This study is the first to provide an integrated view on the body of knowledge of artificial intelligence (AI) published in the marketing, consumer research, and psychology literature. By leveraging ...a systematic literature review using a data‐driven approach and quantitative methodology (including bibliographic coupling), this study provides an overview of the emerging intellectual structure of AI research in the three bodies of literature examined. We identified eight topical clusters: (1) memory and computational logic; (2) decision making and cognitive processes; (3) neural networks; (4) machine learning and linguistic analysis; (5) social media and text mining; (6) social media content analytics; (7) technology acceptance and adoption; and (8) big data and robots. Furthermore, we identified a total of 412 theoretical lenses used in these studies with the most frequently used being: (1) the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology; (2) game theory; (3) theory of mind; (4) theory of planned behavior; (5) computational theories; (6) behavioral reasoning theory; (7) decision theories; and (8) evolutionary theory. Finally, we propose a research agenda to advance the scholarly debate on AI in the three literatures studied with an emphasis on cross‐fertilization of theories used across fields, and neglected research topics.
Predictions of nuclear properties far from measured data are inherently inaccurate because of uncertainties in our knowledge of nuclear forces and in our treatment of quantum many-body effects in ...strongly-interacting systems. While the model bias can be directly calculated when experimental data is available, only an estimate can be made in the absence of such measurements. Current approaches to compute the estimated bias quickly lose predictive power when their input variables are taken far from the training region, resulting in uncontrolled uncertainties in applications such as nucleosynthesis simulations. In this letter, we present a novel technique to identify the input variables of machine learning algorithms that can provide robust estimates of model bias. Our process is based on selecting input variables, or features, based on their probability distribution functions across the entire nuclear chart. We illustrate our approach on the problem of quantifying the model bias in nuclear binding energies calculated with Density Functional Theory (DFT). We prove that building model biases with only Z and N as features leads to highly unreliable extrapolations. Conversely, we show that proper feature selection can systematically improve theoretical predictions without increasing uncertainties.
The multidisciplinary management of rectal cancer Keller, Deborah S; Berho, Mariana; Perez, Rodrigo O ...
Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology,
07/2020, Letnik:
17, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Rectal cancer treatment has evolved during the past 40 years with the use of a standardized surgical technique for tumour resection: total mesorectal excision. A dramatic reduction in local ...recurrence rates and improved survival outcomes have been achieved as consequences of a better understanding of the surgical oncology of rectal cancer, and the advent of adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatments to compliment surgery have paved the way for a multidisciplinary approach to disease management. Further improvements in imaging techniques and the ability to identify prognostic factors such as tumour regression, extramural venous invasion and threatened margins have introduced the concept of decision-making based on preoperative staging information. Modern treatment strategies are underpinned by accurate high-resolution imaging guiding both neoadjuvant therapy and precision surgery, followed by meticulous pathological scrutiny identifying the important prognostic factors for adjuvant chemotherapy. Included in these strategies are organ-sparing approaches and watch-and-wait strategies in selected patients. These pathways rely on the close working of interlinked disciplines within a multidisciplinary team. Such multidisciplinary forums are becoming standard in the treatment of rectal cancer across the UK, Europe and, more recently, the USA. This Review examines the essential components of modern-day management of rectal cancer through a multidisciplinary team approach, providing information that is essential for any practising colorectal surgeon to guide the best patient care.
This study aims to understand the drivers behind the usage habits of voice assistants (VAs). To do so, we extend the Technology Acceptance Model in conjunction with the concept of privacy cynicism, a ...cognitive process that remains understudied in the academic literature. The model is validated using PLS analysis through Smart-PLS. Data gathered via MTurk includes 265 actual VAs users. It is observed that ease of use and perceived usefulness have a positive impact on attitude toward the usage of VAs, while privacy cynicism has a negative impact. Moreover, it is found that privacy cynicism has a positive impact on trust based on the usage of VAs. Interestingly, attitudes toward the usage of VAs does not fully explain the consumers' VA usage habits
To review the risk of local recurrence and impact of salvage therapy after Watch and Wait for rectal cancer with complete clinical response (cCR) after chemoradiation therapy (CRT).
