In the early nineteenth century, critics like Zebulon Pike and Washington Irving viewed the West as a "dumping ground" for free blacks and Native Americans, a place where they could be segregated ...from the white communities east of the Mississippi River. But as immigrant populations and industrialization took hold in the East, white Americans began to view the West as a "refuge for real whites." The West had the most diverse population in the nation with substantial numbers of American Indians, Hispanics, and Asians, but Anglo-Americans could control these mostly disenfranchised peoples and enjoy the privileges of power while celebrating their presence as providing a unique regional character. The first comprehensive study to examine the construction of white racial identity in the West, Making the White Man's West shows how these two visions of the West shaped the history of the region and influenced a variety of contemporary social issues in the West today.This title was made Open Access by libraries from around the world through Knowledge Unlatched.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer with high mortality, due to late diagnosis and limited treatment options. Blood miRNAs, which circulate in a highly stable, cell-free ...form, show promise as novel potential biomarkers for early detection of HCC. Whole miRNome profiling was performed to identify deregulated miRNAs between HCC and normal healthy (NH) volunteers. These deregulated miRNAs were validated in an independent cohort of HCC, NH and chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) volunteers and finally in a 3
cohort comprising NH, CHB, cirrhotic and HCC volunteers to evaluate miRNA changes during disease progression. The associations between circulating miRNAs and liver-damage markers, clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes were analysed to identify prognostic markers. Twelve miRNAs are differentially expressed between HCC and NH individuals in all three cohorts. Five upregulated miRNAs (miR-122-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-885-5p, miR-100-5p and miR-148a-3p) in CHB, cirrhosis and HCC patients are potential biomarkers for CHB infection, while miR-34a-5p can be a biomarker for cirrhosis. Notably, four miRNAs (miR-1972, miR-193a-5p, miR-214-3p and miR-365a-3p) can distinguish HCC from other non-HCC individuals. Six miRNAs are potential prognostic markers for overall survival.
Measurement of Collagen and Smooth Muscle Cell Content in Atherosclerotic Plaques Using Polarization Sensation Optical Coherence Tomography Seemantini K. Nadkarni, Mark C. Pierce, B. Hyle Park, ...Johannes F. de Boer, Peter Whittaker, Brett E. Bouma, Jason E. Bressner, Elkan Halpern, Stuart L. Houser, Guillermo J. Tearney We investigated a recently developed technique termed polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PSOCT) for evaluating collagen and smooth muscle cell (SMC) content in atherosclerotic plaques. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography images were obtained from human cadaveric aortas, and the spatially averaged PSOCT birefringence was measured. A high positive correlation was observed between PSOCT birefringence and total collagen content in all plaques and in fibrous caps of necrotic core fibroatheromas. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography birefringence demonstrated a strong positive correlation with thick collagen fiber content and SMC density. Our results demonstrate that PSOCT provides information about plaque collagen and SMC content, which are important indicators of rupture risk.
In the early nineteenth century, critics like Zebulon Pike and Washington Irving viewed the West as a “dumping ground” for free blacks and Native Americans, a place where they could be segregated ...from the white communities east of the Mississippi River. But as immigrant populations and industrialization took hold in the East, white Americans began to view the West as a “refuge for real whites.” The West had the most diverse population in the nation with substantial numbers of American Indians, Hispanics, and Asians, but Anglo-Americans could control these mostly disenfranchised peoples and enjoy the privileges of power while celebrating their presence as providing a unique regional character. The first comprehensive study to examine the construction of white racial identity in the West, Making the White Man’s West shows how these two visions of the West shaped the history of the region and influenced a variety of contemporary social issues in the West today. This title was made Open Access by libraries from around the world through Knowledge Unlatched.
Abstract Background Curative liver resection is the treatment of choice for both primary and secondary liver malignancies. However, an inadequate future liver remnant (FLR) frequently precludes ...successful surgery. Portal vein embolization is the gold-standard modality for inducing hypertrophy of the FLR. In recent times, unilobar Yttrium-90 selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) has been reported to induce hypertrophy of the contralateral, untreated liver lobe. The aim of this study is to review the current literature reporting on contralateral liver hypertrophy induced by unilobar SIRT. Methods A systematic review of the English-language literature between 2000 and 2014 was performed using the search terms “Yttrium 90” OR “selective internal radiation therapy” OR “radioembolization” AND “hypertrophy”. Results Seven studies, reporting on 312 patients, were included. Two hundred and eighty four patients (91.0%) received treatment to the right lobe. Two hundred and fifteen patients had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 12 had intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and 85 had liver metastases from mixed primaries. Y90 SIRT resulted in contralateral liver hypertrophy which ranged from 26 to 47% at 44 days–9 months. All studies were retrospective in nature, and heterogeneous, with substantial variations relative to pathology treated, underlying liver disease, dosage and delivery of Y90, number of treatment sessions and time to measurement of hypertrophy. Conclusion Unilobar Y90 SIRT results in significant hypertrophy of the contralateral liver lobe. The rate of hypertrophy seems to be slower than that achieved by other methods.
Texans themselves have been ambivalent about honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa), changing their attitudes toward it over the century and half of Anglo American occupation. On first encountering the ...mesquite, Anglo Texans struggled to comprehend it, but by the late 19th century they saw it as a symbol of a developing and maturing state with an untapped economic potential. However, as the species continued to spread it came to be regarded as a nuisance, and efforts to control it began in the 1920s and '30s. After years of opprobrium, however, some Texans have risen in defense of the mesquite and its considerable virtues. The plant produces edible beans for livestock and people, potentially useful sap, desirable wood for furniture, and provides a rich flavor for the state's famous barbeque. The species also features prominently in Texans' interpretations of their state and themselves. Here, Pierce discusses the story of mesquite's conquest of Texas that illustrates how people change the environment around them, and how they, in turn, are changed by it. The mesquite, in short, is a plant Texans enthusiastically love to hate and but also hate to love.
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