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•Cancer cell invasion through organotypic multi-ECM environments shows diverse modes.•In our model, invasion modes are indolent, dispersed, collective and multimodal.•ECM adhesion and ...remodeling establishes such modes and allows intermodal transitions.
The metastasis of malignant epithelial tumors begins with the egress of transformed cells from the confines of their basement membrane (BM) to their surrounding collagen-rich stroma. Invasion can be morphologically diverse: when breast cancer cells are separately cultured within BM-like matrix, collagen I (Coll I), or a combination of both, they exhibit collective-, dispersed mesenchymal-, and a mixed collective-dispersed (multimodal)- invasion, respectively. In this paper, we asked how distinct these invasive modes are with respect to the cellular and microenvironmental cues that drive them. A rigorous computational exploration of invasion was performed within an experimentally motivated Cellular Potts-based modeling environment. The model comprised of adhesive interactions between cancer cells, BM- and Coll I-like extracellular matrix (ECM), and reaction–diffusion-based remodeling of ECM. The model outputs were parameters cognate to dispersed- and collective- invasion. A clustering analysis of the output distribution curated through a careful examination of subsumed phenotypes suggested at least four distinct invasive states: dispersed, papillary-collective, bulk-collective, and multimodal, in addition to an indolent/non-invasive state. Mapping input values to specific output clusters suggested that each of these invasive states are specified by distinct input signatures of proliferation, adhesion and ECM remodeling. In addition, specific input perturbations allowed transitions between the clusters and revealed the variation in the robustness between the invasive states. Our systems-level approach proffers quantitative insights into how the diversity in ECM microenvironments may steer invasion into diverse phenotypic modes during early dissemination of breast cancer and contributes to tumor heterogeneity.
A visible-light-driven photoredox-catalyzed multicomponent reaction of 2-vinylanilines, sulfonyl chlorides, and sulfur ylides is described. This protocol features redox-neutral mild conditions, a ...broad substrate scope, and good functional group tolerance, providing access to various sulfonated 2,3-disubstituted indolines. The product can be transformed to a diverse range of functionalized indoles by a selective aromatization/nucleophilic substitution process. Mechanistic investigations suggest that both sulfonyl chlorides and sulfur ylides serve as radical sources, and the reaction proceeds through a sequential radical addition/addition/thermal SN2-substitution process.
•Micro-cutting Ti alloy by laser using a novel laser singulation method.•For reducing kerf taper and HAZ in fiber laser beam machining.•Particle swarm optimization has been used.
Manufacturing ...industries are very much interested in laser beam machining for its efficiency in material removal. As a result, this non-conventional machining process bears a great determination for its modelling and optimization. Difficulty lies in the development of an accurate model between the input and output variables and the non-linear behaviour of the process makes it complex under various situations. A new process variable of sawing angle makes it more complicated for quality characteristics. The present study deals with a research effort for examination of the influences of the process parameter of fiber laser beam machining regarding cutting of Titanium superalloy (Ti6Al4V). Sawing angle, power, duty cycle, pulse frequency and scanning speed are the input variables in laser beam machining process and quality characteristics of laser machined workpiece along with kerf taper and heat affected zone are the output variables. Empirical findings and existing knowledge in regard to modelling, optimizing, monitoring and controlling of the LBM process have been used by the artificial intelligence (AI) technique. This study bears an application of AI technique regarding metaheuristic-based particle swarm optimization (PSO) in regard to the quality features of LBM in modelling and optimization.
In this paper, we prove that for a transcendental entire function
of finite order such that
, where
is an entire function and satisfies
,
, if
and
share the entire function
satisfying
CM, where
...satisfies
, then
, where
are two nonzero constants. In particular, if
, then
reduces to a constant. This result improves and generalizes the recent results of Chen and Chen
3
, Liao and Zhang
10
and Lü et al.
11
in a large scale. Also we exhibit some relevant examples to fortify our results.
Abstract
Impatiens
sp. is an annual plant that flowers all year round. High temperature stress is a major challenge limiting crop productivity. The research was conducted at experiment garden in ...Palasari Cipanas, BRIN, Indonesia, at an altitude of 1000 ASL, from January - April 2023. The aim of the research was to explore the morphological variation of Impatiens wild species and to obtain some heat tolerance accession for next breeding program. Twenty nine accession of Impatiens were observed for the qualitative and quantitative data including the evaluation of heat tolerance. Twelve qualitative characters were recorded. The qualitative characters were analyzed as degree of similarity. DICE Similarity coefficient of qualitative data was 0.06. Broad variability in the genotypic, phenotypic variances and genetic advance was found for leaf length, leaf width and heat tolerance score. Of the electrolyte leakage analyses, it was found that flower length, ventral petal length width, lateral petal length and spur length positively support the high tolerance of
Impatiens
accession to heat stress. The darker color of the stem, anther, and bract is followed by a reduction in the dimension of flower width, lateral petal width, dorsal petal width and spur length but the increased leaf thicknesses. There was no direct correlation between the heat tolerance score and the leaf thickness. The largest data diversity explained by 3 factors with a total variance of 68.88 %.
High spin states of 49V populated through 48Ti(4He, 2np)49V reaction with 48 MeV 4He beam, have been studied using the Indian National Gamma Array (INGA) facility. The relative intensities, RDCO and ...polarization measurements have been carried out for a few transitions in 49V. The level lifetimes have been extracted for a few negative parity yrast levels using Doppler shift attenuation method. Large basis shell model calculations have been performed to understand the microscopic structure of these levels.
We report a substituent controlled nucleophilic displacement of alkyl bromides with Bestmann-Ohira reagent yielding either dimethyl diazoalkylphosphonates or (E)-vinylphosphonates. The dimethyl ...diazoalkylphosphonates could be readily converted into corresponding (E)-vinylphosphonates in the presence of Cu following nitrogen elimination in quantitative yields.
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