Patients with ...cT2-4N0-2M0 distal rectal cancer treated with CRT (50.4-54 Gy + 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy) and cCR at 8 weeks were included. Patients with cCR were enrolled in a strict follow-up program with no immediate surgery (Watch and Wait). Local recurrence-free survival was compared while taking into account Watch and Wait strategy alone and Watch and Wait plus salvage.
90 of 183 patients experienced cCR at initial assessment after CRT (49%). When early tumor regrowths (up to and including the initial 12 months of follow-up) and late recurrences were considered together, 28 patients (31%) experienced local recurrence (median follow-up time, 60 months). Of those, 26 patients underwent salvage therapy, and 2 patients were not amenable to salvage. In 4 patients, local re-recurrence developed after Watch and Wait plus salvage. The overall salvage rate for local recurrence was 93%. Local recurrence-free survival at 5 years was 69% (all local recurrences) and 94% (after salvage procedures). Thirteen patients (14%) experienced systemic recurrence. The 5-year cancer-specific overall survival and disease-free survival for all patients (including all recurrences) were 91% and 68%, respectively.
Local recurrence may develop in 31% of patients with initial cCR when early regrowths (≤ 12 months) and late recurrences are grouped together. More than half of these recurrences develop within 12 months of follow-up. Salvage therapy is possible in ≥ 90% of recurrences, leading to 94% local disease control, with 78% organ preservation.
Abstract
Affect-based studies consider that peoples’ lives and behaviors cannot be entirely grasped and understood by rational choice models. The main goal of this article is to understand how ...factors like sexuality and migration affect the relations between people and spaces. Following Spinoza’s
Ethics
and subsequent interpretations, the article considers that bodies are influenced by previous interactions and act accordingly, and that space is a relational mode of substance perceived through attributes and modes affecting individuals and articulating the relationship of space, sexuality, and migration. This research studies same-sex-attracted men who moved to Tijuana, Mexico. Results show that affects (expressed through actions and passions) inform people’s relations to space based on their valorization of life events and expectations; that the meanings of space are personally constructed, relational, volatile, and invisible to others; and that most interviewees didn’t feel comfortable avowing to the gay identity but identified themselves as such, since, to some extent, gayness can escape from the moral stigma of male-male interaction in Latin America.
Resumen
La teoría basada en los afectos considera que hay comportamientos que no pueden ser completamente entendidos a partir de perspectivas racionales. Este estudio sigue dichas teorías y busca entender la relación entre las personas y los espacios. A partir del análisis de la
Ética
spinozista, considero que los cuerpos están influenciados por interacciones previas que los conducen a actuares específicos; y que el espacio es un modo de substancia percibido a través de atributos y modos que afectan a las personas y a su relación con el espacio, la sexualidad y la migración. Este estudio, enfocado en hombres atraídos por otros hombres, concluye que los afectos (acciones y pasiones) dictan la relación de las personas con el espacio; que el sentido del espacio es personal, relacional, volátil e invisible a otras personas; y que la mayoría de los entrevistados no se sienten cómodos con la identidad “gay”, pero se identifican así pues escapa del estigma en la sociedad mexicana.
I analyze racism in Sydney’s gay sauna scene through decolonial scholarship. In Sydney, there are three gay saunas; each of them caters to specific races and is decorated accordingly. Sauna 1 is ...popular among Asian men and their admirers and has an Oriental-like style. Sauna 2 is popular among white and non-Asian men and has a minimalist style featuring photographs of white, cisgender and muscular men. Sauna 3 is mostly visited by white and Middle Eastern straight-acting men and its décor does not reference race. Both patrons and venue owners are aware of the race dynamics in Sydney’s gay scene and actively reproduce them in the patronage of venues and organization and décor of space. I conclude that Sydney’s gay sauna scene is articulated by a combination of colonial understandings of race and Australian multicultural policies that privilege white and Anglo populations while avoiding explicit references to race.
