We describe recent experiments using a SuperCDMS high-voltage single-charge sensitive (HVeV) detector illuminated with an ultraviolet LED (275 nm) and a monochromatic laser (650 nm) using a ...dual-fiber optic system installed in a small dilution refrigerator at Stanford University. We observed a population of fluorescence background events after UV exposure but not after exposure to the laser source. The fluorescence was likely due to scattered UV photons absorbed outside the detector. We discuss the possibility of fluorescence being a contributor to the low energy excess background observed in above-ground Dark Matter experiments.
En este trabajo analizamos la defectividad verbal como una manifestación de las vacilaciones que experimentan los hablantes al elegir un tipo de flexión, regular o irregular. Este tipo de ...defectividad formal (NGLE 2009) se debe a que la representación que tomarían ciertas palabras verbales no es semejante a las formas correspondientes análogas en paradigmas productivos rivales, uno regular y otro irregular. Esta falta de coincidencia provoca que los hablantes rechacen ambas formas posibles, dejen sin usar las celdas correspondientes y susciten con ello un "defecto" en el paradigma. Ahora bien, si alguna de las formas rechazadas comienza a usarse y se impone en la comunidad de habla, entonces el verbo dejará de ser defectivo. Esto es lo que ha sucedido recientemente con el verbo abolir, del cual pueden documentarse formas regulares: abolo, abole, abola, abolen.
In this paper we discuss verbal defectiveness as a manifestation of the hesitations that speakers experience when choosing a type of inflectional form, regular or irregular. This type of formal defectiveness (NGLE 2009) occurs because the representation that certain verbal words would normally assume is not similar to the corresponding analogical forms in rival productive paradigms, one regular and another one irregular. This mismatch causes speakers to reject both possible forms, leave the corresponding cells unused, and thereby create a "defect" in the paradigm. However, if any of the rejected forms begin to be used and is imposed in the speech community, then the verb will cease to be defective. This is what has happened recently with the verb abolir ('to abolish'), which has regular forms documented as: abolo, abole, abola, abolen.
Five cattle Y-specific microsatellites, totalling six loci, were selected from a set of 44 markers and genotyped on 608 Bos taurus males belonging to 45 cattle populations from Europe and Africa. A ...total of 38 haplotypes were identified. Haplogroups (Y1 and Y2) previously defined using single nucleotide polymorphisms did not share haplotypes. Nine of the 27 Y2-haplotypes were only present in African cattle. Network and correspondence analyses showed that this African-specific subfamily clustered separately from the main Y2-subfamily and the Y1 haplotypes. Within-breed genetic variability was generally low, with most breeds (78%) showing haplotypes belonging to a single haplogroup. amova analysis showed that partitioning of genetic variation among breeds can be mainly explained by their geographical and haplogroup assignment. Between-breed genetic variability summarized via Principal Component Analysis allowed the identification of three principal components explaining 94.2% of the available information. Projection of principal components on geographical maps illustrated that cattle populations located in mainland Europe, the three European Peninsulas and Mediterranean Africa presented similar genetic variation, whereas those breeds from Atlantic Europe and British Islands (mainly carrying Y1 haplotypes) and those from Sub-Saharan Africa (belonging to Y2-haplogroup) showed genetic variation of a different origin. Our study confirmed the existence of two large Y-chromosome lineages (Y1 and Y2) in taurine cattle. However, Y-specific microsatellites increased analytical resolution and allowed at least two different Y2-haplotypic subfamilies to be distinguished, one of them restricted to the African continent.
Zinc oxide nanostructures have been prepared by the sol–gel method on SiO
2/Si substrates using acid (pH=6) and neutral (pH=7) solutions. Neutral solutions produce rod-like ZnO nanostructures that ...grow laterally during subsequent thermal annealing. Acid solutions result in a combination of regions consisting of either rods or platelets. Using spatially resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy, it is observed that thermal treatment of ZnO grown in neutral sol affects the deep-level luminescence, reducing the yellow emission but retaining the green luminescence. In material grown from acid solutions, stronger luminescence has been observed from rods compared to platelets. Luminescence from nanorods shows donor-bound exciton and donor–acceptor-pair emissions at low temperatures (<40
K) and a broad near-band-edge peak for higher temperatures. The role of pH on the growth mechanisms leading to rod and platelet formation is discussed.
This study evaluated the yield performance of the tomato hybrids 'DS0060', 'Thaise' and 'Trucker' in the open field and environments protected by agricultural film (F) and polycarbonate panels (P) ...during the Amazonian summer. In the protected environment, the crops produced significantly higher yields than in the open field. 'Thaise' has high thermotolerance and is adaptable to a wide temperature range, making it the best-performing hybrid in environment F. Highest yields were found for 'Thaise' in environment F or P (86.2 and 92.5 t ha-1) together with 'DS0060' and 'Trucker' in environment F (75.3 and 88.2 t ha-1), demonstrating the high yield potential in the interim growing season (January to April). In the open field, the fruit color was paler, fruit flesh firmer and ripening index lower. In environment F, the fruits contained highest levels of soluble solids, lycopene and β-carotene. 'Thaise' contained higher concentrations of these two compounds. Under environment P, the yield of the evaluated tomato hybrids increased considerably, indicating it as a promising possibility for tomato cultivation in tropical regions. 'Thaíse' stood out with high yield and good quality traits, when grown in an F or P environment. These results prove the viability of tomato production as interim crop in tropical regions, under high rainfall and heat, as well as the difference protected environments make for tomato cultivation, in particular the choice of the most suitable cover material for the crop, to ensure high yields coupled with desirable quality properties.
The composition of InxGa1 − xN nanorods grown by molecular beam epitaxy with nominal x = 0.5 has been mapped by electron microscopy using Z-contrast imaging and x-ray microanalysis. This shows a ...coherent and highly strained core-shell structure with a near-atomically sharp boundary between a Ga-rich shell (x ∼ 0.3) and an In-rich core (x ∼ 0.7), which itself has In- and Ga-rich platelets alternating along the growth axis. It is proposed that the shell and core regions are lateral and vertical growth sectors, with the core structure determined by spinodal decomposition.
The activation of T cells is normally accompanied by inhibitory mechanisms within which the PD1 receptor stands out. PD1 drives T cells to an unresponsive state called exhaustion, characterized by a ...markedly decreased capacity to exert effector functions upon binding the ligands PDL1 and PDL2. For this reason, PD1 has become one of the most important targets in cancer immunotherapy. Despite the numerous studies about PD1 signaling modulation, how the PD1 signaling pathway is activated upon the ligands’ binding remains an open question. In this work, we used molecular dynamics simulations to assess the differences of the PD1 motion in the free state and in complex with the ligands. We found that, in both human and murine systems, the binding of PDL1 and PDL2 stabilizes the conformation of the FG loop similarly. This result, combined with the conservation of the FG loop residues across species, suggests that the conformation of the FG loop is somehow related to the signaling process. We also found a high similarity between the PD1–PDL1 structures with the variable region of an antibody structure, where the FG loop occupies a similar position to the CDR3 light chain.
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