The development of plant tissues and organs during post-embryonic growth occurs through the activity of both primary and secondary meristems. While primary meristems (root and shoot apical meristems) ...promote axial plant growth, secondary meristems (vascular and cork cambium or phellogen) promote radial thickening and plant axes strengthening. The vascular cambium forms the secondary xylem and phloem, whereas the cork cambium gives rise to the periderm that envelops stems and roots. Periderm takes on an increasingly important role in plant survival under climate change scenarios, but it is also a forest product with unique features, constituting the basis of a sustainable and profitable cork industry. There is established evidence that epigenetic mechanisms involving histone post-translational modifications, DNA methylation, and small RNAs play important roles in the activity of primary meristem cells, their maintenance, and differentiation of progeny cells. Here, we review the current knowledge on the epigenetic regulation of secondary meristems, particularly focusing on the phellogen activity. We also discuss the possible involvement of DNA methylation in the regulation of periderm contrasting phenotypes, given the potential impact of translating this knowledge into innovative breeding programs.
The focus of this text is the collective and ancestral information of the Orquestra dos Prazeres, guided by the Brazilian multi-artist Lucas dos Prazeres. Its objective is to present how song of ...experience, performance and resistance are intertwined in the DVD Repercutir (2017), specifically through the tracks “Saudação a Xangô” and “Aluandê”. We performed a critical analysis through their description and a literature review based on authors such as Evaristo (2016), Rego (1968), Finnegan (2008), Taylor (2013). As a result, this journey reveals the importance of the collective impulse of the black communities represented in the artistic show considered.
ENSINO DA MATEMÁTICA POR MEIO DE DISPOSITIVOS MÓVEIS Bissoni, Estefania; Picolo, José Guilherme; Da Silva, Rafael Prazeres
International Journal on Active Learning,
07/2018, Letnik:
2, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Este trabalho descreve um projeto chamado Logicametria, desenvolvido por um grupo de estudantes e uma professora da Universidade São Francisco. O trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver um aplicativo ...para dispositivos móveis que auxilie alunos do 6º ano do ensino fundamental a aprender conteúdos matemáticos na escola e fora dela, tornando as aulas mais atrativas e interessantes, através do uso do celular. Batizado de Logicametria o aplicativo foi desenvolvido a partir das plataformas do Scratch e do Appinventor e conta com 25 fases e 6 tipos de jogos diferentes. O professor ao acessar o aplicativo tem opções de cadastrar, alterar, listar ou excluir enquanto o aluno tem acesso aos jogos que visam o aprendizado de conteúdos matemáticos como frações e decimais. O projeto foi desenvolvido a partir do interesse da orientadora que participa do Projeto Letramento em Programação oferecido pelo Instituto Ayrton Senna em parceria com a Universidade São Francisco e a Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Itatiba.
This paper, about the reading strategies connections and inferences in the scope of teaching, aims to reflect on the teaching of literary reading, as active literacy, and propose the use of these ...strategies. We used theories of Solé (1996), Soares (1998), Cosson (2012), Girotto and Souza (2010) in a bibliographical and purposive approaches. The research resulted in the production of a didactic proposal directed to Basic Education, contextualized from the work Liga-Desliga, but that can take as starting point other literary works.
Objectives
To investigate the association between motor competence (MC) and central obesity in preschool children.
Methods
The sample comprised of 472 children aged 3 to 5 years (4.58 ± 0.70 years, ...248 boys) from Recife, Brazil. MC was assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development‐2. Waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) was calculated and a cutoff of 0.5 was used to define central obesity. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between MC and WHtR ≥ 0.5.
Results
The prevalence of central obesity (WHtR) was 54.0% and 46.4% for boys and girls, respectively. Older children (OR = 0.61; CI = 0.44‐0.84; P < .01) and those with higher MC in locomotor skills (OR = 0.96; CI = 0.93‐0.99; P < .01) were less likely to present WHtR ≥ 0.5. Sex and object control skills were not associated with WHtR ≥ 0.5.
Conclusions
To reduce the risks of central obesity in children, health practitioners should focus on increasing competence in locomotor skills since preschool years.
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of malaria, causing anemia, respiratory complications, and cerebral malaria. To mitigate oxidative stress, we investigated the effect of nutritional ...supplementation whit lycopene (LYC) on the evolution of parasitemia and survival rate in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (Pb), comparing to the effects promoted by N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Therefore, 175 mice were randomly distributed into 4 groups; Sham: untreated and uninfected animals; Pb: animals infected with Pb; LYC+Pb: animals treated with LYC and infected with Pb; NAC+Pb: animals treated with NAC and infected with Pb. The animals were followed for 12 days after infection, and survival and parasitemia rates were evaluated. There was a 40.1% increase in parasitemia in the animals of the Pb group on the 12th day, and a survival rate of 45%. LYC supplementation slowed the development of parasitemia to 19% and promoted a significative increase in the survival rate of 80% on the 12th day after infection, compared to the Pb group, effects superior to those promoted by NAC, providing strong evidence of the beneficial effect of LYC on in vivo malaria and stressing the importance of antioxidant supplementation in the treatment of this disease.Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of malaria, causing anemia, respiratory complications, and cerebral malaria. To mitigate oxidative stress, we investigated the effect of nutritional supplementation whit lycopene (LYC) on the evolution of parasitemia and survival rate in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (Pb), comparing to the effects promoted by N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Therefore, 175 mice were randomly distributed into 4 groups; Sham: untreated and uninfected animals; Pb: animals infected with Pb; LYC+Pb: animals treated with LYC and infected with Pb; NAC+Pb: animals treated with NAC and infected with Pb. The animals were followed for 12 days after infection, and survival and parasitemia rates were evaluated. There was a 40.1% increase in parasitemia in the animals of the Pb group on the 12th day, and a survival rate of 45%. LYC supplementation slowed the development of parasitemia to 19% and promoted a significative increase in the survival rate of 80% on the 12th day after infection, compared to the Pb group, effects superior to those promoted by NAC, providing strong evidence of the beneficial effect of LYC on in vivo malaria and stressing the importance of antioxidant supplementation in the treatment of this disease.
