Tumor cells exhibit unique metabolic adaptations that are increasingly viewed as potential targets for novel and specific cancer therapies. Among these targets, the carnitine palmitoyltransferase ...system is responsible for delivering the long-chain fatty acid (FA) from cytoplasm into mitochondria for oxidation, where carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPTI) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of fatty acid oxidation (FAO). With increasing understanding of the crucial role had by fatty acid oxidation in cancer, CPTI has received renewed attention as a pivotal mediator in cancer metabolic mechanism. CPTI activates FAO and fuels cancer growth via ATP and NADPH production, constituting an essential part of cancer metabolism adaptation. Moreover, CPTI also functionally intertwines with other key pathways and factors to regulate gene expression and apoptosis of cancer cell. Here, we summarize recent findings and update the current understanding of FAO and CPTI in cancer and provide theoretical basis for this enzyme as an emerging potential molecular target in cancer therapeutic intervention.
As an effective, efficient, and economic approach for water purification, adsorbents and adsorption processes have been widely studied and applied in different aspects for a long time. In the recent ...years, a lot of novel adsorption processes have been developed for enhancing the efficiency of removing the organic and inorganic contaminants from water. This article reviews some new adsorbents and advanced adsorption methods that specialize in their compositions, structures, functions, and characteristics used in water treatment. The review emphasizes adsorption/catalytic oxidation process, adsorption/catalytic reduction process, adsorption coupled with redox process, biomimetic sorbent and its sorption behaviors of POPs, and modified adsorbents and their water purification efficiency.
MicroRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) have been demonstrated to participate in the progression of many cancers. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and aggressive ...malignant tumors worldwide, while the molecular mechanisms underlying HCC tumorigenesis are not completely clear. In this study, we showed that miR-92b was significantly upregulated in tumor tissue and plasma of HCC patients, and its expression level was highly correlated with gender and microvascular invasion. Functionally, miR-92b could promote cell proliferation and metastasis of HCC in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigations suggested that Smad7, which exhibited an inverse relationship with miR-92b expression in HCC, was a direct target of miR-92b and could reverse its effects on HCC tumorigenesis. Furthermore, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) and miR-92b could directly interact with and repress each other, and XIST could inhibit HCC cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting miR-92b. Taken together, our study not only revealed for the first time the importance of XIST/miR-92b/Smad7 signaling axis in HCC progression but also suggested the potential value of miR-92b as a biomarker in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
•The multi-fold binary Darboux transformation for a three-component Gross-Pitaevskii system are presented.•We derive three new types of exponential-and-rational mixed soliton solutions.•Interaction ...mechanisms between the mixed and exponential solitons are classified in the six cases.
The Bose-Einstein-condensation applications give rise to the superfluidity in the liquid helium and superconductivity in the metals. In this paper, we work on a three-component Gross-Pitaevskii system, which describes the matter waves in an spin-1 spinor Bose-Einstein condensate. We construct a multi-fold binary Darboux transformation with the zero seed solutions to describe the three vertical spin projection of the spin-1 spinor BEC, which is different from all the existing Darboux-type ones for the same system, and derive three types of the exponential-and-rational mixed soliton solutions associated with two conjugate complex eigenvalues. For such mixed solitons, we give their asymptotic expressions, indicating that they consist of the Ieda-Miyakawa-Wadati (IMW)-polar-state or IMW-ferromagnetic solitons but possess the time-dependent velocities. Asymptotically and graphically, interaction mechanisms between the mixed and exponential solitons are classified in six cases, and we exhibit the inelastic and elastic interactions through calculating the modifications of the polarization matrices and phase shifts for the two interacting solitons. We find that both the IMW-polar-state solitons, including the mixed and exponential solitons, can not alter the other soliton’s intensity distribution during the interaction, while the mixed or exponential soliton in the IMW-ferromagnetic state does.
This article uses the topological optimization method to optimize the flow field of radial proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Due to the high computational cost of this method, the model was ...simplified to a two-dimensional model, and the cathode flow field was studied under isothermal and steady-state conditions. Using the gradient-based algorithm SNOPT, the flow field evolves freely in the sector design domain to maximize battery power and minimize reaction energy loss. Perform 3D modeling of the obtained optimized model and optimize the longitudinal depth by applying different tilt angles and obstacles. The results indicate that the application of obstacles has a significant optimization effect on speed. Setting the gradient has a better effect on the oxygen concentration distribution. With the increase of the gradient, the uniformity of the oxygen concentration distribution is also increased. As the inclination increases, the pressure difference of the reaction gas gradually increases, and the pressure uniformly decreases. After setting obstacles, the pressure of the reaction gas decreases step by step after passing through each obstacle. The effect of increasing the inclination to increase the average current density is better than setting obstacles, and the comprehensive effect of setting an inclination of 2° is the best at working voltages of 0.5 V and 0.6 V.
