The article describes the application of the Hough transform to a honeycomb block image. The problem of cutting a mold from a honeycomb block is described. A number of image transformations are ...considered to increase the efficiency of the Hough algorithm. A method for obtaining a binary image using a simple threshold, a method for obtaining a binary image using Otsu binarization, and the Canny Edge Detection algorithm are considered. The method of binary skeleton (skeletonization) is considered, in which the skeleton is obtained using 2 main morphological operations: Dilation and Erosion. As a result of a number of experiments, the optimal sequence of processing the original image was revealed, which allows obtaining the coordinates of the maximum number of faces. This result allows one to choose the optimal places for cutting a honeycomb block, which will improve the quality of the resulting shapes.
Zinc oxide (ZnO)‐based varistors are metal oxide varistors whose nonlinear properties are characterized by electrical resistance that decreases as the applied field increases. The multiphasic nature ...of varistors leads to the formation of Schottky barriers, which are responsible for the materials' nonlinear behavior. The objective of this work was to image the potential barriers in ZnO doped with 0.5 mol% Cu and x wt% G (G is a frit and x=0, 1, and 5 wt%). The frit served to form a glassy insulating layer around the grain boundaries. Samples were sintered at 1050°C and the microstructures were analyzed using a Nanoscope IIIa atomic force microscope. The results of the electric force microscopy experiments map the electric field distribution on the surface of CuO–ZnO‐based ceramics.
The electric properties of ceramic PTC can be observed through the nature of the grains boundaries, and the levels of energy involved in their process were not well explained. The formation of ...potential barriers on barium titanate doped with yttrium were investigated using electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) with electric field gradient applications and surface potential images shows the formation of potential along grain boundary at applied voltage of 10 V. Semiconducting barium titanate was obtained by mixing 0.3% of yttrium in the nitrate form with BaTiO3 powder (TAM ceramics)`
Doped zirconia has been used in electronic applications in the cubic crystalline phase. Ceria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia presents high toughness and can also be applied as solid electrolytes. The ...tetragonal phase of zirconia can be stabilized at room temperature with ceria in a broad range of composition. However, CeO
2–ZrO
2 has low sinterability, so it is important to investigate the effect of sintering dopants. In this study the effect of iron, copper, manganese and nickel was investigated. The dopants such as iron and copper lowered the sintering temperature from 1600°C down to 1450°C, with a percentage of tetragonal phase retained at room temperature higher than 98% and also with an increase of the electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity was measured using impedance spectroscopy. The grain boundary contribution was determined and the activation energy associated with the ionic conduction was 1.04 eV. The dopants can also promote a grain boundary cleanliness verified by blocking effect measurement.
Electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) was used to directly probe, and thereby characterize, both the surface morphology and surface potential of semiconducting barium titanate doped with yttrium. The ...potential barrier developed at the grain boundaries was determined using EFM with in situ applied voltage up to 8
V. The applied voltage was mapped and the distribution of potential across the sample showed changes in regions that matched the grain boundaries, displaying a constant barrier width of 145.2
nm.
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