•Reciprocal hybrids showed the highest transcriptomic differences.•Reciprocal effect and heterosis were found among differentially expressed genes.•Correlations of multi-omics data differentiate ...homozygous vs heterozygous genotypes.•Tomato fruit metabolites correlated with genes with similar gene action.•Cross-direction is important in the F1`s performance.
External and internal attributes of fleshy fruits can be affected by phenomena like reciprocal effect and heterosis. The aim of this work is to study the genetic and molecular differences between two parental lines and their reciprocal hybrids, as well as the presence of heterosis and reciprocal effects. The tomato cultivars Querubín FCA and Gema FCA were selected as parental genotypes because this cross showed a high presence of heterosis and reciprocal effect. A combined investigation of the gene actions involved in gene expression profile and metabolic content was performed by analysing transcriptomic data and its integration with previously reported metabolic data. The reciprocal hybrids showed the most significant differences at the transcript levels (157 out of 200). Several transcripts which encode transcription factors were found, suggesting that ripe red fruits still have a highly regulated transcriptome. Furthermore, 41 differentially expressed genes connected to 11 metabolites were identified. Afterwards, transcript and metabolite gene actions were calculated. The results showed that the metabolic phenotypes of the parental genotypes are mainly explained by transcripts showing an additive gene action. In contrast, transcripts with non-additive gene actions mainly explained the heterotic metabolic phenotype in the hybrids. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the molecular basis of reciprocal effect and heterosis in plant crops.
We have developed an efficient and simplified method for shoot proliferation of the pineapple (
Ananas comosus
L.), using a Double-Phase Culture System (DPS) (semi-solid medium with a layer of liquid ...medium on the top). Under these conditions, up to 430 microshoots were produced from 5 initial shoots within 5 months, and without shoot manipulation. Thus, >50% shoots proliferated as compared to that on agar-solidified medium. Shoots taken from DPS were rooted within 4 weeks at a frequency of up to 100%, in full-strength or half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium containing 0.5–2.5 μM indole-3-butyric acid. The plantlets were then transferred into soil, and they survived acclimatization with 100% success. Thus, DPS could be useful for large-scale micropropagation of a range of pineapple cultivars, with high production of plantlets at the end of process, and reduced labor costs during the subcultures.
Abstract
The coherent photoproduction of
$$\mathrm{J}/\psi $$
J
/
ψ
and
$${\uppsi '}$$
ψ
′
mesons was measured in ultra-peripheral Pb–Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy
$$\sqrt{s_{\mathrm ...{NN}}}~=~5.02$$
s
NN
=
5.02
TeV with the ALICE detector. Charmonia are detected in the central rapidity region for events where the hadronic interactions are strongly suppressed. The
$$\mathrm{J}/\psi $$
J
/
ψ
is reconstructed using the dilepton (
$$l^{+} l^{-}$$
l
+
l
-
) and proton–antiproton decay channels, while for the
$${\uppsi '}$$
ψ
′
the dilepton and the
$$l^{+} l^{-} \pi ^{+} \pi ^{-}$$
l
+
l
-
π
+
π
-
decay channels are studied. The analysis is based on an event sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 233
$$\mu {\mathrm{b}}^{-1}$$
μ
b
-
1
. The results are compared with theoretical models for coherent
$$\mathrm{J}/\psi $$
J
/
ψ
and
$${\uppsi '}$$
ψ
′
photoproduction. The coherent cross section is found to be in a good agreement with models incorporating moderate nuclear gluon shadowing of about 0.64 at a Bjorken-
x
of around
$$6\times 10^{-4}$$
6
×
10
-
4
, such as the EPS09 parametrization, however none of the models is able to fully describe the rapidity dependence of the coherent
$$\mathrm{J}/\psi $$
J
/
ψ
cross section including ALICE measurements at forward rapidity. The ratio of
$${\uppsi '}$$
ψ
′
to
$$\mathrm{J}/\psi $$
J
/
ψ
coherent photoproduction cross sections was also measured and found to be consistent with the one for photoproduction off protons.