Atoms at a free surface experience a different local environment than do atoms in the bulk of a material. As a result, the energy associated with these atoms will, in general, be different from that ...of the atoms in the bulk. The excess energy associated with surface atoms is called surface free energy. In traditional continuum mechanics, such surface free energy is typically neglected because it is associated with only a few layers of atoms near the surface and the ratio of the volume occupied by the surface atoms and the total volume of material of interest is extremely small. However, for nano-size particles, wires and films, the surface to volume ratio becomes significant, and so does the effect of surface free energy. In this paper, a framework is developed to incorporate the surface free energy into the continuum theory of mechanics. Based on this approach, it is demonstrated that the overall elastic behavior of structural elements (such as particles, wires, films) is size-dependent. Although such size-dependency is negligible for conventional structural elements, it becomes significant when at least one of the dimensions of the element shrinks to nanometers. Numerical examples are given in the paper to illustrate quantitatively the effects of surface free energy on the elastic properties of nano-size particles, wires and films.
Maifan stone is a kind of mineral medicine in Chinese medicine, which has good adsorption, dissolution, mineralization and biological activity. It has an excellent therapeutic effect on livestock, ...poultry and aquatic animals suffering from intestinal diseases. This study explored the effect of Maifan stone on the growth ability of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (L. rhamnosus GG) and the effect of Maifan stone‐L. rhamnosus GG‐fermented product on the intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota. We find that Maifan stone can adsorb L. rhamnosus GG to form a carrier bacteria. Maifan stone has the characteristics of acid tolerance and bile salt tolerance and can also improve the activity of L. rhamnosus GG in artificial gastrointestinal juice. The fermented product can reduce the degree of diarrhoea and colon pathology in rats to a certain extent and significantly improve intestinal inflammatory factors and gut microbiota. This study improves the application effect of L. rhamnosus GG in the prevention and treatment of diarrhoea animals and provides a scientific basis for the rational development of Maifan stone resources.
Significance and Impact of the Study: This study explored the influence of Maifan stone‐Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG‐fermented product in rats with diarrhoea. We found that Maifan stone and the fermented product can reduce the degree of colon pathology in rats to a certain extent, and significantly improve intestinal inflammatory factors and gut microbiota. Therefore, we can reasonably infer that the fermented products are expected to be developed as feed additives, which can replace antibiotics to prevent and treat livestock and poultry intestinal diseases, improve their resistance, reduce feed coefficient, increase feed conversion ratio and improve production performance.
Soil infiltrability, or infiltration capacity, is the rate at which water penetrates into the soil at a rate directly controlled by soil factors alone. The infiltrability is of great importance in ...understanding and managing hydrological processes, crop water supply, irrigation, and soil erosion. The infiltration dynamics measured with the run off-on-out (ROOO) method follows the changes in infiltrability during the infiltration process under rainfall conditions. In this study, the ROOO method was used to quantitatively measure the soil infiltrability under three rainfall intensities (20, 40 and 60
mm/h) and three antecedent soil moisture contents (2.6%, 10.4% and 19.5%, equivalent to 7.5% (air-dry), 30% and 60% of field capacity, respectively, of a clay loam soil. The soil infiltrability determined by the ROOO method decreased with increase in initial soil water content, due to the lower hydraulic gradient at the wetting front. Surface seal formation due to raindrop impact had a significant influence on soil infiltrability and was related to the soil water content. The faster wetting rate of drier soil under higher rainfall intensities, or when using the double-ring infiltrometer for comparison, caused severe aggregate breakdown to promote surface sealing, and significant decrease in soil infiltrability. Cumulative infiltration increased rapidly at the beginning of the infiltration process and then increased approximately linearly with time as the infiltration rate approached to constant. The rate of increase in cumulative infiltration was less under higher initial soil water contents, especially in the initial rainfall stage. Moreover, lower rainfall intensity resulted in higher infiltration rates and greater cumulative infiltration. The soil infiltrability processes measured with the ROOO method were fitted better by Kostiakov, Horton and Philip infiltration models than those measured by the double-ring infiltrometer method. The ROOO method provided reliable data for the entire infiltration process without the limitations of conventional rainfall simulation during the initial phase or of the drawbacks of the double-ring infiltrometer method. The results will have introductory meanings to further studies along this line.
In this work, we introduced highly thermally conductive and fibrous amino multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MCNT-NH2) into hexagonal boron nitride/liquid crystal epoxy resin (h-BN/LCER) composites to ...improve the thermal conductivity of the composites. First, we prepared hexagonal boron nitride@amino multi-walled carbon nanotubes (h-BN@MCNT-NH2) hybrid fillers. Then, the amino group in the hybrid filler participated in the curing process of the epoxy resin to prepare hexagonal boron nitride@amino multi-walled carbon nanotubes/liquid crystal epoxy resin (h-BN@MCNT-NH2/LCER) composites. Subsequently, its thermal conductivity was tested and analyzed using the Agari's model and microstructure of the composites, and we can come to conclude that the thermal conductivity of h-BN@MCNT-NH2/LCER composites is higher than that of h-BN/LCER at the same filler content. The main reason is that the addition of MCNT-NH2 plays a role in increasing the thermal conduction path of h-BN/LCER composites and decreasing the large interface thermal resistance of fillers and resin matrix. Finally, the usability and thermal conductivity of h-BN@MCNT-NH2/LECR composites were verified by light-emitting diode (LED) lamps. The temperature of LED lamp using 50% h-BN@MCNT-NH2/LCER composites was eventually stabilized at 27.7 °C, it is expected that 50% h-BN@MCNT-NH2/LCER composites will be used in LED electronic products.
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