Abstract
This study draws upon Behavioral Reasoning Theory and the Technology Acceptance Model to investigate consumer engagement with AI‐powered voice assistants. The study creates a theoretical ...model to examine the effects of reasons for and reasons against using voice assistants. This research exemplifies attitudes towards using voice assistants and willingness to provide personal information as key constructs. The current study tests data from 491 voice assistant users via mTurk, and we utilize a multimethod analysis scheme including the partial least squares technique and the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis approach to provide an assessment of the proposed model. Findings indicated that while privacy cynicism has a negative impact upon the attitude towards using voice assistants, the countervailing values of trust, perceived usefulness, and ease of use have off‐setting positive impact. The study also highlights the moderating role of habit on the behavioral mechanisms driving consumer engagement via willingness to provide privacy information. This research advances the emerging literature on voice assistants with respect to privacy‐related factors driving consumer engagement.
To determine whether VDPhys/VT is associated with coagulation activation and outcomes.
We enrolled patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who were supported by invasive mechanical ventilation and were ...monitored using volumetric capnography. Measurements were performed during the first 24 h of mechanical ventilation. The primary endpoint was the likelihood of being discharge alive on day 28.
Sixty patients were enrolled, of which 25 (42%) had high VDPhys/VT (>57%). Patients with high vs. low VDPhys/VT had higher APACHE II (108-13 vs. 86-9 points, p = 0.002), lower static compliance of the respiratory system (3524–46 mL/cmH2O vs. 4237–45 mL/cmH2O, p = 0.005), and higher D-dimer levels (12461050–1594 ng FEU/mL vs. 792538–1159 ng FEU/mL, p = 0.001), without differences in P/F ratio (157112–226 vs. 168136–226, p = 0.719). Additionally, D-dimer levels correlated with VDPhys/VT (r = 0.530, p < 0.001), but not with the P/F ratio (r = −0.103, p = 0.433). Patients with high VDPhys/VT were less likely to be discharged alive on day 28 (32% vs. 71%, aHR = 3.3931.161–9.915, p = 0.026).
In critically ill COVID-19 patients, increased VDPhys/VT was associated with high D-dimer levels and a lower likelihood of being discharged alive. Dichotomic VDPhys/VT could help identify a high-risk subgroup of patients neglected by the P/F ratio.
•An increased respiratory dead space is a frequent finding in COVID-19 ARDS.•Coagulation activation correlates with respiratory dead space in these patients.•A respiratory dead space higher than 57% was associated with worse outcome.
Complete tumor regression may develop after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for distal rectal cancer. Studies have suggested that selected patients with complete clinical response may avoid ...radical surgery and close surveillance may provide good outcomes with no oncologic compromise. However, definition of complete clinical response is often imprecise and may vary between different studies. The aim of this study is to provide a clear definition for a complete clinical response after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy in patients with distal rectal cancer in addition to actual endoscopic videos from patients managed nonoperatively.
Patients with nonmetastatic distal rectal cancer treated by neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy, including 50.4 Gy and concomitant 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin, were assessed for tumor response at least 8 weeks after chemoradiation therapy completion. Complete and incomplete clinical responses were defined based on clinical and endoscopic findings. Patients with complete clinical response were not immediately operated on and were closely followed. Early and late endoscopic findings were recorded.
Definition of a complete clinical response should be based on very strict clinical and endoscopic criteria. The finding of any residual superficial ulceration, irregularity, or nodule should prompt surgical attention, including transanal full-thickness excision or even a radical resection with total mesorectal excision. Standard or incisional biopsies should be avoided in this setting. Complete clinical responders should harbor no more than whitening of the mucosa, teleangiectasia with mucosal integrity to be considered for a nonoperative approach. In the presence of these findings, regularly scheduled reassessments may provide a safe alternative to these patients with early detection of recurrent disease.
Strict definition of the clinical and endoscopic findings of patients experiencing complete clinical response after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy may provide a useful tool for the understanding of outcomes of patients managed with no immediate surgery allowing standardization of classifications and comparison between the experiences of different institutions.
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