ABSTRACT Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is an important agricultural crop in Brazil, considered one of the most important oilseed crops cultivated. The use of fertilizer-solubilizing bacteria can mitigate ...salt stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the gas exchange, growth, and water use efficiency of the peanut crop irrigated with brackish water under phosphate fertilization and inoculated with bacteria of the genus Bacillus sp. The experimental design used in this study was completely randomized, in a 4 × 2 × 2 factorial scheme, with 5 replicates, referring to the forms of fertilization (F1 - 0% phosphorus, F2 - 50% phosphorus, F3 - 100% phosphorus, and F4 - bovine biofertilizer), presence and absence of the inoculant and two levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (ECw - 0.3 and 4.0 dS m-1). Fertilization with organic fertilizer (100% biofertilizer) and mineral fertilizer (50 and 100% phosphorus) associated with Bacillus sp. mitigated the damage caused by salt stress and promoted greater water use efficiency, chlorophyll index, internal CO2 concentration and stem diameter. The control treatment (without phosphate fertilization and without salt stress) and the application of Bacillus sp. promoted greater performance in net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and plant height in peanut plants.
RESUMO O amendoim (Arachis hypogaea) é uma importante cultura agrícola no Brasil, considerada uma das mais importantes oleaginosas cultivadas. O uso de bactérias solubilizadoras de fertilizantes pode mitigar o estresse salino. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as trocas gasosas, o crescimento e a eficiência do uso da água da cultura do amendoim irrigado com água salobra sob adubação fosfatada e inoculada com bactérias do gênero Bacillus sp. O delineamento experimental utilizado neste estudo foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 × 2 × 2, com 5 repetições, referente às formas de adubação (F1 - 0% fósforo, F2 - 50% fósforo, F3 - 100% fósforo e F4 - bovino biofertilizante), presença e ausência do inoculante e dois níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (CEa - 0.3 e 4.0 dS m-1). As adubações com fertilizante orgânico (100% de biofertilizante) e mineral (50 e 100% de fósforo) associada a Bacillus sp. mitigou os danos causados pelo estresse salino e proporcionou maior eficiência no uso da água, índice de clorofila, concentração interna de CO2 e diâmetro do caule. O tratamento controle (sem adubação fosfatada e sem estresse salino) e a aplicação de Bacillus sp., promoveu maior desempenho na fotossíntese líquida, taxa de transpiração, condutância estomática e altura das plantas em plantas de amendoim.
Two-particle angular correlations between unidentified charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p–Pb collisions at a nucleon–nucleon centre-of-mass energy of ...5.02 TeV. The transverse-momentum range 0.7 < p T,assoc < p T,trig < 5.0 GeV/c is examined, to include correlations induced by jets originating from low momentum-transfer scatterings (minijets). The correlations expressed as associated yield per trigger particle are obtained in the pseudorapidity range |η| < 0.9. The near-side long-range pseudorapidity correlations observed in high-multiplicity p–Pb collisions are subtracted from both near-side short-range and away-side correlations in order to remove the non-jet-like components. The yields in the jet-like peaks are found to be invariant with event multiplicity with the exception of events with low multiplicity. This invariance is consistent with the particles being produced via the incoherent fragmentation of multiple parton–parton scatterings, while the yield related to the previously observed ridge structures is not jet-related. The number of uncorrelated sources of particle production is found to increase linearly with multiplicity, suggesting no saturation of the number of multi-parton interactions even in the highest multiplicity p–Pb collisions. Further, the number scales only in the intermediate multiplicity region with the number of binary nucleon–nucleon collisions estimated with a Glauber Monte-Carlo simulation. (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Funded by SCOAP 3 .
We report on the production of inclusive Υ (1S) and Υ (2S) in p–Pb collisions at √ s NN = 5.02 TeV at the LHC. The measurement is performed with the ALICE detector at backward (−4.46 < y cms < −2.96) ...and forward (2.03 < y cms < 3.53) rapidity down to zero transverse momentum. The production cross sections of the Υ (1S) and Υ (2S) are presented, as well as the nuclear modification factor and the ratio of the forward to backward yields of Υ (1S). A suppression of the inclusive Υ (1S) yield in p–Pb collisions with respect to the yield from pp collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon–nucleon collisions is observed at forward rapidity but not at backward rapidity. The results are compared to theoretical model calculations including nuclear shadowing or partonic energy loss effects. (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Funded by SCOAP 3 .
