Članek je posvečen vprašanju, katere vire je pri pisanju svoje Cerkvene zgodovine oziroma dodatka k prevodu Evzebijevega istoimenskega dela uporabljal Rufin iz Akvileje. Iz samega besedila izhaja, da ...je uporabljal tako ustne kot pisne vire, pri čemer Rufin prve večkrat navaja, drugih pa skorajda ne. Kljub temu je danes moč zanesljivo reči, da se je pri pisanju opiral na številne tako latinske kot grške vire. Rufinov ugled na področju (cerkvene) zgodovine je v zadnjem stoletju precej omajala teza, da je za večji del svojega dodatka enostavno prevedel danes izgubljeno cerkveno zgodovino Gelazija iz Cezareje. Ker naj bi bilo vsebino slednje moč rekonstruirati iz kasnejših grških virov, je Rufinov dodatek v strokovnih krogih deležen manj pozornosti, kot si kljub svojim pomanjkljivostim zasluži. Članek se tako osredotoča predvsem na dva vidika Rufinovih pisnih virov — na vprašanje njegove odvisnosti od Gelazija in na vprašanje, za katere pisne vire dejansko lahko rečemo, da jih je uporabljal.
Članek obravnava koledarski ekskurz iz Makrobijevih Saturnalij. To antikvarno delo iz prve polovice 5. stoletja vsebuje dva pasusa, posvečena koledarskim vprašanjem (Sat. 1.3 in 1.12.16), ki sta ...predvsem zaradi virov, na katerih temeljita, kot tudi zaradi obširnega prikaza še danes nepogrešljiv vir za preučevanje rimskega koledarja. Vsebujeta namreč številne podatke, ki manjkajo v primerljivih pasusih pri Cenzorinu in Solinu. V članku se najprej posvečam avtorju Saturnalij, Makrobiju Ambroziju Teodoziju. Po predstavitvi Saturnalij in njihove strukture se težišče članka prenese na osvetlitev koledarskega pasusa in na njegovo umestitev v Saturnalije. V tem delu skušam pokazati, zakaj je Makrobij omenjal določene stvari in v kolikšni meri zapisano drži oziroma je plod kasnejše antikvarne literature, na podlagi katere je Makrobij pisal.
The paper presents the many corrupt or suspect practices encountered by Quintus Aurelius Symmachus, a prominent senator of the late 4th century, in his capacity as city prefect (384/5). These ...practices afford some insight into the functioning of Late Antique interest-based networks, which enabled individuals or groups to influence and hamper the work of the imperial administration.
Cicero: O državi. Uvod Petrič, Matej
Keria (Ljubljana.),
02/2018, Letnik:
19, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
De re publica je delo, ki sodi med trojico spisov (skupaj z De oratore in De legibus), v katerih je Cicero predstavil svoje mišljenje o tem, kakšna mora biti dobro urejena država in kakšni možje naj ...jo vodijo. Najprej je leta 55 izdal spis O govorniku, z Državo se je – kot je moč rekonstruirati iz njegovih pisem – ukvarjal med leti 54 in 51, svoje delo o zakonih pa je sestavljal nekako v istem obdobju – med 53 in 51 pr. Kr.
The paper presents the many corrupt or suspect practices encountered by Quintus Aurelius Symmachus, a prominent senator of the late 4th century, in his capacity as city prefect (384/5). These ...practices afford some insight into the functioning of Late Antique interest-based networks, which enabled individuals or groups to influence and hamper the work of the imperial administration.
