Naringenin is a flavonoid belonging to flavanones subclass. It is widely distributed in several
fruits, bergamot, tomatoes and other fruits, being also found in its glycosides form (mainly naringin). ...Several biological activities have been ascribed to this phytochemical, among them antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiadipogenic and cardioprotective effects. Nonetheless, most of the data reported have been obtained from
or
studies. Although some clinical studies have also been performed, the main focus is on naringenin bioavailability and cardioprotective action. In addition, these studies were done in compromised patients (i.e., hypercholesterolemic and overweight), with a dosage ranging between 600 and 800 μM/day, whereas the effect on healthy volunteers is still debatable. In fact, naringenin ability to improve endothelial function has been well-established. Indeed, the currently available data are very promising, but further research on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects is encouraged to improve both available production and delivery methods and to achieve feasible naringenin-based clinical formulations.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the use of mathematical algorithms to mimic human cognitive abilities and to address difficult healthcare challenges including complex biological abnormalities like ...cancer. The exponential growth of AI in the last decade is evidenced to be the potential platform for optimal decision-making by super-intelligence, where the human mind is limited to process huge data in a narrow time range. Cancer is a complex and multifaced disorder with thousands of genetic and epigenetic variations. AI-based algorithms hold great promise to pave the way to identify these genetic mutations and aberrant protein interactions at a very early stage. Modern biomedical research is also focused to bring AI technology to the clinics safely and ethically. AI-based assistance to pathologists and physicians could be the great leap forward towards prediction for disease risk, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatments. Clinical applications of AI and Machine Learning (ML) in cancer diagnosis and treatment are the future of medical guidance towards faster mapping of a new treatment for every individual. By using AI base system approach, researchers can collaborate in real-time and share knowledge digitally to potentially heal millions. In this review, we focused to present game-changing technology of the future in clinics, by connecting biology with Artificial Intelligence and explain how AI-based assistance help oncologist for precise treatment.
Medicinal plants and their derived compounds have drawn the attention of researchers due to their considerable impact on human health. Among medicinal plants, mint (
species) exhibits multiple health ...beneficial properties, such as prevention from cancer development and anti-obesity, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and cardioprotective effects, as a result of its antioxidant potential, combined with low toxicity and high efficacy.
species are widely used in savory dishes, food, beverages, and confectionary products. Phytochemicals derived from mint also showed anticancer activity against different types of human cancers such as cervix, lung, breast and many others. Mint essential oils show a great cytotoxicity potential, by modulating MAPK and PI3k/Akt pathways; they also induce apoptosis, suppress invasion and migration potential of cancer cells lines along with cell cycle arrest, upregulation of Bax and p53 genes, modulation of TNF, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-8, and induction of senescence phenotype. Essential oils from mint have also been found to exert antibacterial activities against
,
,
, and many others. The current review highlights the antimicrobial role of mint-derived compounds and essential oils with a special emphasis on anticancer activities, clinical data and adverse effects displayed by such versatile plants.
Cancer is a multifactorial disease, and therefore, a multitarget approach is needed to face the complex cancer biology, based on the combined use of different natural and synthetic anticancer agents ...able to target synergistically multiple signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis, including angiogenesis and metastasis. In this view, the plant kingdom represents an unlimited source of phytotherapeutics with promising perspectives in the field of anticancer drug discovery. This narrative review aims to provide an updated overview on the bioactive phytochemicals exhibiting a promising potential as adjuvants in conventional anticancer therapies, with emphasis on antiangiogenic and antimetastatic activities.
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the main bioactive component of catechins predominantly present in various types of tea. EGCG is well known for a wide spectrum of biological activities as an ...anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor agent. The effect of EGCG on cell death mechanisms via the induction of apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy has been documented. Moreover, its anti-proliferative action has been demonstrated in many cancer cell lines. It was also involved in the modulation of cyclooxygenase-2, oxidative stress and inflammation of different cellular processes. EGCG has been reported as a promising agent target for plasma membrane proteins, such as epidermal growth factor receptor. In addition, it has been demonstrated a mechanism of action relying on the inhibition of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, NF-κB, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Furthermore, EGCG and its derivatives were used in proteasome inhibition and they were involved in epigenetic mechanisms. In summary, EGCG is the most predominant and bioactive constituent of tea and may play a role in cancer prevention.
