The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected most countries in the world. Studying the evolution and transmission patterns in different countries is crucial to enabling ...implementation of effective strategies for disease control and prevention. In this work, we present the full genome sequence for 17 SARS-CoV-2 isolates corresponding to the earliest sampled cases in Mexico. Global and local phylogenomics, coupled with mutational analysis, consistently revealed that these viral sequences are distributed within 2 known lineages, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lineage A/G, containing mostly sequences from North America, and lineage B/S, containing mainly sequences from Europe. Based on the exposure history of the cases and on the phylogenomic analysis, we characterized 14 independent introduction events. Additionally, three cases with no travel history were identified. We found evidence that two of these cases represented local transmission cases occurring in Mexico during mid-March 2020, denoting the earliest events described for the country. Within this local transmission cluster, we also identified an H49Y amino acid change in the Spike protein. This mutation represents a homoplasy occurring independently through time and space and may function as a molecular marker to follow any further spread of these viral variants throughout the country. Our results provide a general picture of the SARS-CoV-2 variants introduced at the beginning of the outbreak in Mexico, setting the foundation for future surveillance efforts.
Understanding the introduction, spread, and establishment of SARS-CoV-2 within distinct human populations as well as the evolution of the pandemics is crucial to implement effective control strategies. In this work, we report that the initial virus strains introduced in Mexico came from Europe and the United States and that the virus was circulating locally in the country as early as mid-March. We also found evidence for early local transmission of strains with a H49Y mutation in the Spike protein, which could be further used as a molecular marker to follow viral spread within the country and the region.
SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. In this report, we describe the complete genome sequence of the first imported SARS-CoV-2, detected in a Mexican patient who ...had traveled to Bergamo, Italy. Phylogenetic analysis showed that this isolate belongs to subclade A2a (lineage G) and is closely related to isolates from Finland, Germany and Brazil, all of which were from patients with a history of travel to Italy. This is the first report of the complete genome sequence of this virus in Mexico.
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The picture on the cover shows the XRD patterns of polyethylene/clay nanocomposites using maleic anhydride and ionomer as compatibilizers after the first and second step of mixing through the ...extruder. It also shows TEM images of the clay dispersion in the samples with no compatibilizer and when using maleic anhydride and ionomer as compatibilizers. Further details can be found in the article by S. Sánchez‐Valdes,
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M. L. López‐Quintanilla, E. Ramírez‐Vargas, F. J. Medellín‐Rodríguez, and J. M. Gutierrez‐Rodriguez on page 128.
Este artículo propone un sistema computacional distribuido que contiene material didáctico multimedia relacionado con el uso de las ciencias exactas en la vida cotidiana. El sistema pone a ...disposición de la población el conocimiento generado por ciudadanos locales en el lugar en que dicho conocimiento es utilizado. El acceso al material se realiza mediante códigos QR localizados en la ciudad los cuales son leídos usando dispositivos móviles. El sistema permite a los usuarios conocer temas de ciencias exactas utilizados en la creación o uso de productos y servicios existentes en su comunidad. El conocimiento queda entonces disponible en todo momento y accesible en el lugar donde es utilizado. Este proyecto is probado en la ciudad de Poza Rica, México con la intención de fortalecer las vocaciones científicas y tecnológicas en la población y los resultados se muestran en este artículo.
This paper proposes a distributed computational system that contains multimedia didactic material related to the use of exact sciences in daily life. This system makes available the knowledge generated by local citizens to regular population in the location where that knowledge is used. The access to the material is made by using QR codes located a long the city which are read by using mobile devices. The system allows users to know about exact sciences utilized in the creation or the use of products and services available in their own community. The knowledge is then available at any moment and it is accessible in the location where it is used. This project is being tested in the city of Poza Rica, Mexico with the intention of strengthening the scientific and technological orientation in the population and the results are shown in this paper.
