Glycosphingolipid expression differs between human breast cancer stem cells (CSC) and cancer non-stem cells (non-CSC). We performed studies of viability, type of cell death, cancer stem cell percent ...and glycosphingolipid expression on CSC and non-CSC after treatment of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 triple-negative breast cancer cells with a newly developed thienopyridine anticancer compound (3-amino-N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrothieno2,3-bquinoline-2-carboxamide, 1). Compound 1 was cytotoxic for both breast cancer cell lines and the majority of cells died by treatment-induced apoptosis. The percent of cancer stem cells and number of formed mammospheres was significantly lower. Glycosphingolipids IV
Neu5Ac-nLc
Cer and GalNAc-GM1b (IV
Neu5Ac-Gg5Cer) not reported previously, were identified in both CSCs and non-CSCs. IV
Neu5Ac-nLc
Cer had increased expression in both CSCs and non-CSCs of both cell lines after the treatment with 1, while GM3 (II
Neu5Ac-LacCer) had increased expression only on both cell subpopulations in MDA-MB-231 cell line. GalNAc-GM1b, Gb
Cer (GalNAcβ1-3Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1Cer) and GM2 (II
Neu5Ac-GalNAcβ1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1Cer) were increased only in CSCs of both cell lines while GD3 was decreased in CSC of MDA-MB-231 cell line. Due to its effect in reducing the percentage of cancer stem cells and number of mammospheres, and its influence upon several glycosphingolipid expressions, it can be concluded that compound 1 deserves attention as a potential new drug for triple-negative breast cancer therapy.
The objective of this study was to investigate regulatory T cells (Tregs) and monocytes; specifically, the expression of CTLA-4 (CD152) and FOXP3
in CD4
CD25
Tregs and the expression of CD40+ and ...CD192+ monocyte subpopulations in subjects with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). Immunological analysis was conducted on peripheral blood samples collected from the 28 PPMS subjects (15 treated with ocrelizumab and 13 untreated PPMS subjects) and 10 healthy control subjects (HCs). The blood samples were incubated with antihuman CD14, CD16, CD40, and CD192 antibodies for monocytes and antihuman CD4, CD25, FOXP3, and CTLA-4 antibodies for lymphocytes. The study results showed that in comparison to HCs both ocrelizumab treated (N = 15) and untreated (N = 13) PPMS subjects had significantly increased percentages of CTLA-4
and FOXP3
in CD4
CD25
Tregs. Further, ocrelizumab treated PPMS subjects, compared to the untreated ones, had significantly decreased percentages of CD192+ and CD40+ nonclassical monocytes. Increased percentages of CTLA-4
and FOXP3
in CD4
CD25
Tregs in both ocrelizumab treated and untreated PPMS subjects indicates the suppressive (inhibitory) role of Tregs in abnormal immune responses in PPMS subjects. Decreased percentages of CD40+, CD192+, and CD14
CD16
monocytes for treated compared to untreated PPMS subjects suggests a possible role for ocrelizumab in dampening CNS inflammation.
Neutrophils and monocytes through their CD15s, CD11b and CD44 adhesion molecules are implicated in the initiation and resolution of cardiac inflammation as well as in healing processes after the ...myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of white wine consumption on granulocyte and monocyte CD15s, CD11b, and CD44 expression 24h after the surgically inflicted MI. Granulocytes and monocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry, using whole blood of male Sprague-Dawley rats that consumed white wine for 4 weeks. This group was compared with water only drinking controls, sham animals (subject to surgery without myocardial infarction) and baseline group (intact animals that received no intervention prior to being sacrificed). Sham animals did not differ from baseline animals in CD11b+CD44+ percentage and CD44+ median fluorescence intensity. Wine drinking was associated with striking increase in CD44 expression on monocyte subpopulations. Its expression was three and fourfold increased on monocytes and large monocytes, respectively, relative to the water only drinking controls. Because of known role of CD44 on suppression of post-infarction inflammation, its upregulation on granulocytes and monocytes may significantly contribute to the microenvironment favourable for the cardiac regeneration.
