Genetic parameters for growth, mortality and reproductive performances of Markhoz goats were estimated from data collected during 1993–2010 at Markhoz goat Performance Testing Station in Sanandaj, ...Iran. For kid performance traits 3763 records were available for birth weight (BW), 2931 for weaning weight (WW), average daily gain (ADG) and Kleiber ratio (KR) (approximated as ADW/WW0.75) and 3032 for pre-weaning mortality (PWM). For doe reproductive performance traits there were 2920 records available for litter size at birth (LSB), litter size at weaning (LSW), total litter weight at birth (TLWB) and litter mean weight per kid born (LMWKB), and 2182 for total litter weight at weaned (TLWW) and litter mean weight per kid weaned (LMWKW). Genetic parameters were estimated with univariate and bivariate models using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedures. Random effects were explored by fitting additive direct genetic effects, maternal additive genetic effects, maternal permanent environmental effects, the covariance between direct and maternal genetic effects, and common litter effects in different models for pre-weaning traits of kids. Also, in addition to an animal model, sire and threshold models, using a logit link function, were used for analyses of PWM. Models for LSB, LSW, TLWB, TLWW, LMWKB, and LMWKW included direct additive genetic effects, permanent environmental effects due to the animal as well as service sire effects. Estimated direct heritabilities were moderate for pre-weaning traits (0.22 for BW, 0.16 for WW, 0.21 for ADG, and 0.27 for KR and 0.29 for PWM), and low for reproduction traits (0.01 for LSB, 0.01 for LSW, 0.02 for TLWB, 0.03 for TLWW, 0.07 for LMWKB, and 0.06 for LMWKW). The estimates for the maternal additive genetic variance ratios were lower than direct heritability for BW (0.07) and KR (0.04). The estimate for the maternal permanent environmental variance ratios (c2) varied from 0.01 for KR to 0.07 for WW and ADG. The magnitude of common litter variance ratios (l2) was more substantial for BW (0.46) than the PWM (0.19) and KR (0.16). The estimate for the permanent environmental variance due to the animal (c2) ranged from 0.03 for LMWKB to 0.07 for TLWB and LMWKW, whereas service sire effects (s2) ranged from 0.02 to 0.04. The correlation between direct and maternal genetic effects were negative and high for BW (−0.51) and KR (−0.62). The genetic correlations between pre-weaning growth traits were positive and moderate to strong, as were genetic correlations between reproductive traits. Between BW and PWM the correlation was −0.35. Phenotypic and environmental correlations for all traits were generally lower than genetic correlations.
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of yarn intermingling parameters on the bending properties of cement-based composites reinforced with polypropylene fabric treated under cold ...plasma. In this research, FDY (Fully drawn yarn) polypropylene yarn by three types of Heberlein intermingle jet inserts (P212, P412, S16), was subjected to entanglement process. Then, meshes were woven in plain weave design. The meshes were subjected to cold plasma jet treatment with argon and nitrogen at different exposure time. The fabric surface roughness was studied by friction test. Reinforced cement composite beams were made which after 28 days of storage in water, were subjected to 4-point bending test. The results show that the jet insert change with changing the degree of entanglement affects the toughness and bending properties. The max toughness is related to the plasma untreated fabric reinforced cement composite containing raw yarn (FDY) which is equal to 2388.875 (N.mm). Also, the max bending force is related to the fabric-reinforced sample consisting of interlaced yarn by P412 jet insert and plasma untreated fabric (1249.567 (N)).
► Preparation of novel sericin/TiO2 nanocomposite for application on textile. ► Stabilization of nanocomposite on cotton fabric using polycarboxylic acid. ► Obtaining enhanced antibacterial cotton ...fabric using sericin/TiO/CA or BTCA. ► Introducing synergistic antibacterial effect of nanocomposite.
Sericin as a biological material was extracted from raw silk by boiling in hot water and nano-TiO2 was dispersed in its solution. The prepared finishing agents with and without polycarboxylic acid cross-linking agents were treated on cotton fabric using pad-dry-cure. Presence of sericin, nano-TiO2, and cross-linking agents on cotton fabric was confirmed by at least one of the following experimental FTIR, SEM, EDX, and XRD. The antibacterial activity and the durability of modified cotton fabrics were investigated against one Gram-positive bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus) and one Gram-negative bacterium (Escherichia coli). The finishing treatment on the cotton fabric was more effective against S. aureus than E. coli. The fabrics treated with nano-TiO2 were possessed more activity against bacteria as compared to sericin and also considerably improved with given nanocomposite. The antibacterial activity of treated fabrics with cross-linking agents has not been considerably changed after 20 and 40 launderings. The fabrics treated with given nanocomposites did not dramatically affect the breaking strength.
In this research, isothermal oxidation kinetics of nanocrystalline (NC) nickel prepared by electroplating as well as coarse grained (CG) nickel was investigated. Oxidation tests were carried out in ...static air for various durations at 700
°C, 800
°C and 900
°C. The structure of oxidized specimens was characterized by means of SEM and XRD. Moreover, a theoretical model based on Atkinson approach as well as Maxwell Equation was proposed. The derived model was checked by fitting the theoretical curves to the experimental data using Matlab software. Good agreement between theoretical model and obtained experimental results as well as reported data was observed. The results indicated that the weight gain per unit area (w
=
∆m/A) of NC samples was considerably higher than the CG nickel. Moreover, the decrease in the parabolic growth rate constant (k
p) of NC nickel by increasing the oxidation time was sharper than the microcrystalline samples. In spite of the overall data of log (k
p), the logarithms of k
p values corresponding to a given w was a linear function of the reciprocal temperature resulted an activation energy of ~
108
kJ/mol for oxide layer growth on NC nickel as well as CG samples. In addition, the values for the activation energy for grain boundary diffusion of Ni in NiO layer which are determined from the fitting parameters for NC and CG nickel, both were close to that for the growth of NiO layer.