The genus
Dorema
(Apiaceae) comprises 12 accepted species, mainly growing in Asia and, particularly, in Iran, where
D. ammoniacum
and
D. aucheri
are the most used species in cuisine and folk ...medicine. The
Dorema
species are traditionally applied in the treatment of catarrh, asthma, chronic bronchitis, as carminative, mild diuretic and anthelmintic agents. In general, 42 non-volatile secondary metabolites were isolated from the 6 studied species, namely
D. aitchisonii, D. ammoniacum
,
D. aucheri
,
D. glabrum
,
D. hyrcanum
, and
D. kopetdaghense
. Among them, phenolic acid, flavonoid, acetophenone, coumarin, and sesquiterpene derivatives were identified as the predominant phytoconstituents. The leaves are characterized by the highest volatile content, and the sesquiterpenes in both hydrocarbon and oxygenated forms were reported as the most abundant compounds. Most of the studied pharmacological activities were assessed in vivo. Nevertheless, in vitro antiradical and antimicrobial potentials were the main investigated activities. Overall, the evaluation of bioactivities confirmed the ethnopharmacological use of the
Dorema
species, particularly their anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and hypolipidemic properties. This study comprehensively overviewed, for the first time, the literature relating to the folk medicinal use and to the available phytochemical and pharmacological data. Considering the genus application and the rare clinical trials, the study of the efficacy and safety of the uninvestigated
Dorema
species might be an interesting and promising approach for further researches.
Synergy is a process in which some substances cooperate to reach a combined effect that is greater than the sum of their separate effects. It can be considered a natural "straight" strategy which has ...evolved by nature to obtain more efficacy at low cost. In this regard, synergistic effects may be observed in the interaction between herbal products and conventional drugs or biochemical compounds. It is important to identify and exploit these interactions since any improvement brought by such kind of process can be advantageously used to treat human disorders. Even in a complex disease such as cancer, positive synergistic plant-drug interactions should be investigated to achieve the best outcomes, including providing a greater benefit to patients or avoiding adverse side effects. This review analyzes and summarizes the current knowledge on the synergistic effects of plant-drug interactions with a focus on anticancer strategies.
Introduction
The dramatic increase in multidrug-resistance of
Clostridioides difficile
isolates has led to the search for new complementary medicines against
C. difficile
infection (CDI). In this ...study, we aimed to examine the inhibitory effects of hydroethanolic extract of
Mentha longifolia
L. (ETOH-ML) on the growth of
C. difficile
RT001 and its toxigenic cell-free supernatant (Tox-S)-induced inflammation and apoptosis.
Methods
The active phytochemical components of ETOH-ML were detected using GC and HPLC. The antimicrobial properties of the extract were examined against
C. difficile
RT001. Furthermore, cell viability and cytotoxicity of Caco-2 and Vero cells treated with various concentrations of ETOH-ML, Tox-S of
C. difficile
RT001, and their combination were assessed. Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities of ETOH-ML were explored in Tox-S stimulated Caco-2 cells using RT-qPCR.
Results
Based on our results, rosmarinic acid was the main phytochemical component of ETOH-ML. The extract showed significant antimicrobial activity against
C. difficile
RT001 by agar dilution and broth microdilution methods. Moreover, ETOH-ML at concentrations of <25 μg/ml had no significant effect on cell viability compared to untreated cells. Treatment cells with the extract (10 or 25 μg/ml) significantly increased the cell viability and reduced the percentage of cell rounding in Caco-2 and Vero cells treated by Tox-S, respectively (
P
< 0.0001). Co-treatment of Tox-S stimulated Caco-2 cells with ETOH-ML showed significant anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities by downregulating the gene expression level of IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, TGF-β, NF-κB, Bax, and caspase-3, while upregulating the expression level of Bcl-2.
Discussion
Our results demonstrated for the first time the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects of
M. longifolia
extract on
C. difficile
RT001 and its Tox-S. However, further research is needed to evaluate the potential application of
M. longifolia
extract on CDI treatment in clinical setting.
Background: Since ancient time nature has been used as the main source of herbal medicines. Even today many drugs derive or are elaborated from environmental flora. Of note natural products are ...fundamental sources of new anticancer drugs. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world and the fight against it still open and need every possible resources, including herbal product, which should be scientifically and deeply studied. New information: Saxifraga aizoides extract (SAE) has been never tested in preclinical tumor cell models.
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