In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different proportions of red corn rich in anthocyanins on the diet of fattening lambs considering their productive traits, blood metabolic profile, ...and antioxidative status. The research was carried out with 30 Merinolandschaf lambs, 90 days old and weaned. The feed mixture for lambs (n = 10) of the control group contained yellow corn, while in the feed mixture of experimental group I (n = 10), yellow corn was replaced with red corn at 50% (RC50), and in experimental group II (n = 10), yellow corn was 100% replaced with red corn (RC100). An automatic three-part differential haematology analyser was used to determine haematological parameters in whole blood, and biochemical parameters were determined in blood serum using a biochemical analyser. A diet containing red corn did not affect productive traits or the majority of the examined parameters. However, higher blood haemoglobin content, increased aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase activity, and decreased glucose and non-esterified fatty acids concentrations were found in the serum of RC100 lambs. These results indicate a positive effect of red corn rich in anthocyanins on the metabolic profile without any changes in the productive traits of lambs.
The objective of this study was to assess the impact that diets supplemented with grape seed cake rich in polyphenols had on lactating goats. The study investigated the quantity and quality of goat ...milk, the metabolic profile of blood, and the antioxidative status. The study involved 24 French Alpine dairy goats throughout their lactation period. The goats were, on average, 5 years old (±three months) and in the fourth lactation. The experiment lasted for 58 days. The control group (CON) had a diet without grape seed cake (GSC). The experimental groups were given a diet containing 5% and 10% GSC on a dry matter basis (GSC5 and GSC10, respectively). A slightly higher milk production, as well as protein and fat milk content, were found in GSC5 and GSC10, but the differences were not significant. Goat milk in the GSC10 group exhibited significantly higher activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase, as well as decreased concentrations of GUK and SCC. The feeding treatments did not affect significant differences in hematological and biochemical indicators, except for the BHB content, which can be associated with a higher energy value of feed containing GSC. There was an observed elevation in the activity of SOD within the blood of GSC5, and GSC10 was measured as well. The determined changes justify the supplementation of GSC rich in polyphenols to goat feed, especially in the amount of 10%, as it can reduce stress caused by lactation, which is known as a very stressful production period for animals.
This study investigated the effect of red corn in the feed mixture of dairy goats on production traits, blood metabolic profile, and antioxidative status. The study was conducted on 30 French Alpine ...dairy goats. The feed mixture for the goats in the control group (CC) contained yellow corn (100%). In the first experimental group (RC50), yellow corn was partially (50%) replaced by red corn (RC), and in the second experimental group (RC100), yellow corn was completely (100%) replaced by red corn. No significance variations (p > 0.05) were determined in production traits of dairy goats between dietary treatments. A significant increase in hemoglobin (84.43, 100.00 and 106.55 g/L), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (7.98, 9.70 and 12.54 pg), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (293.57, 357.50 and 462.78 g/L) was found in the RC groups, and a decrease in erythrocytes in the RC100 compared with the RC50 group of goats (from 8.71 to 10.45 × 1012 L). A significant increase in blood superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the RC groups was found (0.29, 0.53, and 0.44 U/mL). The results indicate maintaining production traits and a moderate effect on blood metabolic profile (most hematologic parameters) as well as a positive antioxidative effect RC.
The aim of this study was to determine the quality of corn silage as the dominant component in the diet of dairy cows in three counties of Eastern Croatia; Brod-Posavina, Osijek-Baranja, and ...Vukovar-Srijem. The practical part of the research included 25 dairy farms in each County in which corn silage was sampled and then analyzed. The monitored nutritional, fermentative, and physical indicators expressed as average values were satisfactory. Indicators of chemical composition: dry matter (DM) = 349 g/kg, crude protein = 71 g/kg DM, crude ash = 39 g/kg DM, crude fiber = 186 g/kg DM, acidic detergent fiber (ADF) = 212 g/kg DM, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) = 393 g/kg DM, acidic detergent lignin (ADL) = 17 g/kg DM, starch = 325 g kg DM, energy value expressed in net energy for lactation (NEL, MJ/kg DM) = 6.78, average digestibility of organic matter (dOM) = 75.8% and digestible neutral detergent fibers (dNDF)= 53.7%. Indicators of silage fermentation included the measurement of an average pH of 3.86, a concentration of lactic acid = 56.37 g/kg DM, and acetic acid of 20.68 g/kg DM. Physical indicator, determination of silage particle size distribution (three sieve system) recorded following values: sieve 1 = 7.1%; sieve 2 = 56.3%; sieve 3 = 24.8% and box at the bottom = 11.7%. Given the established statistical significance of the tested differences in average values for nine indicators of nutritional and energy value of corn silage between counties, it is possible to confirm that the quality of silage was better in Osijek-Baranja and Brod-Posavina counties than in Vukovar-Srijem County. Based on significant deviations in the minimum and maximum, and by determining a larger number of non-compliant samples in some indicators than the average values, it leads to the conclusion of uneven quality of silage in some producers.
