The aim was examine the effects of substituting the crude protein (CP) from soybean meal (SM) with the CP from urea on the intake, nutrient digestibility and feeding behaviour of feedlot lambs with ...buffel grass hay as the roughage source. Five uncastrated Dorper × Santa Inês mixed-breed lambs with an average initial weight of 17 ± 1.5 kg were evaluated in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Treatments consisted of diets in which 0.0, 25.0%, 50.0%, 75.0% and 100% of the CP from SM were substituted by the CP from urea. Compared with diet without urea, dry matter (DM) intake and organic matter intake were similar to diet containing 25% of urea, whereas they were lower in the animals fed diets containing 50%, 75% and 100% of CP from urea. The digestibility coefficients, feeding behaviour, nitrogen (N) balance, N intake and N losses in faeces were not influenced. Urinary N losses differed, with the highest values in the animals fed diets in which 75% and 100% of SM was replaced. Up to 25% of the CP, which corresponds to 3.16% of DM from SM can be substituted by CP from urea in diets containing buffel grass hay for feedlot lambs.
Exascale applications: skin in the game Alexander, Francis; Almgren, Ann; Bell, John ...
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences,
03/2020, Letnik:
378, Številka:
2166
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
As noted in Wikipedia,
refers to having 'incurred risk by being involved in achieving a goal', where '
is a synecdoche for the person involved, and
is the metaphor for actions on the field of play ...under discussion'. For exascale applications under development in the US Department of Energy Exascale Computing Project, nothing could be more apt, with the
being exascale applications and the
being delivering comprehensive science-based computational applications that effectively exploit exascale high-performance computing technologies to provide breakthrough modelling and simulation and data science solutions. These solutions will yield high-confidence insights and answers to the most critical problems and challenges for the USA in scientific discovery, national security, energy assurance, economic competitiveness and advanced healthcare. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Numerical algorithms for high-performance computational science'.
Summary
Background
In cardiometabolic disorders, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease is frequent and presumably associated with increased mortality and cardiovascular risk.
Aim
To evaluate the ...prognostic value of non‐invasive biomarkers of liver fibrosis (FibroTest) and steatosis (SteatoTest) in patients with type‐2 diabetes and/or dyslipidaemia.
Methods
A total of 2312 patients with type‐2 diabetes and/or dyslipidaemia were included and prospectively followed up for 5–15 years. The cardiovascular Framingham‐risk score was calculated; advanced fibrosis and severe steatosis, were defined by FibroTest >0.48 and SteatoTest >0.69, respectively, as previously established.
Results
During a median follow‐up of 12 years, 172 patients (7.4%) died. The leading causes of mortality were cancer (31%) and cardiovascular‐related death (20%). The presence of advanced fibrosis HR (95% CI) 2.98 (95% CI 1.78–4.99); P < 0.0001 or severe steatosis 1.86 (1.34–2.58); P = 0.0002 was associated with an increased risk of mortality. In a multivariate Cox model adjusted for confounders: the presence of advanced fibrosis was associated with overall mortality 1.95 (1.12–3.41); P = 0.02; advanced fibrosis at baseline n = 50/677; 1.92 (1.04–3.55); P = 0.04 and progression to advanced fibrosis during follow‐up n = 16/127; 4.8 (1.5–14.9); P = 0.007 were predictors of cardiovascular events in patients with type‐2 diabetes. In patients with a Framingham‐risk score ≥20%, the presence of advanced fibrosis was predictive of cardiovascular events 2.24 (1.16–4.33); P < 0.05.
Conclusions
Liver biomarkers, such as FibroTest and SteatoTest, have prognostic values in patients with metabolic disorders. FibroTest has prognostic value for predicting overall survival in patients with type‐2 diabetes and/or dyslipidaemia. In type‐2 diabetes, FibroTest predicted cardiovascular events and improved the Framingham‐risk score.
Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by transient elastography has been validated to predict high-risk varices (HRV). We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of shear-wave elastography (SWE) and platelet ...count (Baveno VI criteria) to rule out HRV in patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease (c-ACLD).
