Current disparities in the access to diagnostic imaging for Black patients and the underrepresentation of Black physicians in radiology, relative to their representation in the general U.S. ...population, reflect contemporary consequences of historical anti-Black discrimination. These disparities have existed within the field of radiology and professional medical organizations since their inception. Explicit and implicit racism against Black patients and physicians was institutional policy in the early 20th century when radiology was being developed as a clinical medical field. Early radiology organizations also embraced this structural discrimination, creating strong barriers to professional Black radiologist involvement. Nevertheless, there were numerous pioneering Black radiologists who advanced scholarship, patient care, and diversity within medicine and radiology during the early 20th century. This work remains important in the present day, as race-based health care disparities persist and continue to decrease the quality of radiology-delivered patient care. There are also structural barriers within radiology affecting workforce diversity that negatively impact marginalized groups. Multiple opportunities exist today for antiracism work to improve quality of care and to apply standards of social justice and health equity to the field of radiology. An initial step is to expand education on the disparities in access to imaging and health care among Black patients. Institutional interventions include implementing community-based outreach and applying antibias methodology in artificial intelligence algorithms, while systemic interventions include identifying national race-based quality measures and ensuring imaging guidelines properly address the unique cancer risks in the Black patient population. These approaches reflect some of the strategies that may mutually serve to address health care disparities in radiology.
RSNA, 2023 See the invited commentary by Scott in this issue. Quiz questions for this article are available in the supplemental material.
Imaging of Visceral Vessels Pierce, Theodore T; Prabhu, Vinay; Baliyan, Vinit ...
The Radiologic clinics of North America,
05/2024, Letnik:
62, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The visceral vasculature is inextricably intertwined with abdominopelvic disease staging, spread, and management in routine and emergent cases. Comprehensive evaluation requires specialized imaging ...techniques for abnormality detection and characterization. Vascular pathology is often encountered on nondedicated routine imaging examinations, which may obscure, mimic, or confound many vascular diagnoses. This review highlights normal arterial, portal venous, and systemic venous anatomy and clinically relevant variants; diagnostic pitfalls related to image-acquisition technique and disease mimics; and characteristics of common and rare vascular diseases to empower radiologists to confidently interpret the vascular findings and avoid misdiagnosis.
Abstract Background The long-term impact of radical prostatectomy (RP) on sexual function (SF) and erectile function (EF) has important implications related to the risk-to-benefit ratio of this ...treatment. Objective To determine the long-term effect of RP on male SF and EF over 10 yr of follow-up. Design, setting, and participants This was a prospective, longitudinal outcomes study in 1836 men following RP at a university hospital. Men were invited to complete the University of California, Los Angeles, Prostate Cancer Index SF survey at baseline, 3, 6, 12, 24, 96, and 120 mo postoperatively and a survey at 4 and 7 yr postoperatively assessing global changes in their EF over the preceding 2 yr. Intervention All men underwent open RP. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Multiple, generalized linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between time following RP and SF and EF scores controlling for age, prostate-specific antigen, Gleason scores, stage, nerve sparing, race, and marital status. Results and limitations After an expected initial decline, time-dependent improvements in SF and EF were observed through 2 yr postoperatively. Overall, SF and EF were both generally stable between 2 and 10 yr following RP. The subgroups of younger men and men with better preoperative function were more likely to maintain their EF and SF through 10 yr following RP. The primary limitation is the potential bias attributable to nonresponders. Conclusions The recovery of EF can extend well beyond 2 yr. There is a significant association between younger age and better preoperative function and the likelihood of experiencing improvements beyond 2 yr. Assessing the comparative effectiveness of treatment options for localized prostate cancer must examine SF beyond 2 yr to account for delayed treatment effects and the natural history of SF in the aging male population.
The objective of this study was to identify geographic and temporal patterns related to the frequencies of online searches within the United States for information on imaging-based cancer screening ...tests.
Google Trends, a web-based tool for identifying the frequency of online searches, was used to determine, on both a monthly and a geographic basis, the relative frequency of searches for imaging-based cancer screening tests in the United States from 2004 through 2014. Findings were evaluated qualitatively.
Searches for "mammography" decreased slightly overall, although they peaked in October (Breast Cancer Awareness Month) in most years and spiked in November 2009 (when the updated U.S. Preventive Services Task Force screening mammography guidelines were released). The frequency of searches for "tomosynthesis" increased rapidly from 2009 through 2014. On the other hand, the frequency of searches for "lung cancer screening" decreased slightly from 2006 through 2010, increased rapidly from 2011 through 2014, and exhibited a spike in November 2010 (when the results of the National Lung Screening Trial were released). Searches for "virtual colonoscopy" decreased substantially from 2004 through 2010, remained stable from 2011 through 2014, and spiked in months coinciding with the publication of the results of large relevant clinical trials and a press release announcing that the president of the United States was undergoing virtual colonoscopy. The frequency of searches for "prostate MRI" was stable from 2006 through 2010 and increased rapidly from 2011 through 2014. Searches for "prostate MRI biopsy" increased rapidly in 2013 and 2014. These searches occurred predominantly in densely populated areas (e.g., searches for "lung cancer screening," "prostate MRI," and "tomosynthesis" were highest in New York City).