El efecto recíproco (ER) es el cambio en el valor medio de un carácter cuantitativo al invertir el rol sexual de los genotipos progenitores del cruzamiento o el híbrido. El objetivo fue validar QTLs ...para caracteres de calidad de fruto y evaluar la persistencia del ER mediante pruebas de progenie. En estudios previos se detectaron QTLs en poblaciones F2 derivadas del cruzamiento entre el cultivar Caimanta de Solanum lycopersicum L. y la accesión LA0722 de S. pimpinellifolium L. y su recíproco. Aquí, se seleccionaron 16 familias F2:F3 recíprocas para validar los QTLs y la persistencia del ER en la detección. Las plantas F2 que dieron origen a las familias F2:F3 fueron seleccionadas por ser heterocigotas para el locus asociado al QTL. Cada familia segregante estuvo compuesta por 30 plantas y fue evaluada para la característica asociada al QTL. En frutos en estado pintón se evaluó: peso (en g), diámetro (en cm), altura (en cm), número de lóculos y vida poscosecha (Vp). En frutos maduros se evaluó: sólidos solubles (en °Brix), pH, y color a través de los índices a/b y L. Cada familia F2:F3 fue caracterizada por el marcador molecular asociado al QTL en la F2 y se hizo una nueva detección de QTLs mediante el análisis de un solo punto para la validación. Siete QTLs para características de calidad de fruto se validaron en familias F2:F3 . Se encontró persistencia en familias F2:F3 del ER observado en F2 para el número de lóculos y la altura de los frutos. Se concluye que fue posible validar en familias F2:F3 QTLs para caracteres de calidad de fruto y la persistencia del ER en su detección.
The sPHENIX Time Projection Chamber Outer Tracker (TPOT) is a Micromegas based detector. It is a part of the sPHENIX experiment that aims to facilitate the calibration of the Time Projection Chamber, ...in particular the correction of the time-averaged and beam-induced distortions of the electron drift. This paper describes the detector mission, setup, construction, installation, commissioning and performance during the first year of sPHENIX data taking.
This document corrects two errors in Eur. Phys. J. C77 (2017) no. 8, 56: the incorrect referencing of Fig. 1 labels in three paragraphs in the results section and a missing acknowledgements section.
•Genotype variation for transcript profiles was found in tomato ripening by cDNA-AFLP.•Differential gene expression supported genetic variability for fruit quality traits.•Gene expression of S. ...pimpinellifolium LA722 is different at early stage of ripening.•A nor mutant homozygote of S. lycopersicum had the lowest polymorphism along ripening.•Genetic control of shelf life is different in wild than in accessions carrying nor gene.
The ripening stage at harvest time determines the tomato fruit quality. After the fruit achieves its maximum size several metabolic changes of typically climacteric fruits are produced. Two cultivated genotypes of Solanum lycopersicum (Caimanta and 804627), with normal and altered fruit ripening, respectively and two accession, LA1385 of S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme and LA722 of S. pimpinellifolium, with genes that prolong fruit shelf life, were tested to: 1) characterize and make a comparatively analysis for the transcriptome at different fruit ripening stages in genotypes that differ in fruit shelf life by cDNA-AFLP; and 2) provide further insight into the relationship between the extreme phenotypic differences for ripening among the genotypes through changes at transcriptomic level. Fruits at the breaker stage (B) were evaluated for fruit weight, firmness and fruit shelf life. The elapsed days between mature green (MG) and breaker stages Days (MG-B) as well as the elapsed days between B and red ripe (RR) stages Days (B-RR) were recorded. Comparison among ripening stages showed a great polymorphism related to the changes in gene expression. For all genotypes the transition from B to RR stages had higher polymorphism than the transition from MG to B. It was observed a great genetic variability for the phenotypic traits in agreement with the changes of gene expression. Moreover, it was observed that the transcriptome expression profiles in the initial and intermediate stages during ripening (MG and B) are more important to characterize genotypes. The wild species which have long shelf life do not show as drastic changes in gene expression as the cultivar with altered ripening that carrythe nor gene. These results suggest that the expressed or silenced genes could be involved, in some way, in the determination of the phenotypic traits evaluated in this study.
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