Gravitational wave interferometers achieve their profound sensitivity by combining a Michelson interferometer with optical cavities, suspended masses, and now, squeezed quantum states of light. These ...states modify the measurement process of the LIGO, VIRGO and GEO600 interferometers to reduce the quantum noise that masks astrophysical signals; thus, improvements to squeezing are essential to further expand our gravitational view of the Universe. Further reducing quantum noise will require both lowering decoherence from losses as well more sophisticated manipulations to counter the quantum back-action from radiation pressure. Both tasks require fully understanding the physical interactions between squeezed light and the many components of km-scale interferometers. To this end, data from both LIGO observatories in observing run three are expressed using frequency-dependent metrics to analyze each detector's quantum response to squeezed states. The response metrics are derived and used to concisely describe physical mechanisms behind squeezing's simultaneous interaction with transverse-mode selective optical cavities and the quantum radiation pressure noise of suspended mirrors. These metrics and related analysis are broadly applicable for cavity-enhanced optomechanics experiments that incorporate external squeezing, and-for the first time-give physical descriptions of every feature so far observed in the quantum noise of the LIGO detectors.
Abstract
Study question
What is the outcome of ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) in paediatric patients from the beginning of its setting in two different French centres?
Summary answer
In our ...cohort of 75 paediatric patients who underwent OTC, the mean age, malignancy rate and survival rate were 9.7 years, 70.7% and 77.3% respectively.
What is known already
Cancer treatments of last decades improve the survival rate of children and adolescents;
however chemo- and radiotherapy result in gonadal damage leading to acute ovarian failure and sterility. The preservation of fertility is now an integral part of care of children requiring gonadotoxic treatments.
Currently OTC represents the only possibility of preserving the potential fertility in prepubertal girls. OTC is an effective fertility preservation option which allows long-term storage of primordial follicles, subsequent transplantation restores endocrine function and fertility. The efficacy of these techniques is well-demonstrated within adult population but the data are poor for paediatric patients.
Study design, size, duration
This is a retrospective study of OTC practice of two French centres from January 2004 to May 2020.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
A total of 75 patients from paediatrics units underwent cryopreservation of ovarian tissue before gonadotoxic therapy for malignant or benign diseases. The ovarian cortex was cut into fragments and the number of follicles per square millimeter was evaluated histologically. The long-term follow-up includes survival rate, hormonal and fertility status.
Main results and the role of chance
The mean age at OTC of 75 patients was 9.7 years 0.2 – 20, 32% were postpubertal. 53 had malignant disease and 22 had non-malignant disease. The most frequent diagnoses in this cohort included acute leukemia, hemoglobinopathies and neuroblastoma. Indication for OTC was stem cell transplantation for 78.7% (n = 59) girls.
A third of each ovary was collected for 62,7% (n = 47) patients, a whole ovary for 33,3% (n = 25) patients and a third of one ovary alone for 4,0% (n = 3) patients. An average of 17 fragments 5-35 per patient was cryoconserved. A correlation was found between age and the number of fragments (p < 0.001). More fragments were obtained from partial bilateral harvesting than from whole ovary harvesting (p < 0.05). Histological analysis of ovarian tissue showed a median of 6.0 primordial follicles/mm2 0.0–106.5 and no malignant cells were identified. A negative correlation was found between age and follicular density (p < 0.001).
Median post-harvest follow-up was 92 months 1–188
17 girls had died, 12 were still treated for their pathology and 46 were in complete remission. Of all patients, 29 have been subject to hormonal status evaluation and 26 were diagnosed with premature ovarian insufficiency (p < 0.001). One patient had undergone thawed ovarian tissue transplantation.
Limitations, reasons for caution
This study is a retrospective analysis. The cohort was not compared with a control group who did not undergo OTC or with an adult population. Furthermore, many of these girls are still young and do not intend to use the transplantation of thawed ovarian tissue yet.
Wider implications of the findings
OTC should be proposed to all girls with high risk of developing premature ovarian insufficiency following gonadotoxic therapies in order to give them the possibility of fertility and endocrine restoration.
Trial registration number
Not applicable
Abstract
Study question
What is the outcome of ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) in paediatric patients from the beginning of its setting in two different French centres?
Summary answer
In our ...cohort of 75 paediatric patients who underwent OTC, the mean age, malignancy rate and survival rate were 9.7 years, 70.7% and 77.3% respectively.
What is known already
Cancer treatments of last decades improve the survival rate of children and adolescents; however chemo- and radiotherapy result in gonadal damage leading to acute ovarian failure and sterility. The preservation of fertility is now an integral part of care of children requiring gonadotoxic treatments.
Currently OTC represents the only possibility of preserving the potential fertility in prepubertal girls. OTC is an effective fertility preservation option which allows long-term storage of primordial follicles, subsequent transplantation restores endocrine function and fertility. The efficacy of these techniques is well-demonstrated within adult population but the data are poor for paediatric patients.
