A four-stage intelligent optimization and control algorithm for an electric vehicle (EV) bidirectional charging station equipped with photovoltaic generation and fixed battery energy storage and ...integrated with a commercial building is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm aims at maximally reducing the customer satisfaction-involved operational cost considering the potential uncertainties, while balancing the real-time supply and demand by adjusting the optimally scheduled charging/discharging of EV mobile/local battery storage, grid supply, and deferrable load. The chance-constrained optimization objective has been stated in stages: 1) stage I, optimization of day-ahead energy management schedules; 2) stage II, multitiered EV charging price update and optimization of discharging participation bonus; 3) stage III, optimization of hour-ahead energy management schedules; and 4) stage IV, real-time control. Such algorithm provides more resilience for unpredictable conditions, provides more incentives for EV users to participate, and better coordinates the integrated system including the building load to reliably serve the customers while lessening cost. Case studies are implemented and the comparison analysis is performed in terms of the use and benefit of each design feature of the algorithm. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm can reduce the operational cost and at the same time provide higher tolerability toward uncertainties.
Gut microbial dysbiosis and alteration of microbial metabolites in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been increasingly reported. Dysbiosis in the composition and abundance of gut microbiota can affect ...both the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system (CNS), indicating the existence of a microbiota-gut-brain axis and thereby causing CNS diseases. Disturbance of the microbiota-gut-brain axis has been linked to specific microbial products that are related to gut inflammation and neuroinflammation. Future directions should therefore focus on the exploration of specific gut microbes or microbial metabolites that contribute to the development of PD. Microbiota-targeted interventions, such as antibiotics, probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, have been shown to favorably affect host health. In this review, recent findings regarding alterations and the role of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in PD are summarized, and potential molecular mechanisms and microbiota-targeted interventions in PD are discussed.
As two coexisting and fast-growing research fields in modern synthetic chemistry, the merging of organocatalysis and C–H bond functionalization is well foreseeable, and the joint force along this ...line has been demonstrated to be a powerful approach in making inert C–H bond functionalization more viable, predictable, and selective. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of organocatalysis in inert C–H bond functionalization over the past two decades. The review is arranged by types of inert C–H bonds including alkane C–H, arene C–H, and vinyl C–H as well as those activated benzylic C–H, allylic C–H, and C–H bonds alpha to the heteroatom such as nitrogen and oxygen. In each section, the discussion is classified by the explicit organocatalytic mode involved.
Melatonin (N‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine) plays important roles in plant defences against a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses, including UV‐B stress. Molecular mechanisms underlying functions of ...melatonin in plant UV‐B responses are poorly understood. Here, we show that melatonin effect on molecular signalling pathways, physiological changes and UV‐B stress resistance in Arabidopsis. Both exogenous and endogenous melatonin affected expression of UV‐B signal transduction pathway genes. Experiments using UV‐B signalling component mutants cop1‐4 and hy5‐215 revealed that melatonin not only acts as an antioxidant to promote UV‐B stress resistance, but also regulates expression of several key components of UV‐B signalling pathway, including ubiquitin‐degrading enzyme (COP1), transcription factors (HY5, HYH) and RUP1/2. Our findings indicate that melatonin delays and subsequently enhances expression of COP1, HY5, HYH and RUP1/2, which act as central effectors in UV‐B signalling pathway, thus regulating their effects on antioxidant systems to protect the plant from UV‐B stress.
Several studies have demonstrated that melatonin plays a role in UV‐B responses, however, the molecular mechanism whereby melatonin affects the UV‐B pathway was not clear. This study examined the function of melatonin in molecular signaling pathways, physiological changes, and UV‐B stress resistance under UV‐B radiation in Arabidopsis. Exogenous melatonin treatment experiment indicated that melatonin could enhance the transcriptional level of genes on UV‐B signaling pathway and ameliorate ROS damage caused by UV‐B stress. This result was verified in SNAT overexpressing lines and knock‐down mutant.
Background and aims
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection has recently spread worldwide and been ...declared a pandemic. We aim to describe here the various clinical presentations of this disease by examining eleven cases.
Methods
Electronic medical records of 11 patients with COVID‐19 were collected, and demographics, clinical manifestations, outcomes, key laboratory results, and radiological images are discussed.