Online search patterns indicate geographic and short- and long-term temporal variation in the interest in cancer screening examinations among the U.S. population. These trends may indicate pending shifts in the use of these examinations.
The purpose of this study was to assess perspectives and information relating to CT radiation risk on Twitter, a popular microblogging social network.
Publicly available posts on Twitter ("tweets") ...containing both the words "CT" and "radiation" were identified from the 1st week of each month in 2013. Type of user posting and source of linked articles were recorded. Two reviewers assessed the content of tweets and links regarding CT's benefit-to-risk ratio (favorable, unfavorable, etc.).
Six hundred twenty-one relevant tweets were tweeted by 557 unique users, of whom 90 (16%) were physicians (17 of these were radiologists), 30 (5%) were medical practices or hospitals, 34 (6%) were patients, 8 (1%) were physicists or technologists, and 395 (71%) were other types of users. Two hundred twenty-seven tweets included user commentary regarding CT's benefit-to-risk ratio, of which 134 (59%) were unfavorable or concerned, 65 (29%) were neutral, 22 (10%) were informative regarding CT dose reduction strategies, and only 6 (3%) were favorable. Four hundred seventy-two tweets (76%) included links to a total of 99 unique articles, of which 25 (25%) were unfavorable or concerned, 10 (10%) were favorable, 25 (25%) were neutral, and 39 (39%) were informative regarding CT dose reduction. Article types were non-peer-reviewed medical sources (n = 50), lay press (n = 15), peer-reviewed medical journals (n = 13), blogs (n = 12), advertisements (n = 5), and informational websites (n = 4).
The large majority of content on Twitter was either unfavorable or concerned regarding CT radiation risk. Most articles were not peer-reviewed and were posted by nonphysicians; posts by physicians were largely by nonradiologists. More active engagement on Twitter by radiologists and physicists and increased dissemination of peer-reviewed articles may achieve a more balanced representation and alleviate concerns regarding CT radiation risk on social networks.
To retrospectively compare inter- and intra-reader agreement of abbreviated MRCP (aMRCP) with comprehensive MRI (cMRCP) protocol for detection of worrisome features, high-risk stigmata, and ...concomitant pancreatic cancer in pancreatic cyst surveillance.OBJECTIVETo retrospectively compare inter- and intra-reader agreement of abbreviated MRCP (aMRCP) with comprehensive MRI (cMRCP) protocol for detection of worrisome features, high-risk stigmata, and concomitant pancreatic cancer in pancreatic cyst surveillance.151 patients (104 women, mean age: 6910 years) with baseline and follow-up contrast-enhanced MRIs were included. This comprised 138 patients under cyst surveillance with 5-year follow-up showing no pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), 6 with pancreatic cystic lesion-derived malignancy, and 7 with concomitant PDAC. The aMRCP protocol used four sequences (axial and coronal Half-Fourier Single-shot Turbo-spin-Echo, axial T1 fat-saturated pre-contrast, and 3D-MRCP), while cMRCP included all standard sequences, including post-contrast. Three blinded abdominal radiologists assessed baseline cyst characteristics, worrisome features, high-risk stigmata, and PDAC signs using both aMRCP and cMRCP, with a 2-week washout period. Intra- and inter-reader agreement were calculated using Fleiss' multi-rater kappa and Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC). 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.METHODS151 patients (104 women, mean age: 6910 years) with baseline and follow-up contrast-enhanced MRIs were included. This comprised 138 patients under cyst surveillance with 5-year follow-up showing no pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), 6 with pancreatic cystic lesion-derived malignancy, and 7 with concomitant PDAC. The aMRCP protocol used four sequences (axial and coronal Half-Fourier Single-shot Turbo-spin-Echo, axial T1 fat-saturated pre-contrast, and 3D-MRCP), while cMRCP included all standard sequences, including post-contrast. Three blinded abdominal radiologists assessed baseline cyst characteristics, worrisome features, high-risk stigmata, and PDAC signs using both aMRCP and cMRCP, with a 2-week washout period. Intra- and inter-reader agreement were calculated using Fleiss' multi-rater kappa and Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC). 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.Cyst size, growth, and abrupt main pancreatic duct transition had strong intra- and inter-reader agreement. Intra-reader agreement was ICC = 0.93-0.99 for cyst size, ICC = 0.71-1.00 for cyst growth, and kappa = 0.83-1.00 for abrupt duct transition. Inter-reader agreement for cyst size was ICC = 0.86 (aMRCP) and ICC = 0.83 (cMRCP), and for abrupt duct transition was kappa = 0.84 (aMRCP) and kappa = 0.69 (cMRCP). Thickened cyst wall, mural nodule and cyst-duct communication demonstrated varying intra-reader agreements and poor inter-reader agreements.RESULTSCyst size, growth, and abrupt main pancreatic duct transition had strong intra- and inter-reader agreement. Intra-reader agreement was ICC = 0.93-0.99 for cyst size, ICC = 0.71-1.00 for cyst growth, and kappa = 0.83-1.00 for abrupt duct transition. Inter-reader agreement for cyst size was ICC = 0.86 (aMRCP) and ICC = 0.83 (cMRCP), and for abrupt duct transition was kappa = 0.84 (aMRCP) and kappa = 0.69 (cMRCP). Thickened cyst wall, mural nodule and cyst-duct communication demonstrated varying intra-reader agreements and poor inter-reader agreements.aMRCP showed high intra- and inter-reader agreement for most pancreatic cyst parameters that highly rely on T2-weighted sequences.CONCLUSIONaMRCP showed high intra- and inter-reader agreement for most pancreatic cyst parameters that highly rely on T2-weighted sequences.
