À propos de l'origine des cités-royaumes cypriotes connues aux époques archaïque et classique (VIIe-IVe s. av.), trois théories s'affrontent, que l'on peut respectivement appeler la « théorie ...achéenne », la « théorie phénicienne » et la « théorie autochtone ». C'est cette dernière qui actuellement fait consensus. Selon ses défenseurs, les poleis de l'île auraient été constituées en royaumes dès le XIe s. en prenant pour base une organisation politique et socio-économique héritée de l'Âge du Bronze. Dans cet ouvrage, l'auteur entend démontrer que cette vision des choses est erronée et ne se fonde sur aucune évidence archéologique ou textuelle. En dépit d'une certaine hiérarchisation sociale visible dans les ensevelissements, les polities cypriotes du début de l'Âge du Fer (I-II) ne constituent pas des États, mais des entités moins centralisées que l'on peut désigner du terme de « chefferies ». Les différents corrélats anthropologiques de l'État ne sont pas visibles avant la fin du IXe s. C'est surtout au VIIIe s. (Cypro- Géométrique III/ Cypro-Archaïque I) que des changements profonds ont lieu, à la suite des contacts croissants avec les Phéniciens et de leur implantation dans l'île, en particulier de leur installation à Kition. Tout en constituant une entité spécifique (la « civilisation cypriote »), les cités-royaumes insulaires se fondent alors sur un modèle qui leur vient d'Orient. Cette interprétation permet de situer l'apparition de l'État à Chypre dans le même mouvement de diffusion du modèle étatique mis en lumière par la chronologie basse au Levant. Par la même occasion, Chypre devient ainsi un relai entre le Levant et le mondée égéen, lequel, au même moment ou peu après, voit naître la polis.
This book analyses the causes, characteristics and chronology behind the emergence of Iron Age Cypriot city-kingdoms. It suggests the received autochthonous theory is not supported by archaeological ...or textual evidence, and posits a more nuanced variant of the Phoenician theory, placing Cyprus as a relay point between the Levant and Aegean worlds.
Blastocystis sp. is a common intestinal parasite infecting humans and a wide range of animals worldwide. It exhibits an extensive genetic diversity and 17 subtypes (STs) have thus far been identified ...in mammalian and avian hosts. Since several STs are common to humans and animals, it was proposed that a proportion of human infections may result from zoonotic transmission. However, the contribution of each animal source to human infection remains to be clarified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to expand our knowledge of the epidemiology and host specificity of this parasite by performing the largest epidemiological survey ever conducted in animal groups in terms of numbers of species screened. A total of 307 stool samples from 161 mammalian and non-mammalian species in two French zoos were screened by real-time PCR for the presence of Blastocystis sp. Overall, 32.2% of the animal samples and 37.9% of the species tested were shown to be infected with the parasite. A total of 111 animal Blastocystis sp. isolates were subtyped, and 11 of the 17 mammalian and avian STs as well as additional STs previously identified in reptiles and insects were found with a varying prevalence according to animal groups. These data were combined with those obtained from previous surveys to evaluate the potential risk of zoonotic transmission of Blastocystis sp. through the comparison of ST distribution between human and animal hosts. This suggests that non-human primates, artiodactyls and birds may serve as reservoirs for human infection, especially in animal handlers. In contrast, other mammals such as carnivores, and non-mammalian groups including reptiles and insects, do not seem to represent significant sources of Blastocystis sp. infection in humans. In further studies, more intensive sampling and screening of potential new animal hosts will reinforce these statements and expand our understanding of the circulation of Blastocystis sp. in animal and human populations.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, teleconsultation was implemented in clinical practice to limit patient exposure to COVID-19 while monitoring their treatment and follow-up. We sought to examine the ...satisfaction of patients with breast cancer (BC) who underwent teleconsultations during this period.
Eighteen centres in France and Italy invited patients with BC who had at least one teleconsultation during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic to participate in a web-based survey that evaluated their satisfaction (EORTC OUT-PATSAT 35 and Telemedicine Satisfaction Questionnaire TSQ scores) with teleconsultation.
Among the 1299 participants eligible for this analysis, 53% of participants were undergoing standard post-treatment follow-up while 22 and 17% were currently receiving active anticancer therapy for metastatic and localised cancers, respectively. The mean satisfaction scores were 77.4 and 73.3 for the EORTC OUT-PATSAT 35 and TSQ scores, respectively. In all, 52.6% of participants had low/no anxiety. Multivariable analysis showed that the EORTC OUT-PATSAT 35 score correlated to age, anxiety score and teleconsultation modality. The TSQ score correlated to disease status and anxiety score.
Patients with BC were satisfied with oncology teleconsultations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Teleconsultation may be an acceptable alternative follow-up modality in specific circumstances.
To better understand the relationship between tumor-host interactions and the efficacy of chemotherapy, we have developed an analytical approach to quantify several biological processes observed in ...gene expression data sets. We tested the approach on tumor biopsies from individuals with estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer treated with chemotherapy. We report that increased stromal gene expression predicts resistance to preoperative chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide (FEC) in subjects in the EORTC 10994/BIG 00-01 trial. The predictive value of the stromal signature was successfully validated in two independent cohorts of subjects who received chemotherapy but not in an untreated control group, indicating that the signature is predictive rather than prognostic. The genes in the signature are expressed in reactive stroma, according to reanalysis of data from microdissected breast tumor samples. These findings identify a previously undescribed resistance mechanism to FEC treatment and suggest that antistromal agents may offer new ways to overcome resistance to chemotherapy.