Results
The clinical course of the eleven cases demonstrated the complexity of the COVID‐19 profile with different clinical presentations. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic cases to patients with mild and severe symptoms, with or without pneumonia. Laboratory detection of the viral nucleic acid can yield false‐negative results, and serological testing of virus‐specific IgG and IgM antibodies should be used as an alternative for diagnosis. Patients with common allergic diseases did not develop distinct symptoms and severe courses. Cases with a pre‐existing condition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or complicated with a secondary bacterial pneumonia were more severe.
Conclusion
All different clinical characteristics of COVID‐19 should be taken into consideration to identify patients that need to be in strict quarantine for the efficient containment of the pandemic.
Clinical manifestations of COVID‐19 range from asymptomatic cases to patients with mild and severe symptoms, with or without pneumonia. Laboratory detection of the viral nucleic acid can yield false‐negative results, and serological testing of virus‐specific IgG and IgM antibodies should be used as an alternative for diagnosis. Patients with common allergic diseases did not develop distinct symptoms and severe courses. Cases with a pre‐existing condition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or complicated with a secondary bacterial pneumonia were more severe.
This review summarizes the recent progress the emerging area of photochemical reaction initiated by Electron-donor–acceptor (EDA) complex in synthetic organic chemistry. Recent developments in the ...photochemical carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond formation using expensive transition-metal catalysts, toxic reagents, photoinduced bond dissociation are well known. Although the physicochemical properties of EDA complexes have been enormously studied in applied and materials chemistry but their use in synthetic chemistry remains unexplored. Great importance has given to develop an environmentally benign technology in order to improve the processes of radical generation. The radical reaction via EDA complexes process attracted much attention and achieved many advances in organic synthetic filed owing to avoiding the use of expensive transition-metal catalysts, toxic reagents, as well as explosive oxidants. We believe that this review will update researchers focused on searching new photochemical reaction via EDA mechanism and will encourage further growth in this field.
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•This review aims to describe representative synthetic applications via EDA process.•EDA process provides a valuable method to construct C-X bond under mild conditions.•EDA process is remarkable for the possibilities to design new photocatalysis system.•EDA complex-mediated organic synthesis is still at their early stage.
This review summarizes the recent progress the emerging area of photochemical reaction initiated by Electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) complex in synthetic organic chemistry. Recent developments in the photochemical carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond formation using expensive transition-metal catalysts, toxic reagents, photoinduced bond dissociation are well known. Although the physicochemical properties of EDA complexes have been enormously studied in applied and materials chemistry but their use in synthetic chemistry remains unexplored. Great importance has given to develop an environmentally benign technology in order to improve the processes of radical generation. The radical reaction via EDA complexes process attracted much attention and achieved many advances in organic synthetic filed owing to avoiding the use of expensive transition-metal catalysts, toxic reagents, as well as explosive oxidants. We believe that this review will update researchers focused on searching new photochemical reaction via EDA mechanism and will encourage further growth in this field.
The development of chemically recyclable polymers presents the most appealing solution to address the plastics’ end‐of‐use problem. Despite the recent advancements, it is highly desirable to develop ...chemically recyclable polymers from commercially available monomers to avoid the costly and time‐consuming commercialization. In this contribution, we achieve the controlled ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of bio‐sourced δ‐caprolactone (δCL) using strong base/urea binary catalysts. The obtained PδCL is capable of chemical recycling to δCL in an almost quantitative yield by thermolysis. Sequential ROP of δCL and l‐lactide (l‐LA) affords well‐defined PLLA‐b‐PδCL‐b‐PLLA triblock copolymers, which behave as thermoplastic elastomers with excellent elastic recovery, tensile strength and ultimate elongation. The upcycling of PLLA‐b‐PδCL‐b‐PLLA to recover ethyl lactate and δCL with high yields is achieved by refluxing with ethanol and then distillation under reduced pressure.
This work presents the controlled ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of δ‐caprolactone (δCL) to produce high‐molecular‐weight PδCL that was capable to recycle back to pristine monomer with an almost quantitative yield (≈99 %). Well‐defined PLLA‐b‐PδCL‐b‐PLLA triblock copolymers with excellent mechanical properties can be easily prepared by sequential ROP of δCL and l‐lactide.
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