The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HDV infection between HBV chronic patients referred to gastroenterology ward of Taleghani hospital Tehran, Iran and also investigating the ...risk factors in acquiring the HDV infection.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis D virus (HDV) are major public health issues. Worldwide there are approximately 350 million individuals chronically infected with the HBV. A significant part of them, including 15 to 20 million coinfected with HDV. Hepatitis Delta virus is transferred mostly through blood and body fluids.
HBV and HDV infections were evaluated by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Liver functional tests were assessed through auto analyzer. Patients were interviewed and data along the test results were entered into SPSS program. We used chi-square, independent t-test and logistic regression for statistical analysis.
278 (54.6%) patients of the study group were male and 231 (45.4%) were female and the mean age of patients was 40.03 ± 14.93. From 509 patients, 39(7.7%) had anti-HDV antibody. In a uni-variable analysis, age (p=0.001), periodontal procedures (p=0.015), endoscopy (p=0.024) and colonoscopy (p=0.012) were significantly related to HDV seropositivity. After adjustment by logistic regression, age remained the only significant factor in acquiring HDV infection.
We highly recommend the health care workers to strictly follow the disinfection protocols of medical instruments. Since HDV seroprevalence changes over time, regular epidemiological studies are necessary to monitor the epidemiological trend of infection.
Switching of magnetization via spin-orbit torque provides an efficient alternative for nonvolatile memory and logic devices. However, to achieve deterministic switching of perpendicular ...magnetization, an external magnetic field collinear with the current is usually required, which makes these devices inappropriate for practical applications. As such, in this work, we examine the current-induced magnetization switching in a perpendicularly magnetized exchange-biased Pt/CoFe/IrMn system. A magnetic field annealing technique is used to introduce in-plane exchange biases, which are quantitatively characterized. Under proper conditions, field-free current-driven switching is achieved.We study the Joule heating effect, and we show how it can decrease the in-plane exchange bias and degrade the field-free switching. Furthermore, we discuss that the exchange-bias training effect can have similar effects.
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease with a wide range of clinical manifestations. The early diagnosis of leprosy is a worldwide challenge. We present a case of leprosy with unusual severe ...pruritus and generalized excoriated papules and nodules.
Having the high yielding and stable wheat cultivars in different environments is very improtant in breeding programs. This study was conducted using 13 promising bread wheat lines of winter and ...facultative type plus two check cultivars (totally 15 genotypes) in 12 research stations of cold zone in 2003/04 and 2004/05 cropping seasons. Results of combined analysis of variance showed significant effects for genotype and for location x year, and genotype x location x year interactions. Results of stability analysis using simultaneous selection for yield and stability showed genotype C-82-12 (Fdl4/Kauz) with average grain yield of 7028 kg ha-1 as the superior genotype. Positive and significant correlation coefficients of biomass weight at anthesis (BWA) with spike weight at anthesis (SPWA), grain number per spike (GNS) and grain weight per spike (GWS) indicates that production of high biomass by plant at anthesis stage can increase two components of yield i.e. number of grain per spike and grain weight per spike.
Appearance of different traits in genotypes are under genetic and environmental controls. Interaction effect of genotype x environment ,results different reaction of genotypes in different ...environments, so determination of genotypes adaptability in different environments is necessary. In this study 16 winter and facultative bread wheat genotypes plus two check cultivars (totally 18 genotypes) were evaluated iI1 12 research stations in 2004/05 and 2005/06 cropping seasons. Experimental design in all stations was randomized complete block with three replications. Results of combined analysis of variance showed signiticant location x year, genotype x location and genotype x location x year interactinn effects. Based on results of stability analysis using simultaneous selection for yield and '.stability, genotype C-83-8 (130 Ll.l I/lF35.70/Mo73/4/Ymh/Tob//Mcd/3/Lira) with an average grain yield of 7550 kg ha'l was detelmined as superior genotype. In this study pre-anthesis pholoassimilate contribution ID grain (PAPCG) was detennined from 28 to 42% with an average of 36%.
In order to study, compare and achieve new winter and Facultative bread wheat cultivars more high yielding comparing to widely grown varieties, comprising resistance to diseases, lodging, shuttering ...and determination of valuable plant genetic resources received from International centers to be used in crossing blocks and active contribution, this research project including the following four nurseries were implemented in 2003-2004 cycle. A-Replicated Trials: 1-EYT- IR (Elite Yield Trial – Irrigated Areas) 2-WWEERYT (Winter Wheat East European Regional Yield Trial) B-Observation nurseries: 1-FEFWSN (Favorite Environment Facultative and Winter Screening Nursery)2-WWON-IR (Winter wheat Observation Nursery- Irrigated)In all replicated trials&rsquograin yield of each entry was weighted separately. Combined variance analysis were implemented on the collected data based on statistical rules. High yielding Lines / Varieties, were selected for advance trials of next year. Harvested plot size in replicated and observation nurseries were 6 m² and 1.2 m² respectively. Measurement of Lines / Varieties in observation nurseries with no replication as they were carried out in some locations, were in observation nurseries measurement and calculation of results were based non-parametric Rank method and each location was assumed as one replication. and superior genotypes participated in PRWYT in 2003-2004 cycle. Finaly based on Rank metod , comparing the yield of entries to checks and favorite morphological characters 9, 16, 5,11and 12 superior lines/varietise were selected from E YT-IR , WWEERYT, WWON-IR and FEFWSN trials respectively .
Achievement of wheat cultivars with high and stable yield and appropriate agronomic traits like resistance to diseases, are the main objectives in breeding programs. This study was conducted to ...select bread wheat lines with high yield, appropriate traits, resistance to diseases and wide adaptation using 220 lines in systematic design at 8 cold regions in 2001/02 cropping season. Comparison of genotypes and determination of their stability was carried out using non-parametric statistic method (rank). Based on results 36 genotypes were superior than or equal to the check cultivars and selected to evaluate further in advanced yield trial of ARWYT in 2002/03 cropping season
This study was conducted with 20 winter and facultative wheat genotypes in 12 experimental stations in 2000/01 and 2001/02 cropping seasons. Randomized complete block design with 3 replications was ...used in all the locations and years. Combined analysis of variance was carried out. As interaction effect of genotype x location x year was significant, so stability analysis was used to determine the superior and stable genotypes. Correlation coefficients of grain yield (kg ha-1) with grain weight and grain number per spike, biomass weight at maturity and peduncle weight at maturity was found significantly positive, however, with remobilization of pre-anthesis assimilate the correlation coefficient was significantly negative. Also, correlation coefficients of harvest index with grain number and grain weight per spike was positive and highly significant. Overall, based on grain yield, stability and agronomic traits, wheat lines C-79-15 and C-79-16 were superior and determined for release.
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