PREVALENCE OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST ROMA WOMEN IN ROMA FAMILIES IN ISOLATED ROMA SETTLEMENTS ON THE TERRITORY OF MEĐIMURJE COUNTY ABSTRACT The subject of the research was the prevalence ...of various forms of violence against Roma women living in isolated Roma settlements in Međimurje County. The research was conducted by one-time research on the type of so-called draft »cross-section« at one point in time (spring 2020.) by survey method and on a random, proportional, stratified sample of 350 Roma women from 12 isolated Roma settlements in Međimurje County. There was a very high prevalence of exposure to all forms of domestic violence against women among Romani women, with 69,1% of Romani women surveyed saying they had experienced at least one form of violence (physical, psychological, sexual, and/or economic) at least once in their lives. By analyzing the collected responses on exposure to certain forms from each of the four groups of violence, new variables were formed by isolating all those Roma women who at least once or more often over time, and at least once experienced at least one form from each violence group. 61.,7% of Romani women have been exposed to some form of psychological violence at least once in their lives, 50.,3% of Romani women have been exposed to some form of physical violence at least once in their lives, 22.,3% of Romani women have been exposed to some form of economic violence at least once in their lives and to some form of sexual violence have been exposed 17.,1% of Roma women have been exposed to some form of sexual violence. The results showed that Romani women are extremely vulnerable due to the presence of several risk factors that go far beyond belonging to an ethnic minority or any other minority group. Key words: Roma women; Međimurje; gender violence; violence against women.
The aim of this paper is to delineate current position of clinical ethics in the Croatian healthcare system by analyzing the following: representation of clinical ethics contents in the curricula of ...medical and associated schools; composition and role of clinical ethics consultations; and establishment of an ethical/legal framework for the conduct of research. Curriculum investigation, literature review, arid analysis of the Croatian Act on the Protection of Patients' Rights were performed. The contents of clinical ethics are offered through 63 obligatory and elective subjects at 12 institutions. It is wrongly placed either too early or too late within the curriculum. Continuity at all levels of health professional education is needed. Croatian experience with clinical ethics consultations is shaped only by ethics committees. Problematic is the review of research protocols indicated as their main activity. Inclusion of team and individual consultations would increase the availability and facilitate the usage of ethics support services. The Act on the Protection of Patients' Rights is based on the principles of humanity and availability, ensuring the right to protection when participating in clinical trials. Unfortunately, the outdated paradigm of paternalistic medicine aggravates the respect for patients' rights in cure, care and research. A shift towards the patient/person-centered healthcare system would put the Act into everyday practice. Although clinical ethics has entered the Croatian healthcare system in a formal and practical way, the authors wish to emphasize the need to approach the European and other international standards regarding the recent Croatian accession to the European Union.
Background: Medication adherence is the extent to which patients take medications as prescribed by their health care providers.
There are a number of approaches to study medication-taking behavior. ...The aim was to compare two most common methods for
measuring adherence: Patient Adherence Questionnaire and Medication Possession Ratio (MPR). They belong to the indirect
methods.
Methods: In this article four adherence studies were analysed and the results were compared, two wherein the patient
questionnaire was applied and other two with medication possession ratio applied.
Results: The obtained results reveal that more than half of respondents (58.9%) experienced constant nonadherence behavior
according to the prescribed therapy. The main reason of nonadherence is oblivion, suggesting that it is necessary to pay more
attention to this problem.
Conclusions: Nonadherence with therapy has negative consequences on the health of the individual, and an adverse impact on
the community health and wealth. Patients should be informed of the importance of regularly taking prescribed therapy. The main
problem of long-term therapy is significantly decreased of adherence to medication in a very short time. It is important to stress that
almost all the interventions effective for improving patient adherence in long-term care are complex and should be repeated after a
while.
Cilj je ovoga rada utvrditi sadašnji položaj kliničke etike unutar hrvatskog zdravstvenog sustava analizirajući sadržaj iz kliničke etike u kurikulumima medicinskih fakulteta i srodnih institucija, ...sastav i ulogu kliničkih etičkih konzultacija, te uspostavu etičko/pravnog okvira za provođenje istraživanja. Korištene su metode pretraživanje kurikuluma, pregled literature, analiza Zakona o zaštiti prava pacijenata. Sadržaj iz kliničke etike poučava se kroz 63 obvezna i izborna kolegija na 12 institucija. Pogrešno je pozicioniran na početku ili na kraju kurikuluma. Potreban je kontinuitet na svim razinama izobrazbe zdravstvenih djelatnika. Hrvatska iskustva u kliničkim etičkim konzultacijama oblikovana su isključivo kroz etička povjerenstva. Problematična je činjenica što je analiza znanstveno-istraživačkih protokola identificirana kao njihova glavna aktivnost. Uključivanje timskih i individualnih konzultacija povećalo bi raspoloživost i olakšalo korištenje sustava etičke potpore. Zakon o zaštiti prava pacijenata Republike Hrvatske temelji se na načelima humanosti i dostupnosti, osiguravajući poštivanje prava na zaštitu pacijenta nad kojim se obavlja znanstveno istraživanje. Nažalost, zastarjela paradigma paternalističke medicine otežava poštivanje prava pacijenata pri njezi, liječenju i istraživanju. Pomak ka zdravstvenom sustavu usmjerenom na pacijenta/osobu aktivirao bi Zakon u svakodnevnoj praksi. Premda je klinička etika i formalno i sadržajno ušla u hrvatski zdravstveni sustav, autori naglašavaju potrebu za približavanjem europskim i drugim međunarodnim standardima povodom ulaska Hrvatske u Europsku Uniju.
