellas, desarrolla una profunda admiración por la tecnología, la ingeniería y sus métodos para resolver problemas, basados en la búsqueda de soluciones universales desde el trabajo anónimo en equipo. Pese a la trascendencia del tema, las incursiones de De la Sota en el mundo de la aeronáutica apenas han sido objeto de investigación. Por ello, el objetivo del presente artículo es analizar la profunda influencia que estas ejercieron en su manera de entender la arquitectura y de abordar la resolución de sus proyectos. Para ello, en primer lugar, se han estudiado los vínculos del arquitecto con el sector aeronáutico. En segundo lugar, se han analizado cronológicamente sus trabajos realizados en este ámbito. Para concluir, se ha extraído su posible influencia en la evolución de su trayectoria.
Data from previous heart failure (HF) trials suggest that patients with mild symptoms (NYHA II) actually have a poor clinical outcome. However, these studies did not assess clinical stability and ...rarely included patients in NYHA I. We sought to determine the incidence of short-term clinical progression in supposedly stable HF patients in NYHA I. In addition, we aimed to investigate the predictive value of widely available electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters for short-term disease progression. This is a retrospective study including 153 consecutive patients with HF with reduced and mid-range ejection fraction (HFrEF: LVEF<40%; HFmrEF: LVEF 40-49%) in NYHA I with no history of decompensation within the previous 6 months. All patients underwent comprehensive baseline echocardiographic and electrocardiographic assessment. The primary endpoint was the composite of cardiovascular death, hospitalization and need for intensification of HF treatment within a 12 month follow-up period. The cumulative incidence of HF progression was 17.8%, with a median time to event of 193 days. Death and hospitalization due to HF accounted for three-quarters of the events. QRS duration ≥120ms and mitral regurgitation grade >1 showed to be significant predictors of HF progression (HR: 8.92, p<0.001; and HR: 4.10, p<0.001, respectively). Patients without these risk factors had a low incidence of clinical events (3.8%). In conclusion, almost one in five supposedly stable HF patients in NYHA I experience clinical progression in short-term follow-up. Simple electrocardiographic and echocardiographic predictors may be useful for risk stratification and could help to improve individual HF patient management and outcomes.
Abstract Echogenic intracardiac foci are a second trimester marker associated with aneuploidy in high-risk populations. The objective of this study is to assess the validity of echogenic intracardiac ...foci for Down syndrome detection in the second trimester ultrasound scan. A systematic search in major bibliographic databases was carried out (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL). Twenty-five studies about echogenic intracardiac foci were selected for statistical synthesis in this systematic review. Those 25 considered to be relevant were then subjected to critical reading, following the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme criteria, by at least three independent observers. Then, the published articles were subjected to a meta-analysis. A global sensitivity of 21.8% and a 4.1% false positive rate were obtained. The positive likelihood ratio was 5.08 (95% confidence interval, 4.04–6.41). The subgroups analysis did not reveal statistically significant differences. In conclusion, echogenic intracardiac foci as an isolated marker could be a tool to identify—rather than exclude—the high-risk group of Down syndrome, although it should be noted that it shows low sensitivity.
In this study, we analyzed the relationships among clinical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of patients with advanced illness. It was a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 108 ...patients in an advanced illness situation attended by palliative care teams. Statistically significant correlations were found between some dimensions of spirituality and poor symptomatic control, resiliency, and social support. In the structural model, three variables predicted spirituality: having physical symptoms as the main source of discomfort, resiliency, and social support. This work highlights the relevance of the relationships among spirituality and other aspects of the patient at the end of life.
Knowing the perceptions of users of sports services has always been an object of analysis within sports management. This paper attempts to analyse what influences the satisfaction and future ...intentions of fitness centre customers, beyond management variables, by using two different methodologies. A sample of 389 users of a private sports centre was used. Both linear relationships between variables and the combination of sets were analysed using fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis fsQCA. It is concluded that management variables (service quality, satisfaction and perceived value) are very important for the prediction of management models, but that, according to the interaction methodology between variables, both frequency and sociodemographic variables play an important role in achieving satisfied and loyal users of the sports service. For the prediction of customers’ future intentions, within the analysed sets, it is observed that satisfaction and perceived value are the most predictive variables (raw coverage 0.66). Therefore, and as a consequence, a high number of satisfied and loyal users of the service will allow the economic viability of this service to be achieved.
The use of fish aggregating devices (FADs) in tropical tuna fisheries has increased significantly during recent decades. Concurrently, concern about juvenile tuna mortality, bycatch, and marine ...debris associated with FAD fisheries increased, and this led to the implementation of FAD management measures and more sustainable designs (e.g., non-entangling or biodegradable FADs, limits on active FADs, etc.). This document reviews data collection and reporting requirements of tuna-Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (t-RFMOs) on drifting FADs and summarizes the work carried out since 2010 under the Spanish FAD management plan to create an adequate standard data collection aimed at improving science-based decision making. The aim of this study is to assist in the strengthening of data collection systems through: (1) a review of the existing data requirements, (2) a review of the status of FAD data collection worldwide and identification of data gaps, and (3) recommendations aimed at improving FAD management through the strengthening of FAD data requirements. Due to the complexities of data collection, we summarize the difficulties faced when processing the data and propose concrete and practical solutions to improve both the data collection system and information quality.
