Quantum confinement permits the existence of multiple terahertz magnon modes in atomically engineered ultrathin magnetic films and multilayers. By means of spin-polarized high-resolution electron ...energy-loss spectroscopy, we report on the direct experimental detection of all exchange-dominated terahertz confined magnon modes in a 3 ML Co film. We demonstrate that, by tuning the structural and magnetic properties of the Co film, through its epitaxial growth on different surfaces, e.g., Ir(001), Cu(001), and Pt(111), one can achieve entirely different in-plane magnon dispersions, characterized by positive and negative group velocities. Our first-principles calculations show that spin-dependent many-body correlation effects in Co films play an important role in the determination of the energies of confined magnon modes. Our results suggest a pathway towards the engineering of the group velocity of confined ultrafast magnons.
Quantitative analysis of irregular anatomical structures is crucial in oral medicine, but clinicians often typically measure only several representative indicators within the structure as references. ...Deep learning semantic segmentation offers the potential for entire quantitative analysis. However, challenges persist, including segmentation difficulties due to unclear boundaries and acquiring measurement landmarks for clinical needs in entire quantitative analysis. Taking the palatal alveolar bone as an example, we proposed an artificial intelligence measurement tool for the entire quantitative analysis of irregular dental structures. To expand the applicability, we have included lightweight networks with fewer parameters and lower computational demands. Our approach finally used the lightweight model LU-Net, addressing segmentation challenges caused by unclear boundaries through a compensation module. Additional enamel segmentation was conducted to establish a measurement coordinate system. Ultimately, we presented the entire quantitative information within the structure in a manner that meets clinical needs. The tool achieved excellent segmentation results, manifested by high Dice coefficients (0.934 and 0.949), intersection over union (0.888 and 0.907), and area under the curve (0.943 and 0.949) for palatal alveolar bone and enamel in the test set. In subsequent measurements, the tool visualizes the quantitative information within the target structure by scatter plots. When comparing the measurements against representative indicators, the tool’s measurement results show no statistically significant difference from the ground truth, with small mean absolute error, root mean squared error, and errors interval. Bland-Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients indicate the satisfactory agreement compared with manual measurements. We proposed a novel intelligent approach to address the entire quantitative analysis of irregular image structures in the clinical setting. This contributes to enabling clinicians to swiftly and comprehensively grasp structural features, facilitating the design of more personalized treatment plans for different patients, enhancing clinical efficiency and treatment success rates in turn.
Fish oil has been replaced by alternative oils to reduce the cost of aquaculture diets, but fish growth may be compromised when fish are fed these oils at suboptimal temperatures. A 5-week feeding ...trial was conducted to examine the interactive effects of water temperature and the partial or total replacement of fish oil with poultry oil and canola oil on the performance of yellowtail kingfish (YTK, Seriola lalandi), in the early stages of the production cycle. Practical diets were identical in composition, except the dietary lipid component was supplemented with 100% lipid as either poultry oil (PO), canola oil (CO), a blend of fish oil and poultry oil (FO/PO; 50:50) or a blend of fish oil and canola oil (FO/CO; 50:50). A control diet was included and the dietary lipid component contained 100% fish oil (FO). Fish fed the CO diet at 18°C had inferior growth performance, feed efficiency and nutrient retention, and showed higher incidences of green liver and lower plasma cholesterol levels than those fed the other diets. Whole body proximate composition was influenced by water temperature, but not diet, except moisture content which was highest in fish fed CO. The fatty acid composition of fillet lipid correlated with the PO and CO inclusion, in that the proportions of 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-6 all increased with increasing dietary PO and CO. The concentrations of 20:5n-3, 22:6n-3 and 20:4n-6 in the fillet lipid were reduced with increasing contents of dietary PO and CO. Our results confirmed that 100% poultry oil and 50% canola oil can replace fish oil in diets without reducing growth, but 100% canola oil results in poor fish growth compared with the FO control, regardless of water temperature. These findings are useful in dietary formulation to reduce feed costs without compromising yellowtail kingfish growth.