This retrospective study analyzed data of patients with c-ACLD (transient elastography ≥ 10 kPa) submitted to two-dimensional SWE (2D-SWE) (GE-LOGIQ-S8) and/or point SWE (p-SWE) (ElastPQ) who had a gastrointestinal endoscopy within 24 months. HRV definition was a large size and presence of red wale marks or sequelae from previous treatment. Optimal thresholds of SWE systems for HRV were identified. The proportion of spared gastrointestinal endoscopies and missing HRV considering a favorable SWE Baveno VI criteria were assessed.
Eighty patients 36% male, median age = 63 (interquartile range, 57-69) years were included. The prevalence of HRV was 34% ( n = 27/80). The optimal thresholds to predict HRV were 10 kPa and 12 kPa for 2D-SWE and p-SWE, respectively. A favorable 2D-SWE Baveno VI criteria (LSM < 10 kPa and platelets count > 150 × 10 9 /mm 3 ) avoided 19% of gastrointestinal endoscopies without missing HRVs. A favorable p-SWE Baveno VI criteria (LSM < 12 kPa and platelets count > 150 × 10 9 /mm 3 ) spared 20% of gastrointestinal endoscopy without missing HRVs. Using a lower threshold of platelet count (<110 × 10 9 /mm 3 , expanded Baveno VI), 2D-SWE (<10 kPa) avoided 33% of gastrointestinal endoscopy with 8% of missing HRVs, while p-SWE (<12 kPa) avoided 36% of gastrointestinal endoscopy with 5% of missing HRVs.
LSM by p-SWE or 2D-SWE combined with platelet count (Baveno VI criteria) can spare a considerable number of gastrointestinal endoscopies missing a negligible proportion of HRV.
Introduction:
Investigating preschool children’s social behaviors and the association with oral health variables helps to understand child development. Besides that, different perceptions need to be ...explored regarding the impact of oral problems on the social behavior between the child’s self-report and parent’s/caregiver’s proxy report.
Objective:
To determine which socioeconomic and oral factors are associated with difficulty sleeping and playing and the avoidance of smiling in preschoolers.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative random sample of 769 pairs of parents/caregivers and 5-y-old preschoolers. The preschoolers answered a questionnaire on difficulty sleeping, difficulty playing, and the avoidance of smiling for reasons related to oral problems. The parents/caregivers answered a questionnaire addressing socioeconomic characteristics as well as the use of dental services. Two calibrated dentists examined the children for the determination of dental caries, traumatic dental injury (TDI), malocclusion, and bruxism. Descriptive and Poisson regression analysis for complex samples with robust variance was used to test the associations (α = 5%).
Results:
The variables associated with difficulty sleeping were low household income (confidence interval CI: 1.40–3.01), number of untreated dental caries (CI, 1.02–1.04), dental pain (CI, 1.76–3.59), TDI (CI, 1.08–2.11), and anterior open bite (CI, 1.11–2.20). Difficulty playing also was associated with the low household income (CI, 1.34–3.15), number of untreated dental caries (CI, 1.01–1.04), dental pain (CI,1.42–3.61), and TDI (CI, 1.13–2.33). The number of untreated dental caries (CI, 1.02–1.05), dental pain (CI, 1.03–2.88), anterior open bite (CI, 1.30–3.26), and not using dental services (CI, 1.13–2.73) were determinant factors for the avoidance of smiling.
Conclusion:
Socioeconomic, symptomatic, and/or oral esthetic problems exerted an impact on the social behavior of the preschoolers analyzed, such as playing, sleeping, and smiling.
Knowledge Transfer Statement:
The results of the present study may help parents and clinicians to understand better the association of oral problems with the social behavior of preschool children. Moreover, this study shows the importance of listening to children in clinical decisions. These results also can help in the elaboration of oral health policies.
The present study evaluated the central activity of the essential oil and the ethanolic extract from
Artemisia annua L. in animals as a part of a psychopharmacological screening of this plant. The ...extract was prepared with fresh leaves in ethanol (AEE) and the essential oil (AEO) was obtained by hidrodestilation. The ED
50 and the LD
50 obtained for the essential oil were 470
mg/kg (correlation coefficient
r=0.97333 and linear regression
y=−26.52
x+0.158) and 790
mg/kg, and for the extract, 450
mg/kg (correlation coefficient
r=0.99266 and linear regression
y=−27.34+0.156) and more than 2
g/kg, respectively. The doses increased the latency time to convulsions induced by picrotoxin and pilocarpine but prevented the onset of pentylenotetrazol and strychnine induced seizures. In addition to, the products have caused marked inhibition in the Rota-rod assay. According to the results, the AEO has a high acute toxicity and a possible cholinergic action, and the AEE showed a possible central activity as dopaminergic and cholinergic agents, and did not present a significant acute toxicity. These differences should be due to chemical substances present in each product. These products had no significant effect as an anticonvulsant, while exhibited a strong depressant activity on the CNS.