Motivation for the study. There are several criteria for metabolic syndrome in adolescents, each reporting different prevalence rates and not necessarily coinciding with each other. Main findings. We ...studied school children from the city of Cajamarca at 2750 meters above sea level. The five criteria for metabolic syndrome coincided in six of the 397 (1.5%) adolescents. The criteria generated prevalence rates ranging from 3.0% to 17.1%. The criteria with near perfect concordance were those from the American Heart Association criteria and those modified by Cook. Implications. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in adolescents is complex, even more so among those residing at high altitudes. . To determine the concordance between five diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome (MS) among teenagers from a Peruvian high Andes region.OBJECTIVE.Motivation for the study. There are several criteria for metabolic syndrome in adolescents, each reporting different prevalence rates and not necessarily coinciding with each other. Main findings. We studied school children from the city of Cajamarca at 2750 meters above sea level. The five criteria for metabolic syndrome coincided in six of the 397 (1.5%) adolescents. The criteria generated prevalence rates ranging from 3.0% to 17.1%. The criteria with near perfect concordance were those from the American Heart Association criteria and those modified by Cook. Implications. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in adolescents is complex, even more so among those residing at high altitudes. . To determine the concordance between five diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome (MS) among teenagers from a Peruvian high Andes region.A cross-sectional study was carried out with secondary data from an intervention study in two public schools in 2019. We included 397 teenagers who lived in the city of Cajamarca, in the Andean region of Peru. We applied the criteria from the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP-III) modified by Cook, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the American Heart Association (AHA), Ferranti, and the World Health Organization (WHO). The point prevalence and interval prevalence were estimated with the five criteria. The Kappa concordance coefficient with an 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was estimated.MATERIALS AND METHODS.A cross-sectional study was carried out with secondary data from an intervention study in two public schools in 2019. We included 397 teenagers who lived in the city of Cajamarca, in the Andean region of Peru. We applied the criteria from the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP-III) modified by Cook, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the American Heart Association (AHA), Ferranti, and the World Health Organization (WHO). The point prevalence and interval prevalence were estimated with the five criteria. The Kappa concordance coefficient with an 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was estimated.The Ferranti criterion identified 17.1% (95%CI: 13.4 to 20.8) of teenagers with MS, followed by the ATP-III criterion with 4.3% (95%CI: 2.3 to 6.3); the other criteria identified a lower frequency. The best concordance was found between the AHA and ATP-III criteria (k = 0.905); the WHO and IDF criteria had a coefficient of 0.628. The five criteria coincided in classifying six adolescents (1.5%) as MS.RESULTS.The Ferranti criterion identified 17.1% (95%CI: 13.4 to 20.8) of teenagers with MS, followed by the ATP-III criterion with 4.3% (95%CI: 2.3 to 6.3); the other criteria identified a lower frequency. The best concordance was found between the AHA and ATP-III criteria (k = 0.905); the WHO and IDF criteria had a coefficient of 0.628. The five criteria coincided in classifying six adolescents (1.5%) as MS.The AHA and ATP-III criteria modified by Cook had almost perfect concordance, which was also found for both sexes. The ATP-III, Ferranti, IDF, AHA and WHO criteria agree in less than 2% when identifying MS in the same group of adolescents.CONCLUSIONS.The AHA and ATP-III criteria modified by Cook had almost perfect concordance, which was also found for both sexes. The ATP-III, Ferranti, IDF, AHA and WHO criteria agree in less than 2% when identifying MS in the same group of adolescents.
Maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) was reacted with aniline (NH
2
C
6
H
5
) to produce PP-g-NHC
6
H
5
and used as a compatibilizer in polypropylene/carbon nanotube composites. Infrared ...spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance confirmed the reaction between PP-g-MA and aniline. PP-g-NHC
6
H
5
resulted a better compatibilizer than PP-g-MA, producing good dispersion and homogeneous distribution of the carbon nanotubes with less agglomerates, as observed by SEM analysis. Improved dispersion and distribution is assumed to be due to the π-π interactions between the -C
6
H
5
ring in the prepared compatibilizer and the hexagonal carbon structure in the nanotubes. In addition, a higher degree of crystallinity (12%) was promoted, since it was favored by π-π interactions. This achieved higher crystallinity promoted an increase in tensile modulus, with only slight changes in tensile strength but with an adverse effect on elongation at break.
La hipertensión arterial es una patología prevalente y con importantes connotaciones sobre la morbimortalidad de los pacientes. Su abordaje debe hacerse de una manera práctica y centrada en la ...realidad colombiana, pues en muchas ocasiones no es factible para el profesional de la salud acceder a todos los métodos diagnósticos o procedimientos recomendados por las guías internacionales 1.
En el marco de la hipertensión arterial es de vital importancia iniciar con su definición. Tomamos aquí la empleada por la Guía Latinoamericana de Hipertensión Arterial publicada en el 2010: Es una de las condiciones que implica un mayor riesgo de eventos
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