Background
Children's physical growth (PG) and body composition (BC) can be influenced by birth weight and type of delivery.
Aim
To longitudinally analyze the dynamics of PG and BC of children from 5 ...to 9 years; to investigate the inter‐individual differences according to age, sex, BW, and type of delivery across the following years of the study.
Subjects and methods
A total of 1236 children (597 boys) were evaluated at 5‐years of age and followed annually until 9‐years. PG and BC measurements were evaluated. Multilevel modeling was used.
Results
Annual increments were observed (p < .001). Girls presented lower height and fat‐free‐mass but higher %BF (p < .001). Distinct trajectories between the sexes were observed for height (p < .001). Low‐birth‐weight children presented lower height, body mass, and fat‐free‐mass (p < .001), but the interaction between velocity of growth and BC was significant only in height (p < .05). Children born by had lower height, body mass, and %BF, and gained less body mass per year than those born by vaginal delivery (p < .05). Significant inter‐individual differences were observed at 5‐years of age and in their trajectories, except for fat‐free‐mass (p < .01).
Conclusion
There are differences in the dynamics of PG and BC, low‐birth‐weight and type of delivery influence the dynamics of PG during this interval of ages.
Paper coating with cellulose micro/nanofibrils (MFC/NFC) can improve the performance of paper packaging. However, the process cost is high due to the significant energy consumption. The objective of ...this work was to produce MFC/NFC with pre-treated fibers using calcium silicate (Ca2O4Si) and magnesium silicate (MgO3Si) and evaluate their performance as a coating on cardboard. For the production of MFC/NFC, pre-treatments with Ca2O4Si and MgO3Si reduced energy consumption by ∼30 %. The layers added to the cardboard reduced the water vapor permeability, mainly for the coating with 5 % MgO3Si (∼98 g mm/kPa−1day m²). These characteristics indicate that coated paperboard is suitable for packaging bread, cheese, fruit, and vegetables. Suspensions with 5 % and 10 % Ca2O4Si increased the spread of PVAc, PVOH, and printing ink. The coatings reduced the strength and stiffness of the papers by ∼50 % compared to the uncoated paper due to the wetting and drying cycles. On the other hand, there was an increase in ductility, which potentiated the paper’s formability. Optimizing application and drying techniques for MFC/NFC and silicate coating formulations can improve the mechanical and barrier properties of the coated papers for multilayer packaging.
•Pre-treatment with silicates reduced energy consumption in MFC/NFC production.•Coatings increased the spreading of polymer and ink on paperboard.•Paper surface free energy increased with MFC/NFC coatings.•Water vapor penetration into the cardboard was reduced with MFC/NFC application.•There was an increase in ductility of papers coated with MFC/NFC and silicates.
The weathering degree (WD) of soils is usually based on the presence of weatherable primary minerals and the content of chemical elements along the soil profile, which traditionally demand expensive, ...time-consuming and environmentally unfriendly laboratory analyses (e.g. wet chemistry). To address this issue, proximal sensors often operating in only a single spectral range have been used in soil WD assessments. In this sense, we analyzed in detail the performance of proximal sensors operating at several spectral ranges to assess the soil mineralogy and WD. We selected three soil profiles developed from sedimentary rocks and analyzed samples from parent rock to topsoil. Samples from each horizon of the soil profiles and from the parent rock were collected and submitted to chemical, physical and mineralogical laboratory analyses. These samples were also analyzed using several sensors operating within different spectral ranges, i.e., gamma-ray, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), visible (VIS), infrared (IR) (near infrared, NIR, shortwave infrared, SWIR, and middle infrared, Mid-IR), and the AISA Fenix hyperspectral imaging systems (VIS-NIR-SWIR). Several WD indices were calculated using laboratory (reference) and multi-range sensor data for comparison. The spectral differences in the VIS-IR range were evaluated according to the soil mineralogy and WD. Gamma-ray and XRF sensors presented high correlation with the main soil elements in oxide minerals used in the WD quantification (R ranging from 0.70 to 0.99). We detected differences associated with the WD of each horizon of all profiles using data from VIS to Mid-IR ranges. The application of linear models to AISA images enabled the mapping and quantification of main elements along one soil profile (R2 ranging from 0.48 to 0.8) using a pixel-to-pixel approach, which facilitated the interpretation of the WD. Due to the specificity of each spectral region, the use of several sensors at different wavelengths provided a holistic overview of mineralogy and WD of the analyzed soil profiles, using a quick and non-destructive approach. This technique produces overlapping and/or complementary information of WD and mineralogy from all spectral ranges and can significantly assist traditional laboratory methods.
•Gamma spectroscopy elements were efficient to evaluate the soil weathering degree.•The weathering indices detected by the XRF sensor were similar to those ICP-AES.•Oxides quantified by the AISA sensor models were analyzed over the entire profile.•Spectral pattern changed according to mineralogical weathering.•Horizons weathering were better distinguished by XRF-Vis-NIR-SWIR-Mid-IR group.
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