Oil‐in‐water droplets stabilized with polymer zwitterions (PZWs) exhibit salt‐responsive aggregation–disaggregation behavior. Here, a method to shape these droplets is described, starting from their ...aggregated state, into supracolloidal fibers by simply extruding them into aqueous media. The effect of salt concentration, in both the initial emulsion and the aqueous medium, on the ability of the emulsions to form fibers is examined. After fiber formation, a transition from well‐defined macroscopic structures to noninteracting droplet dispersions can be triggered, simply by increasing the salt concentration of the aqueous environment. The interdroplet energy of adhesion and emulsion rheology correlate qualitatively with salt concentration and thus impact the ability of the emulsions to be shaped by extrusion. The interdroplet adhesion is dependent on both salt concentration and polymer composition, which allows tailoring of conditions to trigger fiber disaggregation. Finally, fibers with variable compositions along their length are prepared by sequential loading and extrusion of emulsions containing oil phases of differing densities.
All‐liquid macroscopic supracolloidal fibers are fabricated using droplets as building blocks. Polymer zwitterion surfactants endow oil‐in‐water emulsions with tailorable interdroplet adhesion. Extrusion of emulsion networks affords robust, macroscopic fibers, the disaggregation of which is triggered by salt. This functional droplet platform also allows for the fabrication of supracolloidal fibers of variable chemical composition along their length.
Individuals with severe cartilage degeneration of the hip or knee or collapsed vertebrae that cause spine deformities can suffer from joint and neuropathic pain in the back, disuse of the affected ...limb, and restriction of movements. Surgical intervention is the most widespread and successful solution to date. There is a general belief that eating healthy and staying physically and mentally active might have a preventive role against musculoskeletal disease occurrence, while instead, we are more certain of the benefits deriving from a healthy diet and exercise therapy after major orthopaedic procedures. These aspects are in fact vital components in enhanced recovery after surgery programmes. However, they are applied in hospital settings, are often centre-dependent, and lack primary and tertiary preventive efficacy since end once the patient is discharged. There is the lack of initiatives at the territorial level that ensure a continuum in the patient's journey towards orthopaedic surgery, home transition, and a healthy and long-lasting life. The expert panel advocates the integration of an intermediate lifestyle clinic that promotes healthy eating, physical activity, and sleep hygiene. In this facility directed by professionals in enhancing recovery after surgery, patients can be referred after the surgical indication and before home discharge. Surgery is in fact a moment when individuals are more curious to do their best to heal and stay healthy, representing a timepoint and opportunity for educating patients on how lifestyle changes may optimise not only their surgical recovery but also long-term future health state. Keywords: access to health care, health care facilities, manpower, services, surgeries, orthopaedic rehabilitation, dietary habits, physical therapy modalities, good sleep habit
The aim of the study was to evaluate the carcass characteristics, proximate composition, and sensorial attributes of meat from sheep fed diets in which buffelgrass silage replaced corn silage. ...Thirty-two intact male crossbred Santa Inês sheep with an average live weight of 20.09 ± 2.0 kg were housed in individual stalls and allotted at random to four treatments in which corn silage was replaced by buffelgrass silage at the levels of 0 (control), 33.3%, 66.6%, and 100%. After an adaption period of 10 days, the sheep were fed for an additional 61 days. Feed was offered ad libitum and corn silage comprised 60% of the diet for the control group. Carcass characteristics, non-carcass components and meat quality were evaluated. Hot carcass yield, cold carcass yield, true carcass yield, trimmings, fat weight, and mesenteric and omental fat weight were highest for the control group (P <0.05). Loin eye area had a quadratic response (P =0.02), with the largest areas being observed in animals fed the diet containing 66.6% buffelgrass silage. Liver weight (P <0.01), luminosity of the meat (P <0.05), and cooking loss (P <0.05) likewise had nonlinear responses to the concentration of buffelgrass silage in the diet. The treatments did not have significant negative influence on the nutritional and organoleptic characteristics of the meat.
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