This paper studies the complexity between states in quantum field theory by introducing a Finsler structure based on ladder operators (the generalization of creation and annihilation operators). Two ...simple models are shown as examples to clarify the differences between complexity and other conceptions such as complexity of formation and entanglement entropy. When it is applied into thermofield double (TFD) states in d-dimensional conformal field theory, results show that the complexity density between them and corresponding vacuum states are finite and proportional to Td−1, where T is the temperature of TFD state. Especially, a proof is given to show that fidelity susceptibility of a TFD state is equivalent to the complexity between it and corresponding vacuum state, which gives an explanation why they may share the same object in holographic duality. Some enlightenments to holographic conjectures of complexity are also discussed.
This paper proves that if eternal neutral black holes satisfy some general conditions and matter fields only appear in the outside of the Killing horizon, the strong energy condition is a sufficient ...condition to insure that the vacuum Schwarzschild black hole has the fastest action growth of the same total energy. This result is consistent with the bound of computational complexity growth rate and gives strong evidence for the holographic complexity-action conjecture.
Severe influenza remains unusual in its virulence for humans. Complications or ultimately death arising from these infections are often associated with hyperinduction of proinflammatory cytokine ...production, which is also known as ＇cytokine storm＇. For this disease, it has been proposed that immunomodulatory therapy may improve the outcome, with or without the combination of antiviral agents. Here, we review the current literature on how various effectors of the immune system initiate the cytokine storm and exacerbate pathological damage in hosts. We also review some of the current immunomodulatory strategies for the treatment of cytokine storms in severe influenza, including corticosteroids, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, sphingosine-l-phosphate receptor 1 agonists, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, antioxidants, anti-tumour-necrosis factor therapy, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, statins, arbidol, herbs, and other potential therapeutic strategies.
Borderless e-commerce originated within the international trade domain and has been significantly shaped by the societal backdrop of economic globalization and the rapid advancement of internet ...technologies. This evolution has given rise to numerous B2C borderless e-commerce platforms. While there has been a growing recognition of the importance of service innovation, there remains an incomplete understanding and a need for further refinement in the service evaluation system. Consequently, the scientific assessment and enhancement of service innovation capabilities have become focal points of research both domestically and internationally. Existing research has predominantly focused on the development models and challenges of import e-commerce retail platforms, with theoretical studies taking precedence. However, there is relatively limited emphasis on the evaluation and empirical analysis of service innovation capabilities in borderless e-commerce platforms. This study aims to bridge the existing research gap by constructing a scientifically accurate evaluation framework and employing statistical methods to comprehensively investigate and assess the service innovation levels of Chinese import borderless e-commerce retail platforms. To address this gap in understanding, this study has selected four import borderless e-commerce retail platforms in China as research subjects. Subsequently, an evaluation model for these import borderless e-commerce retail platforms was constructed through factor analysis to establish an evaluation index system. Then, the service innovation abilities of these four platforms were calculated and ranked within this index system using the TOPSIS model. This process facilitates a deeper exploration of the underlying reasons for their differences and provides clear developmental pathways for these platforms to bolster their service innovation capabilities. The results indicate that there exists a direct correlation between the market share and popularity of e-commerce platforms and their service innovation capabilities. Furthermore, luxury brand marketing and high market share can significantly enhance their service performance. These findings carry valuable implications for guiding the development of borderless e-commerce import platforms.
Backscattering suppression in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) is one of the central issues to reduce energy loss and signal distortion, enabling for capability improvement of modern information processing ...systems. Valley physics provides an intriguing way for robust information transfer and unidirectional coupling in topological nanophotonics. Here we realize topological transport in a SOI valley photonic crystal slab. Localized Berry curvature near zone corners guarantees the existence of valley-dependent edge states below light cone, maintaining in-plane robustness and light confinement simultaneously. Topologically robust transport at telecommunication is observed along two sharp-bend interfaces in subwavelength scale, showing flat-top high transmission of ~10% bandwidth. Topological photonic routing is achieved in a bearded-stack interface, due to unidirectional excitation of valley-chirality-locked edge state from the phase vortex of a nanoscale microdisk. These findings show the prototype of robustly integrated devices, and open a new door towards the observation of non-trivial states even in non-Hermitian systems.
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We establish a no inner-horizon theorem for black holes with charged scalar hairs. Considering a general gravitational theory with a charged scalar field, we prove that there exists no ...inner Cauchy horizon for both spherical and planar black holes with non-trivial scalar hair. The hairy black holes approach to a spacelike singularity at late interior time. This result is independent of the form of scalar potentials as well as the asymptotic boundary of spacetimes. We prove that the geometry near the singularity takes a universal Kasner form when the kinetic term of the scalar hair dominates, while novel behaviors different from the Kasner form are uncovered when the scalar potential become important to the background. For the hyperbolic horizon case, we show that hairy black hole can only has at most one inner horizon, and a concrete example with an inner horizon is presented. All these features are also valid for the Einstein gravity coupled with neutral scalars.