À maintes reprises dans ses publications, M.-C. Villanueva-Puig a noté la présence massive, à partir du VIe siècle a. C., de scènes dionysiaques sur des lécythes attiques à destination funéraire. ...Elle y voit « une certaine image de la félicité, comme une forme d’espoir pour le monde de l’Au-delà, aussi vague soit-il » et une « promesse de vie bienheureuse » pour l’Outre-tombe. Mais on remarque aussi, sur ces mêmes supports, ainsi que sur d’autres types de vases trouvés en contexte funéraire, ...
Summary Background Bevacizumab and trastuzumab are efficacious for treatment of advanced or HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer; however, few data exist for this regimen in inflammatory breast ...cancer. In our phase 2 trial, we aimed to assess efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant bevacizumab combined with trastuzumab and chemotherapy in patients with primary HER2-positive inflammatory breast cancer. Methods In our phase 2, multicentre, open-label, single-arm, non-comparative trial, we enrolled women (aged ≥18 years) with histologically confirmed HER2-positive non-metastatic inflammatory breast cancer at private or public oncology centres in France. Before surgery, patients were treated with fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide, and bevacizumab (cycles 1–4) and docetaxel, bevacizumab, and trastuzumab (cycles 5–8) in 3-week cycles. After surgery, patients received adjuvant radiotherapy, trastuzumab, and bevacizumab. For the primary endpoint, we assessed the proportion of patients who achieved a pathological complete response (defined by central review of surgical specimens according to Sataloff classification, counting missing data as failure) and adverse events in all enrolled patients. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT00717405. Findings Between Oct 23, 2008, and Oct 28, 2009, we enrolled 52 patients at 21 centres. 42 (81%) of 52 patients received all eight cycles of neoadjuvant therapy and 49 (94%) underwent surgery. After neoadjuvant therapy, 33 of 52 patients had a pathological complete response according to central review (63·5%, 95% CI 49·4–77·5). The most common adverse events were asthenia and nausea (both occurred in 36 69% of 52 patients). 25 (48%) patients had grade 3–4 neutropenia, which was the most common grade 3–4 adverse event. Only one grade 3 or worse adverse event regarded as related to bevacizumab was reported (hypertension, one patient). Four patients (8%) had cardiac failure. Interpretation Neoadjuvant treatment with bevacizumab, trastuzumab, and chemotherapy was efficacious and well tolerated in patients with previously untreated primary inflammatory breast cancer. Further confirmation of use of bevacizumab in inflammatory breast cancer is needed. Funding Roche (France).
In patients treated with cardiotoxic chemotherapies, the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and previous cardiac disease have been strongly correlated to the onset of cardiotoxicity. The ...influence of overweight and obesity as risk factors in the development of treatment-related cardiotoxicity in breast cancer (BC) was recently suggested. However, due to meta-analysis design, it was not possible to take into account associated cardiac risk factors or other classic risk factors for anthracycline (antineoplastic antibiotic) and trastuzumab (monoclonal antibody) cardiotoxicity.
Using prospective data collected from 2012-2014 in the French national multicenter prospective CANTO (CANcer TOxicities) study of 26 French cancer centers, we aimed to examine the association of body mass index (BMI) and cardiotoxicity (defined as a reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction LVEF > 10 percentage points from baseline to LVEF < 50%). In total, 929 patients with stage I-III BC (mean age 52 ± 11 years, mean BMI 25.6 ± 5.1 kg/m2, 42% with 1 or more cardiovascular risk factors) treated with anthracycline (86% epirubicin, 7% doxorubicin) and/or trastuzumab (36%), with LVEF measurement at baseline and at least 1 assessment post-chemotherapy were eligible in this interim analysis. We analyzed associations between BMI and cardiotoxicity using multivariate logistic regression. At baseline, nearly 50% of the study population was overweight or obese. During a mean follow-up of 22 ± 2 months following treatment completion, cardiotoxicity occurred in 29 patients (3.2%). The obese group was more prone to cardiotoxicity than the normal-weight group (9/171 versus 8/466; p = 0.01). In multivariate analysis, obesity (odds ratio OR 3.02; 95% CI 1.10-8.25; p = 0.03) and administration of trastuzumab (OR 12.12; 95% CI 3.6-40.4; p < 0.001) were independently associated with cardiotoxicity. Selection bias and relatively short follow-up are potential limitations of this national multicenter observational cohort.
In BC patients, obesity appears to be associated with an important increase in risk-related cardiotoxicity (CANTO, ClinicalTrials.gov registry ID: NCT01993498).
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01993498.
Let R be a ring with
whose unit group is denoted by
G a group with involution
and
a nontrivial group homomorphism, with
satisfying
for all
Let RG be the group ring of G over R and define the ...involution
in RG by
In this article, we will classify the group rings RG such that
is anticommutative, where
is the largest subset of
that can satisfy anticommutativity under
Besides that, previous results about
or
will be extended.
Communicated by S. Sehgal
PDF
