► Pozzolanic addition means more total charge demanded for the treatment. ► Increasing concrete cover thickness will increase total charge for realkalisation. ► Lower water to cement ratio means more ...total charge demanded for the treatment. ► Reinforcement repassivation can be seen by corrosion potential measurements. ► More charge demanded for realkalisation means a shorter time for repassivation.
This work studies the influence of concrete characteristics, such as cement type and water to cement ratio, and concrete cover thickness on the electrochemical realkalisation of carbonated concretes. Results show the treatment efficiency for recovering concrete alkalinity. More time and total electrical charge passed are demanded in proportion as water to cement ratio decrease, concrete cover thickness increase and when concrete has lower alkalinity reserve. The tendency of reinforcement reaching passive condition is observed by corrosion potential measurements. For this variable, concretes that demand more charge and time for realkalisation reach the passive condition in a shorter time. Corrosion current density shows a decrease tendency over time and, although not reaching the level that represents passive condition in most of the cases, it was not far from this reference.
Exascale applications: skin in the game Alexander, Francis; Almgren, Ann; Bell, John ...
Philosophical transactions - Royal Society. Mathematical, Physical and engineering sciences/Philosophical transactions - Royal Society. Mathematical, physical and engineering sciences,
03/2020, Letnik:
378, Številka:
2166
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
As noted in Wikipedia,
refers to having 'incurred risk by being involved in achieving a goal', where '
is a synecdoche for the person involved, and
is the metaphor for actions on the field of play ...under discussion'. For exascale applications under development in the US Department of Energy Exascale Computing Project, nothing could be more apt, with the
being exascale applications and the
being delivering comprehensive science-based computational applications that effectively exploit exascale high-performance computing technologies to provide breakthrough modelling and simulation and data science solutions. These solutions will yield high-confidence insights and answers to the most critical problems and challenges for the USA in scientific discovery, national security, energy assurance, economic competitiveness and advanced healthcare. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Numerical algorithms for high-performance computational science'.
Liver disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH), of which nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly ...recognized cause. There are limited data investigating NAFLD in HIV monoinfection and histologically defined disease. We aimed to identify who is at risk of fibrosis, NAFLD, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) among PLWH and explore the diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive markers of fibrosis.
This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, international, multicenter study including patients with HIV monoinfection, without chronic viral hepatitis or other known causes of chronic liver disease, who underwent liver biopsy for abnormal liver biochemistry and/or clinical suspicion of liver fibrosis.
A total of 116 patients from 5 centers were included. Sixty-three (54%) had NAFLD, of whom 57 (92%) had NASH. Overall, 36 (31%) had advanced fibrosis (≥F3) and 3 (3%) had cirrhosis. Of the 53 cases without NAFLD, 15 (28%) had advanced fibrosis. Collagen proportionate area was similar between cases with and without NAFLD (3% vs 2%). Body mass index was independently associated with NAFLD (aOR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.08-1.34), and type 2 diabetes was independently associated with advanced fibrosis (aOR, 3.42; 95% CI, 1.00-11.71). The area under the curve for advanced fibrosis was 0.65 and 0.66 for both NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NFS) and FIB-4. Cutoff values of -1.455 (NFS) and 1.3 (FIB-4) have negative-predictive values of 0.80 and 0.82, respectively.
Advanced fibrosis is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes in PLWH. Serological markers require further optimization.
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of ensiling sorghum silage with urea and amending the aerobic exposure nutrients intake and apparent digestibility, ingestive behaviour and blood ...serum metabolites of feedlot lambs. Forty uncastrated crossbred Dorper × Santa Inês lambs, aged 150 ± 15 days and with an initial body weight of 21.73 ± 2.40 kg, were used. Animals were assigned in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Thus, six silage diets were produced with various urea addition levels (UA: 0 and 5 g/kg on a natural matter basis) and periods of aerobic exposure of silages (PAE: 0, 24 and 48 h). An effect was observed for nutrient intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre corrected for ash and protein (NDFap) and total digestive nutrients TDN (g/day) and for the total apparent digestibility of DM, OM and CP. There was an interaction effect between urea levels and aerobic exposure for ether extract (EE) and NDFap intakes (g/kg) and nonfibrous carbohydrate (NFC) digestibility (g/kg) (
= 0.012). The addition of 5 g/kg of urea to sorghum ensilage improved the digestibility parameters without changing dry matter intake and ingestive behaviour. The addition or not of urea does not change the blood parameters of the animals.
We evaluated the microbial populations, fermentation profile, chemical composition, losses and aerobic stability of sorghum silages enriched with urea and Lactobacillus buchneri. Experiment design ...was set up as a completely randomised design with a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement consisting of four treatments (SS - sorghum silage without additive; SSI - sorghum silage with L. buchneri (10
5
cfu/g fresh matter); SSU - sorghum silage with urea (% DM); and SSUI - sorghum silage with urea and inoculant) and four opening times (15, 30, 60, and 110 days), with four replicates. The silage pH was influenced (P < 0.01) by the treatments, with the highest values found in SSI and SSU. Lactic acid contents decreased in SSI and SSUI, while acetic acid levels in those silages increased, consequently reducing the ethanol content (P < 0.01). The lowest yeast counts were obtained in SSI and SSUI. There was an effect for aerobic stability (P < 0.05) in which higher aerobic stability was observed to SSUI (87.3 h) compared to SS (61.0 h) and SSU (62.3 h). SSI did not differ between the other silages. The inoculant L. buchneri as associated with urea promoted positive effects on both fermentation and aerobic stability.