The addition of oilseeds and their cakes to the diets of lactating dairy goats is an alternative to supplemental feeding, which improves the lipid profile of goat cheeses. The objective of the ...present study was to evaluate the effect of a diet containing extruded linseed or pumpkin seed cake on the fatty acid profile of semi-hard cheese made from goat milk. The research was carried out with 28 French Alpine goats fed the following diets: 1-basal diet based on extruded soybean and soybean meal; 2-basal diet with 90 g/kg DM extruded linseed (ELS); and 3-basal diet with 160 g/kg DM pumpkin seed cake (PSC). Bulk milk from three separated milk tanks at three samplings was used for the manufacture of four traditional semi-hard cheeses from each milk tank at each sampling on the family farm. The ELS and PSC diets increased fat content in the cheese. The ELS feeding increased the proportion of C18:1 c9, C18:2 c9t11, and C18:3 n-3 in cheese and lowered C8:0, C6:0, and C16:0, while PSC resulted in the highest C18:2 n-6 proportions in the cheese. The health-promoting index was the highest in the cheese of ELS. The ELS had a contribution to higher nutritional and health quality of semi-hard traditional goat cheeses, thus representing a food with health-promoting properties.
The objective of this research was to determine the effect of different starters consisted of dried whey and soy proteins with low anti-nutritive factors (ANFs) + amino acids (lysine and methionine) ...on body measurements, biochemical parameters, and feed consumption of early-weaned female Holstein calves. Based on the starter, calves were divided into four groups: i) control (control starter), ii) E1 (starter with added dry whey), iii) E2 (starter with added soy proteins with low ANFs + lysine and methionine), and iv) E3 (starter with added dry whey and soy proteins with low ANFs + lysine and methionine). Results indicate that different starters based on whey powder and soy proteins with low ANFs + lysine and methionine significantly affected the consumption of milk replacer and starter, the total consumption of dry matter, then withers in height, and body length (among body traits) as well as NEFA (among blood biochemical parameters) of female Holstein calves. Finally, starters based on dried whey and soy proteins with low ANFs + lysine and methionine could be recommended to optimize the growth and feed consumption.
The aim of this research was to investigate the slaughter indicators, carcass measures, and meat quality of lambs fattened with spelt. Lambs consumed various feed mixtures (1000 g day
lamb
): ...I-control group; II-group with 10% dehulled spelt; III-group with 20% dehulled spelt. In the blood, the concentrations of minerals (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and iron), biochemical parameters (urea, glucose, total proteins, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, ß-hydroxybutyrate, non-esterified fatty acids, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase), and hepatic enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and creatine kinase) were determined. After slaughter, carcass development was measured. Samples of musculus semimembranosus were taken, of which the physical properties were analyzed. By analyzing the production properties of the lambs, we found that the slaughter characteristics of the lamb carcasses and the physical properties of the lamb meat as well as most biochemical indicators and enzymes did not significantly differ. The concentrations of albumin were increased in the groups with 10% and 20% spelt, as was the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the group with 20% spelt. The presented results indicate that spelt is an appropriate ingredient in the diet for weaned lambs.
A total of 96 Black Slavonian pigs were subjected to the research, in which they were split into 6 groups. Three groups (100, 120, and 130 kg) were fed a higher level (HL) of crude protein in fodder ...mixtures (CPFM), and three groups (100, 120, and 130 kg) were fed a lower level (LL) of CPFM. After the pigs were slaughtered, pig carcasses were dissected and the meat and halves quality indicators were determined. According to the influence of the final body weight (BW) and nutrition of pigs on the quality of their halves, meat, and dry fermented sausages (kulens), it was concluded that feeding an HL of CPFM increased the proportion of loin, belly rib part, and chin and increased the muscle tissue in the ham, loin, shoulder, neck, and belly rib parts. However, the chemical composition of the meat and the sensory properties of the kulen were not significantly affected by feeding the pigs an HL of CPFM. It was concluded that, by selecting the final BW and adjusting the feeding strategies for pigs, it is possible to modify the conformation and composition of pig carcasses and the quality of meat and kulens produced from the Black Slavonian pig, which is important because consumers prefer products with certain characteristics and of a standard quality and are ready to pay for them.
