Rehabilitation is the process of treating post-stroke consequences. Impaired limbs are considered the common outcomes of stroke, which require a professional therapist to rehabilitate the impaired ...limbs and restore fully or partially its function. Due to the shortage in the number of therapists and other considerations, researchers have been working on developing robots that have the ability to perform the rehabilitation process. During the last two decades, different robots were invented to help in rehabilitation procedures. This paper explains the types of rehabilitation treatments and robot classifications. In addition, a few examples of well-known rehabilitation robots will be explained in terms of their efficiency and controlling mechanisms.
The objective detection of muscle fatigue reports the moment at which a muscle fails to sustain the required force. Such a detection prevents any further injury to the muscle following fatigue. ...However, the objective detection of muscle fatigue still requires further investigation. This paper presents an algorithm that employs a new fatigue index for the objective detection of muscle fatigue using a double-step binary classifier. The proposed algorithm involves analyzing the acquired sEMG signals in both the time and frequency domains in a double-step investigation. The first step involves calculating the value of the integrated EMG (IEMG) to determine the continuous contraction of the muscle being investigated. It was found that the IEMG value continued to increase with prolonged muscle contraction and progressive fatigue. The second step involves differentiating between the high-frequency components (HFC) and low-frequency components (LFC) of the EMG, and calculating the fatigue index. Basically, the segmented EMG signal was filtered by two band-pass filters separately to produce two sub-signals, namely, a high-frequency sub-signal (HFSS) and a low-frequency sub-signal (LFSS). Then, the instantaneous mean amplitude (IMA) was calculated for the two sub-signals. The proposed algorithm indicates that the IMA of the HFSS tends to decrease during muscle fatigue, while the IMA of the LFSS tends to increase. The fatigue index represents the difference between the IMA values of the LFSS and HFSS, respectively. Muscle fatigue was found to be present and was objectively detected when the value of the proposed fatigue index was equal to or greater than zero. The proposed algorithm was tested on 75 EMG signals that were extracted from 75 middle deltoid muscles. The results show that the proposed algorithm had an accuracy of 94.66% in distinguishing between conditions of muscle fatigue and non-fatigue.
Intelligent saline controlling valve based on fuzzy logic Al-Obaidi, Ahmed Saeed Ibrahim; Al-Nima, Raid Rafi Omar; Qassim, Hassan M.
Journal of engineering and applied science (Online),
12/2024, Letnik:
71, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Valve control for patients feeding saline is a sensitive issue. Such a valve is used to control the amount of important fluid entering the body. In this paper, we present an intelligent method based ...on fuzzy logic (FL) to deliver drugs and nutrients to patients through intravenous catheters. The proposed method is called intelligent saline controlling valve (ISCV) and relies on three inputs and two outputs. Specifically, the fluid’s drip, pressure, and the number of available bubbles are the three-valve inputs that control the two outputs which are the opening and closing. In other words, the ISCV controls the feeding saline for medical purposes. The obtained results show the success of the proposed method.
A mixture of polyurethane (PU) and neutral red (NR) dye solution is prepared. The nonlinear optical properties of the mixture of PU with NR dye solution are studied using a 473 nm laser beam of ...continuous fashion. The nonlinear refraction index of prepared material is determined via diffraction patterns and Z-scan. The diffraction patterns are calculated based on the Fresnel-Kirchhoff integral. Optical limiting of the prepared material is tested. All-optical switching occur in the sample using two low power visible laser beams.
التحمل القلبي الرئوي مهم للمشاركة بشكل مريح في أنشطة الحياة اليومية. تستخدم اختبارات التمرين، مثل اختبار المشي لمدة ست دقائق، بشكل شائع لتقييم القدرة على التحمل القلبي الرئوي. نحن نهدف إلى دراسة ...تأثيرات اختبار المشي لمدة ست دقائق القائم على الممر والمعتمد على مختبر تحليل المشية في الوقت الحقيقي التفاعلي على الأداء الوظيفي.
تم تقسيم ثلاثين رجلا أصحاء بشكل عشوائي إلى مجموعتين. أجرى المشاركون في المجموعة (أ) اختبار المشي لمدة ست دقائق على الممر، تليها فترة الراحة (ساعة واحدة)، وبعد ذلك، قاموا بإجراء اختبار المشي في الوقت الحقيقي للتحليل التفاعلي القائم على المشي لمدة ست دقائق. في المجموعة (ب)، أجرى المشاركون الاختبارات بتسلسل عكسي لتلك التي أجراها المشاركون في المجموعة (أ).