Background
The efficacy of routine admission of high-risk patients to a critical care unit after surgery is not clear. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between critical care ...admission after scheduled colorectal surgery and postoperative complications, 30-day mortality, and length of stay in hospital.
Methods
A pre-defined secondary substudy of POWER study was performed. POWER study was a prospective multicenter observational study of patients undergoing elective primary colorectal surgery during a single period of two months of recruitment between September and December 2017.
Results
A total of 2084 patients from 80 Spanish hospitals were included, of which 722 (34.6%) were admitted to critical care unit (CCU) after elective surgery. After adjusting for confounding factors in the multivariate analysis, postoperative CCU admission was independently associated with a higher incidence of moderate-to-severe postoperative complications (adjusted OR 1.951, 95% CI 1.570, 2.425;
p
< 0.001). Regarding secondary outcomes, postoperative critical care admission was independently associated with higher 30-day mortality (adjusted OR 6.736; 95% CI 2.507, 18.101;
p
< 0.001) and independently associated with an increased hospital length of stay (adjusted OR 1.143, 95% CI 1.112, 1.175;
p
< 0.001).
Conclusions
Direct admission to CCU after scheduled colorectal surgery was not associated with a reduction in moderate-to-severe postoperative complications.
EN This Thesis aims to extract the criteria and strategies which with Alejandro de la Sota addresses the design process of inhabiting, as a solid and effective starting point for its resolution in ...the current context. Although his work does not follows a method, neither absolutely rational nor lineal, it is the result of an implementation criteria that integrates in a coherent manner its multiple facets. From a deeper understanding of the issue and a clear dominance of the architecture work, he is able to develop works that condense useful knowledge, in the form of architectural ideas that transcend time and space, and that offer bothvarious and repetitive solutions. In them, he tries to merge man and landscape to highlight the human existence from its indissoluble union with it.;
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For the purpose of achievement of the mentioned target, the study is focused on the analysis of an specific work: Dwellings on the bay of La Alcudia, a domestic, mature, dense in significances proposal that was thought to the joy of life. Its scale, perfectly able to control from the dimensional, functional and construction point of view, permits to apprehend it in all its unitary strength and to notice the amount of divergent aspects that the architect achieves to condense in a unique architectural reality. Though it is an unbuilt work, its values, its power of innovation and its extrapolated nature make them an absent architectural pattern, able to inspire the professional practice in the current circumstances.;
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The project is revealed as the synthesis of the principles about inhabiting that the architect has been brewing from his experiences, living and researches about the domestic scope. Along his trajectory, the intentions barely changed reflected in his reports that justified his housing projects; are the same foundations that are adapted to the different circumstances depending on the needs, the technical disposal at the same time they evolve towards a great dematerialising, abstraction and essentiality: "the simple simplicity" that achieves its highest expresion in this proposal. Thus, his houses constitute subsequent crystallizations towards an ideal that is understood nearly as a piece of nature that its environmental features allow therefore mankind inhabiting. In other words, achieve on Earth his much-desired natural habitat as the maximum expression of freedom and wellness.;
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Based on the thorough studying and the organization of the original information used in the proposal and the reconstruction of his designing process, are identified both the criteria and strategies that the architect addresses the project. They are then verified in his thought and the collection of his work, with the intention to extrapolate from the specific to the general. Finally, it is analyzed its possible continuity and validity, without prejudice of its adjustment to the current technological and social reality.