Aim
To evaluate factors associated with difficulty eating and speaking due to oral problems according to the reports of children.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 769 5-year-old ...children at preschools in a city in northeast Brazil. Parents/caretakers answered a questionnaire addressing socio-demographic data and a history of dental pain. The children answered the scale of oral health outcomes for 5-year-old children, which was used to evaluate the dependent variables. Clinical examinations of the children were performed by examiners who had undergone calibration exercises. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and Poisson regression analysis (
α
= 5%).
Results
The prevalence of the perception of functional limitations on the part of the children was 35.5% for difficulty eating and 22.9% for difficulty speaking. Difficulty eating was associated with a history of dental pain (PR = 1.68; 95% CI 1.27–2.22) and the occurrence of traumatic dental injury (TDI) (PR = 1.23; 95% CI 1.01–1.52). Difficulty speaking due to oral problems was associated with studying at a public preschool (PR = 1.71; 95% CI 1.19–2.46), a history of dental pain (PR = 1.54; 95% CI 1.07–2.20), and the occurrence of TDI (PR = 1.52; 95% CI 1.12–2.06).
Conclusions
Pain symptoms and the occurrence of TDI can exert an influence on the development of functional limitations. With regard to socioeconomic factors, studying at a public preschool can influence difficulty speaking in children.
Euterpe oleracea Mart., popularly known as "açaí", is a tropical fruit from the Amazon region where it has considerable economic importance. Açaí has been used as food and for several medicinal ...purposes. Despite the widespread use of this fruit, there is a lack of data regarding the safety of using this fruit oil exclusively. Therefore, we evaluated the in vitro cytotoxic, genotoxic, and antigenotoxic effects of E. oleracea fruit oil (EOO) in cultured human lymphocytes (non-metabolizing cells) and HepG2 cell line (human hepatoma) (metabolizing cells) by using MTT, comet, and micronucleus assays. A wide range of EOO concentrations was tested with a preliminary MTT assay, which allowed selecting five concentrations for comet and micronucleus assays: 2.5, 10, 100, 500, and 1000 µg/mL. The results showed that none of the EOO tested concentrations presented cytotoxic effects. The genotoxic assessment revealed an absence of significant DNA and chromosome damage in human lymphocytes and HepG2 cells but did not show chemoprotection against the DNA damage induced by methyl methanesulfonate and benzoapyrene, used as DNA-damaging agents.
•Different roughage: concentrate ratio affect the intake of feedlot lambs.•Sorghum silage compared to Transvala grass hay provides higher feeding efficiency.•Diets with a higher ratio of concentrate ...provide greater weight gain in lambs.•Different types of roughage do not affect the carcass characteristics of lambs.•Lambs fed lower roughage: concentrate ratio diets had improvements in meat quality.
This study proposes to investigate the production performance of lambs fed diets containing different roughage sources and formulated with different roughage-to-concentrate ratios (R:C). A total of 108 castrated male Santa Inês lambs aged 3–6 months, at an average body weight of 26.1 kg ± 5.6 kg were used. The experiment was set up as a randomized block design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement represented by two R:C ratios (400:600 or 600:400 g/kg, dry matter basis) and two roughage sources transvala grass (Digitaria decumbens Stent cv. Transvala) hay or sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) silage, or a combination of the two sources. Six diets were tested, namely, Diet 1–400 g/kg hay +600 g/kg concentrate; Diet 2–400 g/kg silage +600 g/kg concentrate; Diet 3–200 g/kg hay +200 g/kg silage +600 g/kg concentrate; Diet 4–600 g/kg hay +400 g/kg concentrate; Diet 5–600 g/kg silage +400 g/kg concentrate; and Diet 6–300 g/kg hay +300 g/kg silage +400 g/kg concentrate. The concentrate was composed of ground corn, soybean meal, urea and a mineral mixture. The diets with the lower R:C ratio (400:600 g/kg DM) provided the highest intakes of dry matter and other nutritional components as well as increased animal performance and carcass yield parameters. Better feed efficiency was observed in the lambs fed the silage-containing diets. In conclusion, the tested roughage sources can be used in lamb diets, and the roughage level of 400 g/kg DM maximizes feed efficiency in lambs. When using hay in the diet formulation, higher weight gain rates are achieved with a R:C ratio of 400:600 g/kg; for diets formulated with silage, in turn, the recommended R:C ratio for increased weight gain is 600:400 g/kg. Thus, depending on the availability of roughage, the producer may choose one of the sources and associate it with the most adequate proportion of concentrate to maximize the performance of feedlot lambs.
Individuals with severe cartilage degeneration of the hip or knee or collapsed vertebrae that cause spine deformities can suffer from joint and neuropathic pain in the back, disuse of the affected ...limb, and restriction of movements. Surgical intervention is the most widespread and successful solution to date. There is a general belief that eating healthy and staying physically and mentally active might have a preventive role against musculoskeletal disease occurrence, while instead, we are more certain of the benefits deriving from a healthy diet and exercise therapy after major orthopaedic procedures. These aspects are in fact vital components in enhanced recovery after surgery programmes. However, they are applied in hospital settings, are often centre-dependent, and lack primary and tertiary preventive efficacy since end once the patient is discharged. There is the lack of initiatives at the territorial level that ensure a continuum in the patient's journey towards orthopaedic surgery, home transition, and a healthy and long-lasting life. The expert panel advocates the integration of an intermediate lifestyle clinic that promotes healthy eating, physical activity, and sleep hygiene. In this facility directed by professionals in enhancing recovery after surgery, patients can be referred after the surgical indication and before home discharge. Surgery is in fact a moment when individuals are more curious to do their best to heal and stay healthy, representing a timepoint and opportunity for educating patients on how lifestyle changes may optimise not only their surgical recovery but also long-term future health state. Keywords: access to health care, health care facilities, manpower, services, surgeries, orthopaedic rehabilitation, dietary habits, physical therapy modalities, good sleep habit
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