أدى اختبار المشي لمدة ست دقائق القائم على الممر إلى زيادة كبيرة في مسافة ست دقائق سيرا على الأقدام (6 ميجاوات) وسرعة المشي لمدة ست دقائق مقارنة باختبار المشي لمدة ست دقائق القائم على مختبر التحليل التفاعلي في الوقت الحقيقي. لم يلاحظ أي فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين المجموعتين في أي من النتائج الثانوية التالية: ضغط الدم الانقباضي، وضغط الدم الانبساطي، وتشبع الأكسجين، ومعدل ضربات القلب، وضيق التنفس، والتعب العام. ولوحظ وجود علاقة إيجابية قوية بين مسافة اختبار المشي البالغة ست دقائق وسرعة اختبار المشي لمدة ست دقائق.
لا ينبغي استخدام اختبار المشي لمدة ست دقائق القائم على الممر واختبار المشي في الوقت الحقيقي للتحليل التفاعلي القائم على المختبر لمدة ست دقائق بشكل تبادلي.
Cardiopulmonary endurance is important for comfortably participating in activities of daily living. Exercise tests, such as the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), are commonly used to evaluate cardiopulmonary endurance. We investigated the effects of the Gait Real-Time Analysis Interactive Lab (GRAIL)- and corridor-based 6MWTs on functional performance.
Thirty healthy men were randomly divided into two groups. Group A participants performed a corridor-based 6MWT, followed by a washout period (1 h). Subsequently, they performed the GRAIL-based 6MWT. Group B participants performed the tests in the reverse order of that performed by Group A participants.
The corridor-based 6MWT resulted in significantly higher 6MW distance and 6MW speed than the GRAIL-based 6MWT. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in any of the following secondary outcomes: systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, oxygen saturation, heart rate, dyspnea, and overall fatigue. A strong positive correlation was observed between the 6MW distance and 6MW speed.
The corridor- and GRAIL-based 6MWT should not be used interchangeably.
Enhancing dental x-ray images could be of great importance in helping the dentist for proper diagnosis. Image enhancement by histogram equalization, log transform, gamma correction for multiple gamma ...values, and contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) were considered. Matlab 2015 was used to perform all the enhancement tasks. Dental x-rays images (periapical images) were obtained from a dataset published on the internet. It is preferred to preserve the x-ray images brightness so that the dentist can still use it for diagnosis with gray levels as close as possible to the originals. The CLAHE image enhancement, with eight rows and eight columns with clip limit of 0.01, proves to be the best. Two metrics were used for deciding the best enhancement, the entropy, looking for the highest obtained entropy, and the flatness of the resulted histogram. Eye inspection agrees with the metrics used.
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of oral administration of Camel milk (CM) and whey protein (WP) (1.5 % and 3.0 % in water) - either alone or in a mixture - on obesity parameters and ...lipid profile in rats fed on a high-fat diet. The results revealed that feeding rats on CM or WP significantly reduced body weight gain, adipocyte size and the weight of perirenal adipose tissue, especially when CM was mixed with 1.5 % WP. Feeding rats on CM, WP or a mixture of CM and WP led to a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the levels of LDL and total cholesterol and an improvement (p < 0.05) in the fasting glucose levels. In conclusion, consumption of CM, WP or a mixture of CM and WP reduced the number of large adipocytes and increased the number of small adipocytes, resulting in reduction of the body weight of the rats.
Breast cancer is one of the most health problems in the world. ...it is the main cause of cancer death amongst women especially in developing countries 6. According to a study conducted by Rajaraman ...et al. in 2015, the range of women with breast cancer in India was around 36 per 100,000 whilst in Europe and North America was 92 to 112 per 100,000 women 7. According to the estimation of the American Cancer Society (ACS) in 2016, women deaths resulted from breast cancer was about 40,290 in the United States 8. Trying to enhance the mammography with their labels and backgrounds has led to distract the effects of the enhancement algorithms on the entire image. ...region of the interest (Breast tissue) was firstly extracted as shown in Figure 1 using algorithm designed for that purpose, then all the enhancement algorithms were applied to region of interest (RoI).
Recently, youth intake of added sugar has been growing. The incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has risen dramatically in parallel with these changes. Excess added sugar is a key ...risk factor for weight gain and T2DM in many cohort studies. The current study was implemented to examine the nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice pattern among UAE undergraduates.
Random sampling was used to approach 400 undergraduate students from UAE. The data analysis was performed by using SPSS version 24. A correlation analysis was performed using Pearson and Spearman correlation tests. Statistical analysis was conducted using Chi-square test, T-test, and Kruskal Wallis test.
Added sugar consumption is widely prevalent among university students in UAE. Only 19% of the enrolled sample scored high nutritional knowledge level and 56% of the students were considered heavy consumers. White sugar was the preferred added sweeteners among 90% of the sample.
Our study outcomes recommend that strategies that can successfully reduce added sugar might be a significant stage concerning reversing the devastating escalating trends in diabetes, obesity, and promoting health of all populations in UAE.
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