, the golden chanterelle, is the second most-collected wild edible mushroom in Europe and very frequently harvested in Croatia. Wild mushrooms have been considered a healthy food since ancient times ...and are today highly valued for their beneficial nutritional as well as medicinal properties. Since golden chanterelle is added to different food products to improve their nutritive value, we studied the chemical profile of aqueous extracts of golden chanterelle (at 25 °C and 70 °C) and their antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Malic acid, pyrogallol and oleic acid were some of the main compounds identified by GC-MS from derivatized extract.
-Hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid and gallic acid were the most abundant phenolics quantitatively determined by HPLC, with somewhat higher amounts for samples extracted at 70 °C. Antioxidant activity was determined by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay and oxygen radical absorption method, and the highest results were recorded for golden chanterelle extracted at 70 °C, being 41.54 ± 1.54 and 38.72 ± 2.47 µM TE/L, respectively. Aqueous extract at 25 °C showed the better response against human breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 (IC
= 375µg/mL). Our results confirm the beneficial effect of golden chanterelle even under aqueous extraction conditions and highlight its significance as a dietary supplement and in the development of new beverage products.
CD44 expressed in monocytes and lymphocytes seems to play a crucial role in gastrointestinal inflammation, such as the one occurring in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases. Differentially ...methylated genes are distinctly expressed across monocyte subpopulations related to the state of Crohn’s disease. Hence, the aim of this study was to detect CD44 expression in leukocyte subpopulations in relation to the type of IBD, therapy, and disease duration. Monocyte subpopulations CD14++CD16−, CD14++CD16++, and CD14+CD16+ as well as other leukocytes were analyzed for their CD44 expression using flow cytometry in 46 patients with IBD and 48 healthy controls. Patients with Crohn’s disease treated with non-biological therapy (NBT) exhibited a lower percentage of anti-inflammatory CD14+CD16++ monocytes, whereas NBT-treated patients with ulcerative colitis had lower expression of CD44 on CD14+CD44+ lymphocytes in comparison to controls, respectively. Conversely, patients with Crohn’s disease treated with biological therapy had a higher percentage of CD44+ granulocytes but lower expression of CD44 on anti-inflammatory monocytes compared to controls. Median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD44 on CD44+CD14+ lymphocytes was higher in ulcerative colitis patients treated with biological therapy compared to NBT. The percentage of classical CD14++CD16− monocytes was lower in the <9 years of IBD duration subgroup compared with the longer disease duration subgroup. The present study addresses the putative role of differentiation and regulation of leukocytes in tailoring IBD therapeutic regimes.
A biometric analysis was performed on a sample of 420 specimens of the blackspot seabream,
Pagellus bogaraveo
(Brunnich, 1769), from the eastern Adriatic Sea. The total length of all specimens ranged ...from 9.2 to 47.8 cm (23.70 ± 7.63 cm). Eighteen morphometric and eight meristic characteristics were determined. There were no statistically significant differences between the sexes in the morphometric and meristic characteristics of the blackspot seabream in the Adriatic Sea. Regarding meristic characteristics, there are no significant morphological differences between the blackspot seabream population in the Adriatic Sea and that in other areas of the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern Atlantic Ocean. Relative growth was studied by comparing changes in morphological characteristics with growth in total length and head length. The results indicate the presence of a single population of
P. bogaraveo
in the Adriatic Sea.
