Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic altered adults’ and children’s lifestyles and habits, causing an increase in body weight. Adolescents are sensitive to habit changes and, because of their insufficient ...capacity to deal with the unexpected COVID-19 changes, were at greater risk of noncommunicable disease development due to the consequences of adopting unhealthy habits. The survey aimed to reveal the changes in nutritional status and lifestyle habits of school children in Croatia and to assess their nutrition knowledge and emotional state and feelings about COVID-19 lockdown. Self-reported data from 1370 school children aged 10 to 15 years were obtained to examine the influence of the lockdown on their nutritional status, lifestyle and emotional status, and to assess their nutrition knowledge. The study revealed that the COVID-19 lockdown has caused an increase in the proportion of overweight and obesity among Croatian school children who changed their lifestyle habits towards being less physically active, spending more time using screen-based media and revealing potential psychological distress. However, the schoolchildren had a high adherence to the Mediterranean diet assessed with the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents KIDMED index and had good nutrition knowledge. Public health programs promoting a healthy lifestyle and involving the whole family, in a school environment, could provide children with a healthy adulthood.
The increase in childhood obesity is one of the biggest public health problems of the 21st century. Among the contributing dietary factors is the high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) ...and sweetened fruit juices (SFJ). On the other hand, regular consumption of milk and dairy products has decreased in many countries over the years, although research has shown an inverse association between dairy consumption and obesity. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a dietary intervention within a multidisciplinary structured programme on reducing the consumption of SSB and SFJ and simultaneously increasing the consumption of milk and diary products in obese children/adolescents. The study included 100 participants of both sexes who had been diagnosed with obesity and participated in a five-day multidisciplinary structured programme focused on dietary intrevention. Standard anthropometric measurements and a validated questionnaire were used during the study. The mean age of the participants was 12.61±1.90 years, body mass index (BMI) was 98.38±1.26 percentiles; mean consumption of SSB was 1.68 ± 2.89 dL; SFJ was 3.72±5.09 dL and milk and dairy products was 3.10±2.35 dL per day at the start of the intervention. After the five-day programme, patients were reeducated once a month for the first six months, then every two months for up to 24 months. After 24 months, a significant decrease in SSB and SFJ intake (p<0.001) and an increase in milk and dairy products intake (p=0.002) were observed. The percentiles of the BMI also decreased after 24 months (p<0.001). The dietary intervention had a positive effect on the anthropometric values and the change in the dietary habits of the participants, with a focus on the consumption of milk and dairy products.
: Obesity in children and adolescents results in a number of serious health-related consequences necessitating early treatment. Support from family members and family-focused lifestyle interventions ...can improve effectiveness of the treatment. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of parental characteristics and family-based dietary habits on the adherence and success of a body mass reduction program in children with obesity included in a lifestyle intervention program after 1 year.
: The program included dietetic, psychosocial, and endocrine counseling given to individuals either alone or in groups and was conducted by a multidisciplinary team (consisting of endocrinologists, nurses, psychologists, social counselors, dietitians, and physiotherapists). A total of 113 children aged 10-17 years (mean age 12.9 ± 2.0; 60 girls, 53 boys) were included in the program. After 1 year of participation, the rate of adherence and success were assessed. The effect of the participants' general characteristics, including anthropometric data, as well as parental characteristics (marital status, employment, education, body mass index (BMI), duration of breastfeeding) and the circumstances of meal consumption (eating at home or outside, fast food consumption), was analyzed.
: The most important factors predicting body mass reduction success were baseline BMI (
< 0.0001) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) (
= 0.04), but they did not predict body mass reduction adherence.
: The meal consumption habits and support from family members may be among the determinants of adherence to a body mass reduction program for preadolescents and adolescents with obesity. However, the results of the presented study suggested that baseline BMI and WHR are the most important determinants of the body mass reduction success.
Pravilna prehrana iznimno je važna u prevenciji šećerne bolesti i regulaciji glikemije. Šećerna bolest ubraja se u kategoriju bolesti koje se uspješno mogu prevenirati, dobro liječiti te im se može ...spriječiti ili odgoditi razvoj kroničnih komplikacija. Edukacija o pravilnoj prehrani treba biti individualno prilagođena, pri čemu treba obratiti pozornost na dob bolesnika, način života, socioekonomski status, tjelesnu aktivnost i komplikacije vezane uz šećernu bolest. Kod šećerne bolesti promjena životnih navika, što uključuje pravilnu prehranu, redovitu tjelesnu aktivnost i regulaciju tjelesne mase, može uvelike pridonijeti regulaciji glikemije, a u tipu 2 u nekim slučajevima može dovesti i do njene remisije. Smjernice su rezultat suradnje zdravstvenih stručnjaka koji sudjeluju u liječenju i edukaciji osoba koje boluju od šećerne bolesti. Utemeljene su na dokazima, prema metodologiji GRADE (engl. grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation) koja uz snagu dokaza opisuje i razinu preporuke. Temeljni zaključci ovih smjernica odnose se na procjenu nutritivnih potreba te primjenu medicinske nutritivne terapije, individualno prilagođene osobama sa šećernom bolešću kao i onima koji imaju i neke od
vezanih komorbiditeta.
The prevalence of obesity in adults with type 1 diabetes is increasing and reflects the rates of the general adult population. The coexistence of overweight or obesity and type 1 diabetes poses a ...major challenge to effective glycemic and weight management. In addition, individuals living with T1D and overweight or obesity are at greater cardiometabolic risk and are more prone to develop chronic complications in comparison to normal weight individuals with type 1 diabetes. Although obesity represents a growing challenge in the type 1 diabetes population, awareness of this issue is still low. This review provides a summary of current data on prevalence trends, causes, current strategies, and challenges in managing obesity in adults with type 1 diabetes.