The aim of the study was to investigate the activity of slow-release non-protein nitrogen compound with the enzymatic activity (SENPN) and to compare it with the activity of slow-releasing ...non-protein nitrogen compound (SNPN) in beef cattle feeding. The following indicators were monitored: body weight (BW), average weight gain (AWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), trunk weight at slaughter (TWS) and dressing percentage (DP). Beef cattle were divided into two groups of uniform body weights; control group (CG) and experimental group (EG). The feed ration of the CG contained SNPN, while the feed ration of the EG contained SENPN. During the trial, three weights were performed to measure BW. The trial consisted of two parts: (i) the first part of the trial refers to the period between the first and second weighing, in which the feed ration of the EG contained 4.81% less starch per kg of dry matter (DM) compared to the feed ration of the CG, and (ii) the second part of the trial was conducted in the period between the second and third weighing, in which the feed ration contained equal starch levels. After the third weighing, the beef cattle were transported to the slaughterhouse, where they were sacrificed, and subsequently the values of TWS and DP were measured. There were no statistically significant differences found for each of the measured parameters. In conclusion, the usage of SENPN positively affects the utilisation of nutrients in the mixture, e.g. feed ration.
Sjemenke uljarica i nusproizvodi proizvodnje ulja kvalitetan su izvor energije i bjelančevina u hranidbi preživača. Stoga je cilj istraživanja bio utvrditi proizvodne pokazatelje jaradi hranjene ...krmnim smjesama koje sadrže pogaču sjemenki bundeve ili ekstrudirani lan. Istraživanje je provedeno na 31 jaretu pasmine francuska alpina. Nakon navršenih mjesec dana jarad je postupno odbijana od majki, pri čemu se postupno smanjivala hranidba mlijekom i uključivala krmna smjesa i sijeno (djetelinsko-travna smjesa) ad libitum. Jarad je bila hranjena krmnom smjesom koja je od bjelančevinastih krmiva sadržavala sačmu soje i ekstrudiranu soju (kontrolna), zatim krmnom smjesom koja je sadržavala 16 % pogače sjemenki bundeve (PB16) uz potpunu zamjenu soje te krmnom smjesom koja je sadržavala 9 % ekstrudiranog lana (EL 9) uz djelomičnu zamjenu soje. Proizvodni pokazatelji, kao što su prosječni dnevni prirasti i eksterijerne odlike utvrđeni su u dobi jaradi od 32, 60 i 87 dana. Utvrđeni su ukupni prosječni dnevni prirasti jaradi (dobi 32.-87. dana) od 145,64 g u kontrolnoj skupini, 163,77 g u PB16 i 164,21 g u EL 9 skupini, pri čemu nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike. Utvrđeno je značajno povećanje visine grebena u PB16 i EL 9 jaradi u dobi od 60 dana te u PB16 jaradi u dobi od 87 dana u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu, pri čemu nisu bile utvrđene značajne razlike u indeksima tjelesne razvijenosti. Temeljem dobivenih rezultata vidljiva je mogućnost upotrebe pogače sjemenki bundeve i ekstrudiranog lana kao izvora bjelančevina i masti u krmnim smjesama, uz zadovoljavajuće proizvodne pokazatelje jaradi.
Oilseeds and by-products of oil production are a good quality source of energy and proteins in ruminants´ nutrition. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the production traits of goat kids fed on feed mixtures containing pumpkin seed cake and extruded linseed. The study was carried out on 31 goat kids of the French Alpine breed. After one month, the kids were gradually weaned from the mothers, by reducing suckling and including feed mixtures and hay (clover-grass mixture) ad libitum. Goat kids were fed on feed mixture containing soybean meal and extruded soybean (control) as protein feedstuffs, then a mixture containing 16% pumpkin seed cake (PB16) with complete soybean replacement, and a mixture containing 9% extruded linseeds (EL 9) with partial replacement of soybean. Production traits of goat kids, such as average weight gain and exterior characteristics, were determined at the age of 32, 60 and 87 days. The estimated total average daily weight gain of goat kids (32-87 days of age) was 145.64 g in control group, 163.77 g in PB16 and 164.21 g in EL 9 group, with no significant differences. A significant increase in withers height was found in PB16 and EL 9 goat kids aged 60 days and in PB16 goat kids aged 87 days compared to the control group, with no significant differences in physical development indices. The results of the present study viewed the possibility of using the pumpkin seed cake and extruded linseed as a source of proteins and fat in feed mixtures, with satisfactory production traits in goat kids.
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