► Fish oil is a limited resource and alternative lipid sources in feeds is necessary. ► Replacement with 100% poultry oil and 50% canola oil had no growth effect. ► 100% canola oil is detrimental to fish growth and health. ► 100% canola oil diet increased the occurrence of green liver at low temperatures. ► Providing new information towards more sustainable, cost-effective finfish diets.
Highly biodiversity communities have been shown to better resist plant invasions through complementarity effects. Species richness (SR) is a widely used biodiversity metric but lacks explanatory ...power when there are only a few species. Communities with low SR can have a wide variety of phylogenetic diversities (PD), which might allow for a better prediction of invasibility.
We assessed the effect of diversity reduction of a wetland community assemblage typical of the Beijing area on biotic resistance to invasion of the exotic weed Alternanthera philoxeroides and compared the reduction in SR and PD in predicting community invasibility.
The eight studied resident species performed similarly when grown alone and when grown in eight‐species communities together with the invasive A. philoxeroides. Variation partitioning showed that PD contributed more to variation in both A. philoxeroides traits and community indicators than SR. All A. philoxeroides traits and community indicators, except for evenness index, showed a linear relationship with PD. However, only stem length of A. philoxeroides differed between the one‐ and two‐species treatments, and the diversity index of the communities differed between the one‐ and two‐species treatments and between the one‐ and four‐species treatments.
Our results showed that in natural or semi‐natural wetlands with relatively low SR, PD may be a better predictor of invasibility than SR. When designing management strategies for mitigating A. philoxeroides invasion, deliberately raising PD is expected to be more efficient than simply increasing species number.
In natural or semi‐natural wetlands with relatively low Species richness (SR), Phylogenetic diversities (PD) may be a better predictor of invasibility than Species richness (SR).
Three isonitrogenous diets containing 60 g kg–1, 90 g kg–1 or 120 g kg–1 lipid were formulated and fed to the Litopenaeus vannamei (2.00 ± 0.08 g) under two salinities (25 or 3 psu) in triplicate for ...8 weeks. Shrimp fed 90 g kg–1 lipid had higher weight gain and specific growth rate than shrimp fed the other two diets regardless of salinity, and the hepatosomatic index increased with increasing dietary lipid at both salinities. The shrimp at 3 psu had significantly lower survival and ash content, higher condition factor, weight gain and specific growth rate than the shrimp at 25 psu. Increasing dietary lipid level induced the accumulation of serum MDA regardless of salinity, and at 3 psu, it reduced the serum GOT and GPT activities and the mRNA expression of TNF‐α in intestine and gill of L. vannamei. The hepatopancreatic triacylglycerol lipase (TGL) and CPT‐1 mRNA expression showed the highest value in shrimp fed 90 g kg–1 lipid diet at 3 psu. This study indicates that 120 g kg–1 dietary lipid may negatively affect the growth and induce oxidative damage in shrimp, but can improve immune defence at low salinity; 60 g kg–1 dietary lipid cannot afford the growth and either has no positive impact on the immunology for L. vannamei at 3 psu.
We present the outcomes of flexor pollicis longus tendon repairs in 34 thumbs using a six-strand M-Tang repair with venting of one or two pulleys according to site of tendon laceration. The A2 pulley ...was vented in all three thumbs with zone 1 injury. In 31 thumbs with zone 2 injuries, the oblique pulley was vented partially or entirely. Twenty-two thumbs had both the A1 and oblique pulleys vented. Six to 46 months post-surgery, 14 thumbs with zone 2 injuries were rated excellent, 13 good, three fair and one failure according to Tang criteria. No tendon ruptures or bowstringing occurred. Fourteen of 34 thumbs had deficits in interphalangeal joint extension averaging 13°. We conclude that venting of one or two pulleys may ensure recovery of thumb function without risking tendon bowstringing and that early active thumb motion is safe with a robust tendon repair.
Level of evidence: IV
•Gradient metal foams’ forced convective heat transfer is numerically studied.•Morphology gradients deeply influence solid and fluid temperature profile.•The velocity decreases with increasing ...interfacial radius.•Porosity gradient effect on friction factor increases with increasing pore-density.