Study design, size, duration
This is a retrospective study of OTC practice of two French centres from January 2004 to May 2020.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
A total of 75 patients from paediatrics units underwent cryopreservation of ovarian tissue before gonadotoxic therapy for malignant or benign diseases. The ovarian cortex was cut into fragments and the number of follicles per square millimeter was evaluated histologically. The long-term follow-up includes survival rate, hormonal and fertility status.
Main results and the role of chance
The mean age at OTC of 75 patients was 9.7 years 0.2 – 20, 32% were postpubertal. 53 had malignant disease and 22 had non-malignant disease. The most frequent diagnoses in this cohort included acute leukemia, hemoglobinopathies and neuroblastoma. Indication for OTC was stem cell transplantation for 78.7% (n = 59) girls.
A third of each ovary was collected for 62,7% (n = 47) patients, a whole ovary for 33,3% (n = 25) patients and a third of one ovary alone for 4,0% (n = 3) patients. An average of 17 fragments 5–35 per patient was cryoconserved. A correlation was found between age and the number of fragments (p < 0.001). More fragments were obtained from partial bilateral harvesting than from whole ovary harvesting (p < 0.05). Histological analysis of ovarian tissue showed a median of 6.0 primordial follicles/mm2 0.0–106.5 and no malignant cells were identified. A negative correlation was found between age and follicular density (p < 0.001).
Median post-harvest follow-up was 92 months 1–188: 17 girls had died, 12 were still treated for their pathology and 46 were in complete remission. Of all patients, 29 have been subject to hormonal status evaluation and 26 were diagnosed with premature ovarian insufficiency (p < 0.001). One patient had undergone thawed ovarian tissue transplantation.
Limitations, reasons for caution
This study is a retrospective analysis. The cohort was not compared with a control group who did not undergo OTC or with an adult population. Furthermore, many of these girls are still young and do not intend to use the transplantation of thawed ovarian tissue yet.
Wider implications of the findings: OTC should be proposed to all girls with high risk of developing premature ovarian insufficiency following gonadotoxic therapies in order to give them the possibility of fertility and endocrine restoration.
Trial registration number
Not applicable
The roles of parenting style and parents' emotional health status on children's social-emotional functioning were examined. Approaches to child-rearing were expected to mediate the impact of parental ...emotional health on child adjustment. The sample consisted of 55 parent-child dyads characterized by child maltreatment. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that both aspects of parental functioning, emotional health status and child-rearing style, predicted child adjustment. However, further analyses yielded support for the mediation model; the impact of emotional health on child adjustment was significantly reduced when the effects of parenting style were controlled. Results suggest that parental approaches to child-rearing play a key role in shaping children's social-emotional functioning, with parents' emotional health status playing a more indirect role.
Qu’il s’agisse de notre vie professionnelle ou de notre vie personnelle, la promesse d’immortalité exerce le même pouvoir de séduction. La promesse de salut délivrée à l’entreprise ne diffère guère ...de la promesse faite aux êtres humains. Cet idéal de salut, qui a exercé sa fascination sur toutes les époques, les religions ont promis de le réaliser. Les entreprises de conseil s’inscrivent dans la même logique, dans la mesure où elles constituent, pour les entreprises, l’équivalent contemporain d’une expérience religieuse. Les prophètes du conseil s’emploient à générer ce genre de sentiments en utilisant tout un vocabulaire symbolique tel que « reconfiguration des processus », « meilleures pratiques », etc, dans un rituel baptisé MétaCapitalisme, impliquant une communauté de croyants, en l’occurrence leurs clients. Ce rituel, par le biais du Culte du conseil, a des conséquences qui vont bien au-delà des seules entreprises clientes et affectent de manière importante de nombreux groupes de personnes et d’institutions dans notre société devenue globale. Ce constat justifie de procéder à un examen critique de ses mérites. Notre recherche explore la performance du MétaCapitalisme, un terme forgé par le géant du conseil, Price Waterhouse Coopers (PWC), pour décrire sa vision de la « nouvelle économie », qui traite de l’utilisation des e-markets, des échanges en ligne et des communautés d’affaires en réseau, et a eu pour effet de démultiplier l’impact des développements technologiques et des principales améliorations de la vie des affaires issues des années 1990. Le MétaCapitalisme peut être appréhendé en analysant la conversion des leaders du MétaCapitalisme au modèle prôné. Notre étude, en appliquant des techniques de régression à un certain nombre d’indicateurs clés, identifie les tendances relatives à la performance de ces leaders et les compare avec les tendances observées pour les 100 premières entreprises du groupe Fortune. Il en ressort que les entreprises du MétaCapitalisme ont été incapables de maintenir la transformation apparemment brillante qu’elles avaient opérée en 1999 et que sur de nombreux points, les tendances présentent des retournements imprévus par rapport au maintien de la structure idéale du MétaCapitalisme. Une évaluation critique de ces observations est effectuée de manière à valider la possibilité de généralisation du modèle, afin d’être en mesure d’éviter une expérimentation sociale continue et préjudiciable. En conclusion, la stratégie du MétaCapitalisme présente d’indéniables similitudes avec les cultes religieux, ce qui amène à la question suivante : le MétaCapitalisme aura-t-il le même destin que la plupart de ces cultes, à savoir, le désenchantement est lié à des espérances déçues ?
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