Provedena je biometrijska analiza na uzorku od 420 jedinki vrste rumenac okan,
Pagellus bogaraveo
(Brunnich, 1769) iz istočnog Jadrana. Ukupna dužina svih jedinki bila je u rasponu od 9,16 do 47,8 cm (23,70 ± 7,63 cm). Određeno je osamnaest morfometrijskih i osam merističkih karakteristika. Nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike između spolova u morfometrijskim i merističkim karakteristikama rumenca okana u Jadranskom moru. Općenito, prema merističkim karakteristikama, nema značajnijih morfoloških razlika između populacije rumenca okana iz Jadranskog mora i ostalih područja Sredozemlja i istočnog Atlantika. Relativni rast analiziran je usporedbom promjena morfoloških karakteristika s rastom standardne dužine ili dužine glave. Rezultati ukazuju na postojanje jedne populacije vrste
P. bogaraveo
u Jadranskom moru
Expression of CD40 and CD192 markers in different monocyte subpopulations has been reported to be altered in people with MS (pwMS). Also, functional connectivity of the corticospinal motor system ...pathway alterations has been proved by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The study objective was to investigate the expression of CD40 and CD192 in classical (CD14++CD16−), intermediate CD14++CD16+ and non-classical (CD14+CD16++) blood monocyte subpopulations in pwMS, undergoing neurophysiological TMS assessment of the corticospinal tract integrity by recording motor-evoked potentials (MEPs). Radiological examination on lesion detection with MRI was performed for 23 patients with relapsing–remitting MS treated with teriflunomide. Then, immunological analysis was conducted on peripheral blood samples collected from the patients and 10 healthy controls (HC). The blood samples were incubated with anti-human CD14, CD16, CD40 and CD192 antibodies. Next, pwMS underwent neurological testing of functional disability (EDSS) and TMS assessment with recording MEPs from upper and lower extremity muscles. The results show that in comparison to HC subjects, both pwMS with normal and altered MEP findings (prolonged MEP latency or absent MEP response) had significantly decreased surface receptor expression measured (MFIs) of CD192 and increased CD40 MFI in classical monocytes, and significantly increased percentages of classical and total monocytes positive for CD40. Knowing CD40’s pro-inflammatory action, and CD192 as a molecule that enables the passing of monocytes into the brain, decreased CD192 in classical monocytes could represent a beneficial anti-inflammatory parameter.
Probing the cortic ospinal tract integrity by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) could help to understand the neurophysiological correlations of multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms. Therefore, the ...study objective was, first, to investigate TMS measures (resting motor threshold-RMT, motor evoked potential (MEP) latency, and amplitude) of corticospinal tract integrity in people with relapsing-remitting MS (pwMS). Then, the study examined the conformity of TMS measures with clinical disease-related (Expanded Disability Status Scale—EDSS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results (lesion count) in pwMS. The e-field navigated TMS, MRI, and EDSS data were collected in 23 pwMS and compared to non-clinical samples. The results show that pwMS differed from non-clinical samples in MEP latency for upper and lower extremity muscles. Also, pwMS with altered MEP latency (prolonged or absent MEP response) had higher EDSS, general and pyramidal, functional scores than pwMS with normal MEP latency finding. Furthermore, the RMT intensity for lower extremity muscles was predictive of EDSS functional pyramidal scores. TMS/MEP latency findings classified pwMS as the same as EDSS functional pyramidal scores in 70–83% of cases and were similar to the MRI results, corresponding to EDSS functional pyramidal scores in 57–65% of cases. PwMS with altered MEP latency differed from pwMS with normal MEP latency in the total number of lesions in the brain corticospinal and cervical corticospinal tract. The study provides preliminary results on the correspondence of MRI and TMS corticospinal tract evaluation results with EDSS functional pyramidal score results in MS.
Focal laryngeal dystonia (LD) is a rare, idiopathic disease affecting the laryngeal musculature with an unknown cause and clinically presented as adductor LD or rarely as abductor LD. The most ...effective treatment options include the injection of botulinum toxin (BoNT) into the affected laryngeal muscle. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the patho-neuro-physiological and genetic background of LD, as well as the standard recommended therapy (BoNT) and pharmacological treatment options, and to discuss possible treatment perspectives using neuro-modulation techniques such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and vibrotactile stimulation. The review will present two LD cases, patients with adductor and abductor LD, standard diagnostic procedure, treatments and achievement, and the results of cortical excitability mapping the primary motor cortex for the representation of the laryngeal muscles in the assessment of corticospinal and corticobulbar excitability.
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