Trajna sklonost i potreba čovjeka da se s drugim poveže u savršeno jedno teologija prepoznaje kao posljedicu stvorenosti na sliku Boga koji je u sebi trojstveno zajedništvo. Na međusobno prožimanje i ...suživljenje različitih koji ne gube vlastitosti a postaju savršeno jedno (kao osobe u Trojstvu), ukazuje drevni, u suvremenoj trinitarnoj teologiji oživljeni, pojam perihoreza. U prvom poglavlju ovoga rada donosi se kratak povijesno-teološki razvoj toga pojma te se ukazuje na njegovu aktualnost i primjenjivost unutar suvremene antropologije koju se, jer promatra čovjeka kao osobu sposobnu za zajedništvo po uzoru na trojstveno perihoretsko zajedništvo, naziva i perihoretskom antropologijom. U drugom dijelu rada elementi takve antropologije prepoznaju se i filološki iščitavaju u tekstu Isusove velikosvećeničke molitve (Iv 17,1-26), izvlače se i uočavaju zanimljive teološke premise i stvaraju orisi za perihoretsku teologiju ovoga teksta. Prepoznaje se kako ivanovska teološka uporaba grčkoga perfekta upućuje na bezvremensku i nadegzistencijsku dimenziju te molitve, a gramatička igra »perihoretskih« pasivâ (kenotički i eshatološki) i»perihoretskih« mediopasivâ (ontološki i ekumenski) izražava međusobno prožimanje trinitarne i antropološke perihoreze u Isusovu govoru o proslavi (teologija »kenotičke proslave«), punini radosti božanskih i ljudskih osoba, Očevu posvećivanju Sina i ljudî te, naposljetku, o uzajamnoj trinitarnoj i antropološkoj aktivnosti u nastojanju da bude savršeno jedinstvo među ljudima, a zatim i ljudî sa savršeno jednim Bogom. Uz to, razlučuje se i otkriva kako su Očevo ime i Očeva osoba teološki sinonimi, pa se teološkom sinonimizacijom pojmova ime i osoba pokušava definirati osobu kao kategoriju perihoretskih zakonitosti (biti osoba kao odjekivati u drugome). U sadržaju velikosvećeničke molitve razotkriva se i snažna teološka poruka glagola didōmi (predati, dati), koji najsnažnije opisuje perihoretski odnos unutar Trojstva, kao odnos predanja jedne božanske osobe drugoj, a zatim i ljudima u događaju križa (teologija predanja). U trećem se dijelu nastoji suvremenu humanističku misao sagledati u svjetlu perihoretske antropologije, i to na način da se teološki glagol didōmi (predati, dati), suprotstavlja suvremenoj neohumanističkoj etici emotivizma, a tri teološko-antropološka motiva (život, istina i ljubav), razabrana kao teološka poruka Isusove velikosvećeničke molitve, ovdje se prepoznaju kao ključni za cjelovit antropološki govor, osobito kao govor o eklezijalnoj perihorezi i koncilskoj ekleziologiji zajedništva po uzoru na trinitarni communio.
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•A critical analysis of legislation on karst water sources protection was prepared.•A disagreement in current protection approaches for karst water sources was proved.•For adequate ...protection detailed exploration and in-depth knowledge is crucial.•The application of a multi-methodological approach instead is justified.•Legal adoption of novel strategies for improved protection in karst is required.
Karst water sources already meet about a quarter of the world's drinking water needs, and their importance is growing. Due to the complexity of water flow in carbonate aquifers, karst water sources require particularly appropriate protection. The scientific literature lacks analytical evidence of the effects of the current legislative frameworks and improved methodological approaches for ecological indications to design alternative strategies. This gap is addressed in the present study, which draws on a combination of investigation methods considering specifics of water flow in karst and on a comprehensive database of general knowledge to gain relevant understanding of the hydrological system functioning. An advanced, multi-methodological approach, which was developed in this study and includes geological and hydrogeological mapping, spring monitoring, tracer tests, water balance and groundwater vulnerability assessment, enabled achievement of optimized indicators for the adequate karst water source protection measures. It demonstrates, that protection zoning based solely on fundamental hydrogeological knowledge, general prediction of groundwater residence times or distance criteria may lead to a high degree of imprecision. Currently valid protection measures may therefore generally be associated with great uncertainties and the high vulnerability of karst areas may be underestimated. In addition to the existing legal requirements for karst water source protection zoning, environmental indicators such as natural and artificial tracers should be considered, which most reliably confirm the directions and characteristics of groundwater flow in karst. Similarly, mapping of groundwater vulnerability to contamination can be of particular importance for the implementation of freshwater protection and spatial planning at least in karst-rich countries. The approach enables scientists to gain relevant insights into the functioning of the hydrological system and environmental managers to protect karst water sources.
The karst environment presents a special challenge when it comes to identifying groundwater/surface-water interactions. Existing definitions of areas of regular flooding in karst regions are too ...general and lack a measurable approach for the determination of flood-liable land. This paper proposes a means of specific definition and quantitative determination of intermittently flooded karst areas, which takes into account the extent, duration and frequency of flooding, and includes the identification of data sources and processing methods. The procedure, involving spatial layers, was developed using a pilot area and tested in three additional areas in Slovenia. The derived definition determines that flood-liable land within karst poljes and intermittent lakes comprise areas where stagnant water or stream overflow is present for at least 10 days/year over a period of 30 years, and these waters have direct contact with groundwater. The results show that the proposed procedure is applicable to areas with different geomorphological settings and to areas where the quantity and quality of available data vary. The study is an example of the practical application of knowledge on karst, as the findings can be used for short-term purposes (mapping flood areas, determination of habitats) and long-term purposes (study of impacts of environmental changes). Attention should be drawn to the lack of available data and the fact that the national networks of hydrological observatories are often too sparse for this purpose. This study raises awareness of these shortcomings and improves the planning or expansion of such a network in collaboration with experts.
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