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►The weight gain (w) of nanocrystalline Ni was higher than the coarse grained Ni. ►A linear Arrhenius plot was observed only for k
p values corresponding to a given w. ►A value ~
108
kJ/mol was derived for activation energy for NiO growth on both sets. ►The established analytical model agrees well with experimental results. ►Activation energy of grain boundary diffusion was determined using fitting parameter.
Since nanofluids increase the thermal conductivity of a fluid mixture compared with the base fluid, it is important to investigate any damaging effects caused by the presence of the solid particles. ...Thus, this paper explores the nanofluid synergistic effects produced by the addition of 1 g dm
−3
Al
2
O
3
nanoparticles to sea water and compares the performance with the base fluid without nanoparticles. Studies are conducted on carbon steel, using a hydrodynamically smooth-rotating cylinder electrode in turbulent flow at 298 K. The pure corrosion rate and erosion rate of carbon steel in the fluids free of nanoparticles are, respectively, higher (up to 82 %) and lower (ca. 11 %) than in the nanofluids. The synergistic effect of erosion and corrosion in a nanofluid is much higher (up to 237 %) than in the base fluid. These results indicate that the presence of nanoparticles in a flowing fluid could lead to considerable rates of material loss.
In this work, the specimen of the fabrics (polyester/viscose blend) was prepared. At first, the samples were placed under microwave radiation at different times, and then the optimum condition of ...treated fabrics (8 min) was selected for treatment. The physical properties and surface morphology of Cu nanoparticle and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with different percentages were measured using dispersing agent, washing performance, stability, and physical properties of the fabric. The image of surface morphology’s specimens was also photographed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Afterwards, we measured the specimens’ electrical conductivity properties, according to AATCC 2005-76 standards, and subsequently,
K
/
S
, %
R
, and Lab value of specimens was analyzed using reflection spectrophotometer. In fact, the results indicated that optimum electrical resistivity, which was also the aim of the study, is 9% one weight of fabric (
o.w.f.
) nanoparticles on the fabric and that electrical resistivity for the values of 9%
o.w.f.
for CNT is slightly greater than Cu.
•Fe100-xCrx (3 ≤ x ≤ 50) NW arrays were fabricated using pulsed ac electrodeposition.•Anomalous electrodeposition of FeCr NWs occurred for Cr concentrations of 6 and 8 mM.•Coercivity and squareness ...of FeCr NWs showed enhancement compared to pure Fe NWs.•Increasing Cr concentration considerably reduced magnetostatic interaction distribution.
Fe-based nanowire (NW) arrays have long been investigated due their potential applications in future-generation magnetic nanodevices. However, very few research studies have considered FeCr NWs so far. Herein, FeCr NW arrays with different compositions are fabricated using a pulsed ac electrodeposition technique in porous anodic alumina templates. The Cr electrolyte concentration changed between 2 and 8 mM, influencing morphological, compositional, structural and magnetic properties. As an additive, the element Cr enhanced coercivity and squareness of Fe NWs, inducing the formation of Fe (200) peak in the crystal structure. As an alloying component, although the Cr element kept the structural and magnetic properties almost constant, it considerably affected the NW length compared to Fe NWs. First-order reversal curve analysis showed significant reductions in magnetostatic interactions when increasing the Cr concentration. In this case, local interactions between the FeCr NW arrays were expected to increase compared to pure Fe NWs.
Mechanical performance of polymer-based adhesive joints is susceptible to moisture absorption. In this respect, this study establishes a validated methodology for predicting the mechanical responses ...of adhesively bonded joints under strain rate-dependent and moisture conditions. For this purpose, adhesively bonded lap-joint specimens were tested under the opening (Mode I) and in-plane shear (Mode II) loadings at machine crosshead displacement rates up to 500 mm/min. The mechanics response of the adhesively bonded joint is predicted using the extended cohesive zone model to capture the strain rate- and absorbed moisture-dependent effects. Good correlation of the predicted and measured flexural responses are demonstrated for the independent case of the mixed-mode flexure (MMF) test configuration. The corresponding failure processes of the adhesively bonded joint are described in terms of the characteristic interface damage and stress evolution.
We investigate the impact of high-dose gamma-ray irradiation on the electrical performance of Ga-polar and N-polar GaN-based p–n diodes grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. We compare the ...current density–voltage (J–V), capacitance–voltage (C–V), and circular transfer length method characteristics of the p–n diodes fabricated on Ga-polar and N-polar orientations before and after irradiation. The relative turn-on voltage increases for the Ga-polar diodes with an increasing irradiation dose, while it increases initially and then starts to decrease for the N-polar diodes. The p-contact total resistance increases for Ga-polar and decreases for N-polar samples, which we attribute to the formation of point defects and additional Mg activation after irradiation. The J–V characteristics of most of the tested diodes recovered over time, suggesting the changes in the J–V characteristics are temporary and potentially due to metastable occupancy of traps after irradiation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence measurements reveal the existence of different types of initial defects and surface electronic states on Ga-polar and N-polar samples. Gallium vacancies (VGa) are dominant defects in Ga-polar samples, while nitrogen vacancies (VN) are dominant in N-polar samples. The presence of a higher concentration of surface states on Ga-polar surfaces than N-polar surfaces was confirmed by calculating the band bending and the corresponding screening effect due to opposite polarization bound charge and ionized acceptors at the surface. The difference in surface stoichiometry in these two orientations is responsible for the different behavior in electrical characteristics after gamma-ray interactions.
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