In December, 2019, a pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) emerged in Wuhan, China. We aimed to further clarify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of ...2019-nCoV pneumonia.
In this retrospective, single-centre study, we included all confirmed cases of 2019-nCoV in Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital from Jan 1 to Jan 20, 2020. Cases were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and were analysed for epidemiological, demographic, clinical, and radiological features and laboratory data. Outcomes were followed up until Jan 25, 2020.
Of the 99 patients with 2019-nCoV pneumonia, 49 (49%) had a history of exposure to the Huanan seafood market. The average age of the patients was 55·5 years (SD 13·1), including 67 men and 32 women. 2019-nCoV was detected in all patients by real-time RT-PCR. 50 (51%) patients had chronic diseases. Patients had clinical manifestations of fever (82 83% patients), cough (81 82% patients), shortness of breath (31 31% patients), muscle ache (11 11% patients), confusion (nine 9% patients), headache (eight 8% patients), sore throat (five 5% patients), rhinorrhoea (four 4% patients), chest pain (two 2% patients), diarrhoea (two 2% patients), and nausea and vomiting (one 1% patient). According to imaging examination, 74 (75%) patients showed bilateral pneumonia, 14 (14%) patients showed multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity, and one (1%) patient had pneumothorax. 17 (17%) patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome and, among them, 11 (11%) patients worsened in a short period of time and died of multiple organ failure.
The 2019-nCoV infection was of clustering onset, is more likely to affect older males with comorbidities, and can result in severe and even fatal respiratory diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome. In general, characteristics of patients who died were in line with the MuLBSTA score, an early warning model for predicting mortality in viral pneumonia. Further investigation is needed to explore the applicability of the MuLBSTA score in predicting the risk of mortality in 2019-nCoV infection.
National Key R&D Program of China.
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We investigate the time evolution of the complexity of the operator by the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model with
N
Majorana fermions. We follow Nielsen’s idea of complexity geometry and ...geodesics thereof. We show that it is possible that the bi- invariant complexity geometry can exhibit the conjectured time evolution of the complexity in chaotic systems: i) linear growth until
t ∼ e
N
, ii) saturation and small fluctuations after then. We also show that the Lloyd’s bound is realized in this model. Interestingly, these characteristic features appear only if the complexity geometry is the most natural “non-Riemannian” Finsler geometry. This serves as a concrete example showing that the bi-invariant complexity may be a competitive candidate for the complexity in quantum mechanics/field theory (QM/QFT). We provide another argument showing a naturalness of bi-invariant complexity in QM/QFT. That is that the bi-invariance naturally implies the equivalence of the right-invariant complexity and left-invariant complexity, either of which may correspond to the complexity of a given operator. Without bi-invariance, one needs to answer why only right (left) invariant complexity corresponds to the “complexity”, instead of only left (right) invariant complexity.
The electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a critical anode reaction often coupled with electron or photoelectron CO2 reduction and H2 evolution reactions at the cathode for renewable ...energy conversion and storage. However, the sluggish OER kinetics and the utilization of precious metal catalysts are key obstacles in the broad deployment of these energy technologies. Herein, inexpensive supported 4 nm Ni–Fe nanoparticles (Ni y Fe1–y O x /C) featuring amorphous structures have been prepared via a solution-phase nanocapsule method for active and durable OER electrocatalysts in alkaline electrolyte. The Ni–Fe nanoparticle catalyst containing 31% Fe (Ni0.69Fe0.31O x /C) shows the highest activity, exhibiting a 280 mV overpotential at 10 mA cm–2 (equivalent to 10% efficiency of solar-to-fuel conversion) and a Tafel slope of 30 mV dec–1 in 1.0 M KOH solution. The achieved OER activity outperforms NiO x /C and commercial Ir/C catalysts and is close to the highest performance of crystalline Ni–Fe thin films reported in the literature. In addition, a Faradaic efficiency of 97% measured on Ni0.69Fe0.31O x /C suggests that carbon support corrosion and further oxidation of nanoparticle catalysts are negligible during the electrocatalytic OER tests. Ni0.69Fe0.31O x /C further demonstrates high stability as there is no apparent OER activity loss (based on a chronoamperometry test) or particle aggregation (based on TEM image observation) after a 6 h anodization test. The high efficiency and durability make these supported amorphous Ni–Fe nanoparticles potentially applicable in the (photo)electrochemical cells for water splitting to make H2 fuel or CO2 reduction to produce usable fuels and chemicals.
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This paper provides a holographic approach to compute some most-frequently used quantum distances and quasi-distances in strongly coupling systems and conformal field theories. By choosing ...modular ground state as the reference state, it finds that the trace distance, Fubini-Study distance, Bures distance and Rényi relative entropy, all have gravity duals. Their gravity duals have two equivalent descriptions: one is given by the integration of the area of a cosmic brane, the other one is given by the Euclidian on-shell action of dual theory and the area of the cosmic brane. It then applies these duals into the 2-dimensional conformal field theory as examples and finds the results match with the computations of field theory exactly.
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