As part of its HL-LHC upgrade program, the CMS Collaboration is developing a High Granularity Calorimeter (CE) to replace the existing endcap calorimeters. The CE is a sampling calorimeter with ...unprecedented transverse and longitudinal readout for both electromagnetic (CE-E) and hadronic (CE-H) compartments. The calorimeter will be built with \(\sim\)30,000 hexagonal silicon modules. Prototype modules have been constructed with 6-inch hexagonal silicon sensors with cell areas of 1.1~\(cm^2\), and the SKIROC2-CMS readout ASIC. Beam tests of different sampling configurations were conducted with the prototype modules at DESY and CERN in 2017 and 2018. This paper describes the construction and commissioning of the CE calorimeter prototype, the silicon modules used in the construction, their basic performance, and the methods used for their calibration.
The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC will be upgraded to accommodate the 5-fold increase in the instantaneous luminosity expected at the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). Concomitant with this increase ...will be an increase in the number of interactions in each bunch crossing and a significant increase in the total ionising dose and fluence. One part of this upgrade is the replacement of the current endcap calorimeters with a high granularity sampling calorimeter equipped with silicon sensors, designed to manage the high collision rates. As part of the development of this calorimeter, a series of beam tests have been conducted with different sampling configurations using prototype segmented silicon detectors. In the most recent of these tests, conducted in late 2018 at the CERN SPS, the performance of a prototype calorimeter equipped with \({\approx}12,000\rm{~channels}\) of silicon sensors was studied with beams of high-energy electrons, pions and muons. This paper describes the custom-built scalable data acquisition system that was built with readily available FPGA mezzanines and low-cost Raspberry PI computers.
Objective:Admission in the intensive care unit of the old patient with coronavirus disease 19 raises an ethical question concerning the scarce resources and their short-term ...mortality.Methods:Patients aged over 60 from 7 different intensive care units admitted between March 1, 2020 and May 6, 2020, with a diagnosis of coronavirus disease 19 were included in the cohort. Twenty variables were collected during the admission, such as age, severity (Simplified Acute Physiology Score SAPS II), several data on physiological status before intensive care unit comorbidities, evaluation of autonomy, frailty, and biological variables. The objective was to model the 30-day mortality with relevant variables, compute their odds ratio associated with their 95% CI, and produce a nomogram to easily estimate and communicate the 30-day mortality. The performance of the model was estimated with the area under the receiving operating curve.Results:We included 231 patients, among them 60 (26.0%) patients have died on the 30th day. The relevant variables selected to explain the 30-day mortality were Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) score (0.82 0.71-0.94), age 1.12 (1.07-1.18), SAPS II 1.05 (1.02-1.08), and dementia 6.22 (1.00-38.58). A nomogram was computed to visually represent the final model. Area under the receiving operating curve was at 0.833 (0.776-0.889).Conclusions:Age, autonomy, dementia, and severity at admission were important predictive variables for the 30-day mortality status, and the nomogram could help the physician in the decision-making process and the communication with the family.
Étude du décrochage scolaire en trois parties. La première donne l'état des lieux du décrochage et des savoirs sur la déscolarisation. La deuxième renvoie aux modèles d'analyse des expérimentations ...et aux leçons à en tirer. La troisième traite des trajectoires individuelles et des dispositifs singuliers de lutte contre le décrochage scolaire.
As the data on the association of mental disorders and chronic physical diseases in developing and emerging countries is heterogeneous, this study aims to produce the first meta-analysis of these ...comorbidities.
The meta-analysis protocol was registered in PROSPERO (N°CRD42017056521) and was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Initially, an article search was conducted on Medline, Embase, Lilacs and the Institut d'Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale database Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, as well as manually, with no restriction on language or date focusing on mental disorders, chronic diseases and neurotropic diseases. Two independent investigators assessed the quality of the studies which met the inclusion criteria using the Downs and Black assessment grid. The pooled estimates were calculated out using a random-effects method with CMA software Version 3.0. A meta-regression was then performed, and the significance level was set at 0.05.
Of the 2604 articles identified, 40 articles involving 21,747 subjects met the inclusion criteria for co-morbidities between mental disorders and chronic physical diseases. Thirty-one articles were included in the meta-analysis of prevalence studies and 9 articles in that of the analytical studies. The pooled prevalence of mental disorders in patients with chronic physical diseases was 36.6% (95% CI, 31.4-42.1) and the pooled odds ratio was 3.1 (95% CI, 1.7-5.2). There was heterogeneity in all the estimates and in some cases, this was explained by the quality of the studies.
Some estimates regarding the prevalence of mental disorders in people with chronic physical diseases living in developing and emerging countries were similar to those in developed countries. Mental disorders are a burden in these countries. In order to respond effectively and efficiently to the morbidity and mortality associated with them, mental health care could be integrated with physical care.
Aims
Phytoremediation of soil contaminated by trace elements is a technology using plants and microorganisms to sequester, inactivate, or extract contaminants from the soil. The assemblage formed by ...the partnership between plants and microorganisms is referred to as the plant holobiont concept. Among holobiont microorganisms, endophytes are associated with the plant at its earliest growth stage and are localized inside plant tissues. While plant tissues shelter endophytic microbial communities, mutualistic endophytes have shown a potential for plant growth promotion that will deeply and durably benefit the plant holobiont. In this review, we describe the state-of-the-art knowledge of the endophytes’ role in plant growth promotion and the prospects for phytoremediation technologies.
Results
Mutualistic symbionts have been demonstrated to improve plant growth, germination and yield. Indeed, they improve plant nutrition, increase plant resistance to bio-aggressors and stimulate plant metabolite productions. Research has shown that endophytes improve plant performance especially under extreme conditions such as drought, nitrogen deficiency, salinity and exposition to metal phytotoxicity. Endophyte inoculation has shown potential for plant growth promotion and has increased metal translocation in hyperaccumulator shoots by mitigating stresses from contaminated and naturally metal-rich soils.
Conclusions
Endophytes have demonstrated their potential to enhance the plant’s physiological status under metallic stress, the growth of both roots and shoots, as well as increasing metal uptake in the shoot biomass of a wide diversity of hyperaccumulating plants. Endophyte-assisted phytoremediation is a promising technology for the remediation of polluted or naturally metal-rich soils.
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