Vitiligo pathophysiology is mediated by antigen‐specific cytotoxic T cells. Environmental stressors cause susceptible melanocytes to secrete damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs are ...recognized by receptors such as the endocytic low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein (LRP1/CD91), expressed in antigen‐presenting cells, which activate self‐reactive CD8+ T cells, leading to melanocyte destruction. Within this response, interferon gamma triggers production of cytokine CXCL10, recruiting more activated T cells causing further melanocytic damage. We hypothesized that expression of LRP1/CD91 was higher in vitiligo patients compared to non‐vitiligo individuals. And further that levels/expression of CXCL10 in plasma were linked to disease severity. We enrolled forty individuals in this study: 18 patients with vitiligo and 22 healthy volunteers. We assessed LRP1/CD91 expression and plasma CXCL10 in patients with vitiligo and healthy volunteers. Additionally, vitiligo patients received combined treatment for 16 weeks following which the said parameters were reassessed. Vitiligo Area Scoring Index was calculated before and after treatment for these patients. Analysis of LRP1/CD91 MFI values in monocytes from vitiligo patients showed high surface levels of LRP1/CD91 than from healthy volunteers (10.50 ± 0.77 vs. 6.55 ± 0.77 MFI units, p < 0.001). This expression did not change after treatment. Plasma levels of CXCL10 were higher in vitiligo patients than healthy volunteers (93.78 ± 7.73 vs. 40.17 ± 6.25 pg/ml). The patients with a good clinical response to treatment had a parallel reduction in plasma CXCL10 levels (105.8 ± 18.44 vs. 66.13 ± 4.87 pg/ml) before and after treatment. LRP1/CD91 expression may reflect susceptibility to vitiligo. Plasma levels of CXCL10 can represent a biomarker for monitoring treatment response. LRP1 and CXCL10 may represent therapeutic targets.
Papules and vesicles on the ears of a young boy Rozas‐Muñoz, Eduardo; López‐Sánchez, Cristina; Piquero‐Casals, Jaime ...
International journal of dermatology,
August 2021, 2021-08-00, 20210801, Letnik:
60, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Trichoadenoma: dermoscopic clues of a rare adnexal tumour Mir‐Bonafé, Juan Francisco; Mir‐Bonafé, Marc; Mir‐Bonafé, José María ...
Australasian journal of dermatology,
February 2021, 2021-Feb, 2021-02-00, 20210201, Letnik:
62, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Background/purpose
Melasma is a frequent photoexacerbated hyperpigmentary disorder, which can significantly impact on the quality of life. We sought to review the pathogenesis of melasma, and the ...role of photoprotection in the prevention and treatment of this disorder.
Methods
We conducted a narrative review of the literature. We performed literature searches with PubMed from January 1990 to December 2021 using the keywords “melasma,” “pathogenesis,” “ultraviolet radiation,” “visible light,” “photoprotection,” and “sunscreens.”
Results
The physiopathology of melasma includes a complex interaction between genetics, sex hormones, and sun exposure. Visible light, in particular high‐energy visible light (HEVL), and long‐wave UVA (UVA1) play a key role in melasma pathophysiology, and recent research suggests that melasma shares many features with photoaging disorders. Melasma disproportionately affects dark‐skinned individuals. Some 30% to 50% of South Americans and Asians, among other ethnicities, can present with melasma. Dark‐skinned patients take fewer photoprotective measures. Also, the majority of melasma patients do not adequately follow photoprotection recommendations, including the application of sunscreen. Intensive use of a broad‐spectrum sunscreen can prevent melasma in high‐risk individuals, can lessen melasma severity (associated or not with depigmenting agents), and can reduce relapses.
Conclusions
Due to the physiopathology of melasma, sunscreens should be broad‐spectrum with high sun protection factor, and provide high protection against UVA1 and VL. Sunscreens should be cosmetically acceptable and leave no white residue. Tinted sunscreens are an excellent choice, as pigments can protect from HEVL and UVA1, and may provide camouflage, but they must offer colors that match the skin tone of each patient.
Background
Pathophysiology of rosacea is not completely understood and involves a complex interaction among genetics, ultraviolet (UV) light, microorganisms, impaired skin barrier, neuronal and ...vascular dysfunction, and immune system disruption.
Aims
To describe the etiology of rosacea with an emphasis on the role of UV radiation and exposome, and to review the importance of non‐pharmacologic strategies focusing on photoprotection.
Methods
We conducted a narrative review of the literature. We performed literature searches with PubMed from January 1990 to November 2020 using the keywords “rosacea”, “pathogenesis”, “ultraviolet radiation”, “exposome”, “photoprotection”, “sunscreens” and “non‐pharmacologic agents”. The search was limited to English, Spanish, and French language articles.
Results
Several environmental factors such as UV light, diverse microorganisms, air pollution, tobacco smoking, nutrition, and psychological stress showed to trigger or worsen rosacea. UV radiation was reported to induce pro‐inflammatory, pro‐angiogenic, and pro‐fibrotic responses. We found 6 original articles about the impact of sunscreens on rosacea. The use of sunscreens containing ingredients with emollient, anti‐inflammatory, and/or vasoregulatory properties was shown to significantly improve symptomatology.
Conclusion
UV radiation and the exposome play a key role in the development of rosacea. UV light is implicated in all significant aspects of rosacea: skin inflammation, neoangiogenesis, telangiectasia, and fibrosis, and may even initiate rosacea. While the use of sunscreens is widely recommended, the literature on the impact of photoprotection in rosacea is scarce. Adequately formulated sunscreens could not only provide the required level of photoprotection, but may also help to mitigate the barrier dysfunction, neutralize facial redness (tinted sunscreens), and decrease inflammation and vascular dysfunction.
Psoriasis precipitated by timolol eye drops. A series of eight cases Mir‐Bonafé, Juan Francisco; Rozas‐Muñoz, Eduardo; Pedemonte‐Sarrias, Eduard ...
Australasian journal of dermatology,
February 2020, 2020-Feb, 2020-02-00, 20200201, Letnik:
61, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Induction of psoriasis following administration of beta blocker containing eye drops has rarely been documented. We report eight cases of psoriasis triggered by timolol eye drops. Since the clinical ...and histopathological features of this drug reaction are indistinguishable from those of idiopathic psoriasis, a thorough drug history should be taken in all patients, especially elderly ones, with recent onset of psoriasis.
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