Gradient metal foams (GMFs) are novel porous structures and have great potential in heat transfer performance. In the present study, fully developed forced convective heat transfer in tubes sintered with partially-filled GMFs is numerically investigated. The inner surface of the tubes is subjected to constant heat flux. In the GMF region, the Brinkman extended Darcy flow model and the local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) model are used to predict fluid and thermal transport. At the layer-layer interface in GMF, fluid temperature and solid energy are assumed to be continuous. At the GMF-fluid interface, no-slip coupling conditions are used to couple flow and heat transfer of the foam and free regions. Velocity distribution, temperature profile, the friction factor and Nusselt number in partially-filled GMF tubes are calculated. The results show that the heat transfer performance and flow resistance of GMFs are heavily dependent on porosity, pore density and GMF thickness gradients.
Two 7‐week feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the capacity of golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) to use soy protein concentrate (SPC) as a dietary fish meal substitute. In trial I, fish were ...fed with a control diet (C) containing 400 g kg−1 fish meal and other four diets in which the fish meal in diet C was replaced by SPC at 20 (R20), 40 (R40), 60 (R60) and 80% (R80). In trial II, a 3 × 2 design was used, and 40 and 80% of the fish meal in diet C were replaced by SPC, with or without 5 g kg−1 taurine supplementation (six diets, C + T, R40 + T, R80 + T, C, R40 and R80, were formulated). In trial I, no significant difference was found in the feed intake between feeding treatments. The weight gain and nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE) decreased, whereas the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and phosphorus retention efficiency (PRE) increased, with decreasing dietary levels of fish meal. No significant differences were found in the weight gain, FCR and NRE between fish fed diets C and R20, whereas fish fed diets C and R20 had higher weight gain than those fed diets R40, R60 and R80. In trial II, no significant differences were found in the feed intake, weight gain, FCR, NRE and PRE between fish fed diets C + T and C. No significant differences were found in the feed intake, weight gain and NRE between fish fed diets R40 and R40 + T or between fish fed diets R80 and R80 + T. At the end of trial II, no significant differences were found in the condition factor, hepatosomatic index and body composition between fish fed diets C and C + T, or between fish diets R40 and R40 + T, or between fish fed diets R80 and R80 + T, except that fish fed diet R40 had lower body protein content than that of fish fed diet R40 + T. The present study reveals that taurine supplementation can elevate fish meal replacement level by SPC in the golden pompano diets. Fish meal can be reduced from 400 to 320 g kg−1, if fish meal is substituted by SPC without taurine supplementation, and can be further reduced to 240 g kg−1, if fish meal is substituted by SPC with 5 g kg−1 taurine supplementation.
Due to their high safety, low cost, eco-friendliness, and impressive electrochemical performance, rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) show great potential as electrical energy storage devices for ...large-scale applications. Nonetheless, recently developed ZIBs still suffer from low cycling stability and high capacity fading. Such shortcomings are caused by the reversibility of both zinc (Zn) and the cathode host material, as well as hydrogen evolution in aqueous electrolytes, which are naturally protic solvents. Herein, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a polar aprotic solvent, is examined as an electrolyte for a ZIB. Zn stripping/plating in DMSO-based electrolytes shows excellent reversibility and dendrite-free morphology. During charging and resting modes, hydrogen evolution is effectively inhibited. Insertion/extraction of Zn ions in DMSO-based electrolytes into delta-type manganese dioxide (δ-MnO2) demonstrates high stability, achieving a decent initial capacity of 159 mAh/g at 50 mA/g and a nominal discharge voltage of 1.15 V. At 100 mA/g charge/discharge cycling, the ZIB, having the DMSO-based electrolyte, can pass 1000 cycles, displaying a capacity retention of 60%. Overall, the improved performance of ZIBs can be attained using DMSO-based electrolytes. Results pave the way towards the practical application of ZIBs.
•Highly stable zinc-ion battery using dimethyl sulfoxide electrolyte.•Reversible zinc stripping/plating without passivation and dendrite formation.•Stable zinc-ion insertion/extraction into/from manganese oxide structure.•No hydrogen production during charging and self-corrosion of zinc in dimethyl sulfoxide electrolyte.•Initial capacity of 159 mAh/g with a capacity retention of 60% over 1000 cycles.
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