ES La tesis se propone como objetivo extraer los criterios y estrategias con los que Alejandro de la Sota aborda el proceso de proyecto del habitar, como un punto de partida sólido y eficaz para su resolución en el contexto actual. Aunque su producción no sigue un método, ni totalmente racional ni lineal, sí que es el resultado de un criterio de actuación que integra de manera coherente sus múltiples aspectos. Desde una comprensión profunda del problema y un claro dominio del oficio, es capaz de producir obras que condensan un conocimiento útil, en forma de ideas arquitectónicas que trascienden el tiempo y el espacio, y que ofrecen soluciones al mismo, diversas y reiterativas. En ellas, busca fundir al hombre con la naturaleza para significar la existencia humana desde su indisoluble unidad con ésta. ;
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Para la consecución del objetivo señalado, el trabajo se centra en el análisis de un proyecto concreto: las Viviendas en la Bahía de Alcudia, una propuesta doméstica madura, densa en significados y pensada para el máximo goce de la vida. Su escala, perfectamente 'controlable' desde el punto de vista dimensional, funcional y constructivo, permite aprehenderla con toda su potencia unitaria y reparar en la cantidad de aspectos divergentes que el arquitecto logra condensar en una única realidad arquitectónica. Si bien se trata de una obra no construida, sus valores, su poder de innovación y su carácter extrapolable la convierten en un modelo de arquitectura ausente capaz de alumbrar la práctica profesional en las circunstancias actuales.;
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El proyecto se revela como la síntesis de los principios sobre el habitar que el arquitecto ha ido destilando a partir de sus vivencias, experiencias e investigaciones en el ámbito doméstico. A lo largo de su trayectoria, apenas cambian las intenciones reflejadas en las memorias que justifican sus viviendas; son los mismos fundamentos que se adaptan a las diferentes circunstancias, en función del lugar, las necesidades y la disponibilidad técnica, a la vez que evolucionan hacia una intensa abstracción y esencialidad: la "sencillez, sencilla", que alcanza su máxima expresión en esta propuesta. De este modo, sus casas constituyen cristalizaciones sucesivas hacia un ideal que se entiende casi como un fragmento de naturaleza cuyas condiciones ambientales le permiten al hombre, sin más, habitar. Es decir, lograr en la Tierra su anhelado hábitat natural como máxima expresión de libertad y bienestar. ;
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A partir del estudio exhaustivo y ordenado del material original de la propuesta y la reconstrucción de su proceso de diseño, se identifican los criterios y estrategias con los que el arquitecto aborda el proyecto. Posteriormente, se verifican en su pensamiento y en el conjunto de su obra, a fin de poderlos extrapolar de lo particular a lo general. Por último, se analiza su posible continuidad y vigencia, sin menoscabo de su adaptación a la realidad tecnológica y social del momento presente.
CAT La tesi es proposa com a objectiu extraure els criteris i estratègies amb què Alejandro de la Sota aborda el procés de projecte de l'habitar, com un punt de partida sòlid i eficaç per a la seua resolució en el context actual. Encara que la seua producció no seguixca un mètode, ni totalment racional ni lineal, sí que és el resultat d'un criteri d'actuació que integra de manera coherent els seus múltiples aspectes. Des d'una comprensió profunda del problema i un clar domini de l'ofici, és capaç de produir obres que condensen un coneixement útil, en forma d'idees arquitectòniques que transcendixen el temps i l'espai, i que oferixen solucions a este, diverses i reiteratives. En elles, busca fondre l'home amb la natura per significar l'existència humana des de la seua indissoluble unitat amb esta.;
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Per a la consecució de l'objectiu assenyalat, el treball se centra en l'anàlisi d'un projecte concret: els Habitatges a la Badia d'Alcúdia, una proposta domèstica madura, densa en significats i pensada per al màxim disfrute de la vida. La seua escala, perfectament 'controlable' des del punt de vista dimensional, funcional i constructiu, permet aprehendre-la amb tota la seua potència unitària i reparar en la quantitat d'aspectes divergents que l'arquitecte conseguix condensar en una única realitat arquitectònica.;
Si bé es tracta d'una obra no construïda, els seus valors, el seu poder d'innovació i el seu caràcter extrapolable la convertixen en un model d'arquitectura absent capaç de donar llum a la pràctica professional en les circumstàncies actuals.;
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El projecte es revela com la síntesi dels principis sobre l'habitar que l'arquitecte ha anat destil¿lant a partir de les seues vivències, experiències i investigacions en l'àmbit domèstic. Al llarg de la seua trajectòria, tot just canvien les intencions reflexades en les memòries que justifiquen els seus habitatges; són els mateixos fonaments que s'adapten a les diferents circumstàncies, en funció del lloc, les necessitats i la disponibilitat tècnica, a la vegada que evolucionen cap a una intensa desmaterialització, abstracció i essencialitat: la "senzillesa, senzilla" que conseguix la seua màxima expressió en esta proposta. D'esta manera, les seues cases constituixen cristal¿litzacions successives cap a un ideal que s'entén casi com un fragment de naturalesa, les condicions ambientals de la qual li permeten a l'home, sense més, habitar. És a dir, aconseguir a la Terra el seu anhelat hàbitat natural com a màxima expressió de llibertat i benestar.;
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A partir de l'estudi exhaustiu i ordenat del material original de la proposta i la reconstrucció del seu procés de disseny, s'identifiquen els criteris i estratègies amb què l'arquitecte aborda el projecte. Posteriorment, es verifiquen en el seu pensament i en el conjunt de la seua obra, per tal de poder-los extrapolar del particular al general. Finalment, s'analitza la seua possible continuïtat i vigència, sense detriment de la seua adaptació a la realitat tecnològica i social del moment present.
Pascual Rubio, A. (2016). PROYECTAR PARA LA VIDA. ALEJANDRO DE LA SOTA. VIVIENDAS EN LA BAHÍA DE ALCUDIA Tesis doctoral no publicada. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/62218
TESIS
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