•Google Alerts highlighted a diverse set of topics present in online media.•Most links were directly to non-radiology lay press, but <1% of links over the 6-month period sent the user directly to a ...primary peer-reviewed medical journal article.•The most common topics were market trends, promotional, COVID-19, and artificial intelligence.
Radiology topics receive substantial online media attention, with prior studies focusing on social media platform coverage. We used Google Alerts, a content change detection and notification service, to prospectively analyze new radiology-related content appearing on the internet.
An automated notification was created on Google Alerts for the search term “radiology,” sending the user emails with up to 3 new links daily. All links from November 2019 through April 2020 were assessed by 2 of 3 independent raters using a coding system to classify the content source and primary topic of discussion. The top 5 primary topics were retrospectively evaluated to identify prevalent subcategories. Content viewing restrictions were documented.
526 links were accessed. The majority (68%) of links were created by non-radiology lay press, followed by radiology-related lay press (28%), university-based publications (2%), and professional society websites (2%). The primary topic of these links most frequently related to market trends (28%), promotional material (20%), COVID-19 (13%), artificial intelligence (8%), and new technology or equipment (5%). 15% of links discussed a topic sourced from another article, such as a peer-reviewed journal, though only 2 linked directly to the journal itself. 8% of links had content viewing restrictions.
New radiology content was largely disseminated via non-radiology news sources; radiologists should therefore ensure their research and viewpoints are presented in these outlets. Google Alerts may be a useful tool to stay abreast of the most current public radiology subject matters, especially during these times of social isolation and rapidly evolving clinical practice.
TikTok, the fastest growing social media application worldwide, has been infrequently studied in medicine. We analyzed the top radiology-related posts on TikTok in order to describe opportunities for ...radiology engagement.
We retrieved the top 300 posts meeting the search criteria “radiology.” User- and post-related data were categorized based on a prespecified coding system. Descriptive statistics were reported. Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to assess for differences in followers, plays, likes, and comments among posts and users.
284 working posts were broadcast by 187 unique users with median 119 followers (interquartile range IQR: 31-1,206) and 20 posts (IQR: 7-49). Most (81%, 151/187) were nonphysician radiology personnel, while only 5% (9/187) were radiologists. Posts by radiologists had more plays than those by nonphysician radiology personnel (median 3643 vs 1282, P = 0.001). The 284 posts had median 1520 plays (IQR 429-4374), 60 likes (IQR 18-272), and 2 comments (IQR 0-9). Most posts were work-related (184/284, 65%), followed by clinical (68/284, 24%), personal (30/284, 11%), or promotional (2/284, 1%). However, posts by radiologists were mostly clinical (65%, 31/48) and represented a large majority of posted imaging cases (29/33, 88%). Posts about COVID-19 represented 38% (107/284) of the study sample and 48% (93/193) of posts after the first U.S. COVID-19 case COVID-19 posts had significantly more comments (3 vs. 2, P = 0.034) and more likes approaching significance (89 vs 51, P = 0.134) than non-COVID-19 posts.
Though radiologists represent a minority of TikTok users their post represent the majority of this platform's clinical content. This presents an important opportunity for radiologists to utilize TikTok for contemporary, unique content creation and engagement with nonphysician radiology personnel.
Auditing saliency cropping algorithms Birhane, Abeba; Prabhu, Vinay Uday; Whaley, John
2022 IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV),
2022-Jan.
Conference Proceeding
In this paper, we audit saliency cropping algorithms used by Twitter, Google and Apple to investigate issues pertaining to the male-gaze cropping phenomenon as well as race-gender biases that emerge ...in post-cropping survival ratios of face-images constituting 3 × 1 grid images. In doing so, we present the first formal empirical study which suggests that the worry of a male-gaze-like image cropping phenomenon on Twitter is not at all far-fetched and it does occur with worryingly high prevalence rates in real-world full-body single-female-subject images shot with logo-littered backdrops. We uncover that while all three saliency cropping frameworks considered in this paper do exhibit acute racial and gender biases, Twitter's saliency cropping framework uniquely elicits high male-gaze cropping prevalence rates. In order to facilitate reproducing the results presented here, we are open-sourcing both the code and the datasets that we curated at shorturl.at/iuzK9. We hope the computer vision community and saliency cropping researchers will build on the results presented here and extend these investigations to similar frameworks deployed in the real world by other companies such as Microsoft and Facebook.
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