In Poland and Croatia, similarly as for a number of European countries, anemia and osteoporosis are common diet-related diseases in women, while for both the proper nutritional behaviors and ...preventive education are crucial. However, for the proper nutritional education there are some barriers, including those associated with an educator, his own nutritional behaviors and beliefs. The aim of the study was to assess the dietary health risk factors for women in the Polish and Croatian population based on the nutritional behaviors of junior health professionals. The study was conducted in Polish (n = 70) and Croatian (n = 80) female students of the faculties associated with public health at the universities in capital cities. Their diets were assessed based on 3-day dietary records. Nutritional value and consumption of food products, as well as the dietary risk factors for anemia and osteoporosis, were compared. While assessing the risk factors for anemia, in the Polish group, the higher intake of iron and folate, as well as vitamin B12 per 1000 kcal, was observed; and for folate, the higher frequency of inadequate intake was stated for Croatian women. While assessing the risk factors for osteoporosis, in the Polish group, compared with the Croatian, the higher intake of calcium per 1000 kcal was observed, but for vitamin D, there were no differences. Differences of the intake between the Polish and the Croatian group of junior health professionals may result in various dietary health risks for women. Based on the assessment of dietary intake, for anemia, compared to Polish women, a higher risk may be indicated for Croatian women, but for osteoporosis, similar risks may be indicated for Polish and Croatian women. Therefore, for public health, adequate nutritional education of junior health professionals is necessary.
Nasljedna nepodnošljivost fruktoze ili fruktozemija je autosomno recesivno nasljedni poremećaj koji nastaje zbog nedostatne aktiv- nosti enzima fruktoza-1-fosfat aldolaze (aldolaze B). Bolest se ...klinički, u dotad naizgled zdravog dojenčeta, očituje nakon uvođenja namirnica koje sadrže fruktozu, saharozu ili sorbitol. Najčešći simptomi bolesti su povraćanje, bljedilo, drhtavica, somnolencija, a katkad i konvulzije (većinom kao posljedica hipoglikemije, odnosno neuroglikopenije). Može se razviti i akutno zatajenje jetre, a ako se dijete pravilno ne zbrine, takva kriza može završiti smrću. Pošto se fruktoza, saharoza i sorbitol isključe iz prehrane, simptomi bolesti se brzo i spontano povlače. Ako bolest ostane neprepoznata, dugoročno može uzrokovati ponavljajuće bolove u trbuhu, povraćanje, kroničnu bolest jetre, tubulopatiju, rahitis te zaostajanje u rastu i razvoju. Anamnestički podatci o pojavi simptoma nakon uvođenja voća i povrća u dohranu i/ili odbojnost prema slatkoj hrani ključni su za postavljanje sumnje na ovu bolest. Labo- ratorijski nalazi koji podupiru dijagnozu, a česti su u akutnom pogoršanju, su hipoglikemija, hipofosfatemija, hiperuricemija, meta- bolička acidoza i povišene aktivnosti aminotransferaza. Dijagnoza se potvrđuje nalazom bialelnih patogenih mutacija gena ALDOB ili mjerenjem aktivnosti enzima u tkivu jetre ili crijeva, što se danas rjeđe primjenjuje. Pravodobno postavljanje dijagnoze ključno je za dobar ishod. Ako se spriječi unos fruktoze u organizam, prognoza je izvrsna. Cilj ovog rada je predočiti klinička obilježja nasljedne nepodnošljivosti fruktoze prikazom dvoje bolesnika, jednog s akutnim, a drugog sa subakutnim kliničkim tijekom, te tako upozoriti na ovu rijetku, a lječivu nasljednu metaboličku bolest.
ULOGA PREHRANE U PREVENCIJI KARCINOMA Rahelić, Valentina; Matanić, Josipa; Bival, Sandra ...
Hrana u zdravlju i bolesti
12, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Karcinom postaje sve veći javnozdravstveni problem današnjice, čija prevalencija je u kontinuiranom porastu diljem svijeta. Među vodećim je uzrocima smrtnosti, a glavni rizični čimbenici su oni na ...koje zapravo možemo utjecati te time prevenirati od 30 do 50 % različitih vrsta karcinoma. Jedan od ključnih i glavnih koraka u prevenciji je održavanje normalne/zdrave tjelesne mase, pravilnom, uravnoteženom i raznolikom prehranom uz redovnu tjelesnu aktivnost. Ne postoji „super hrana“ za koju možemo reći da sprječava razvoj karcinoma, kao niti točno određena hrana koja ga uzrokuje, ali postoje načini prehrane koji mogu doprinijeti prevenciji odnosno razvoju ove bolesti u sklopu prevencije. Preporučuje se općenito dati prednost hrani biljnog podrijetla, što je najbolje obuhvaćeno principima Mediteranske prehrane. Takva prehrana obiluje povrćem (osobito zelenim lisnatim, crvenim i narančastim te krucifernim), voćem (bobičastim, citrusima, crvenim i narančastim), mahunarkama i cjelovitim žitaricama te maslinovim uljem. Od hrane životinjskog podrijetla preporučuje se češća konzumacija ribe i mliječnih proizvoda. S druge strane, preporučuje se izbjegavati konzumaciju industrijski procesirane hrane bogate solju, mastima niske nutritivne kvalitete i dodanim šećerom te ograničiti konzumaciju crvenog mesa i paziti na sam proces pripreme hrane kako ne bi došlo do stvaranja štetnih/kancerogenih spojeva. Preporučuje se izbaciti mesne prerađevine, kao i prekomjernu konzumaciju alkohola. Usvajanje preporuka o promjeni načina života, što uključuje pravilnu prehranu i redovitu tjelesnu aktivnost, važan je dio prevencije razvoja karcinoma.
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