Chinese chive (
Allium tuberosum
Rottler) is a popular food from
Allium
species in East and Southeast Asia. Most
Allium
species possess characteristic aromas and have antimicrobial activity. In this ...study, the antimicrobial activities of root, leaf, and scape extracts of Chinese chive at different pH levels (3.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0, and 10.7) were compared. The most pronounced activity was produced by the scape extract, and the greatest activity was obtained at pH 5.0. HPLC and GC–MS analysis showed that the major active ingredient was 2-amino-5-methylbenzoic acid. The mechanism of action of Chinese chive scape extracts may involve the depression or disruption of cell membrane integrity, according to our results of the leakage of electrolytes and protein, as well as scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations.
•The performance of MJO prediction in BCC_AGCM2.2 has been evaluated.•This atmospheric model has fairly high prediction skill and predictability of MJO.•The teleconnections of the MJO can be ...reasonably reproduced by BCC_AGCM2.2.
This study evaluates performance of Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) prediction in the Beijing Climate Center Atmospheric General Circulation Model (BCC_AGCM2.2). By using the real-time multivariate MJO (RMM) indices, it is shown that the MJO prediction skill of BCC_AGCM2.2 extends to about 16–17days before the bivariate anomaly correlation coefficient drops to 0.5 and the root-mean-square error increases to the level of the climatological prediction. The prediction skill showed a seasonal dependence, with the highest skill occurring in boreal autumn, and a phase dependence with higher skill for predictions initiated from phases 2–4. The results of the MJO predictability analysis showed that the upper bounds of the prediction skill can be extended to 26days by using a single-member estimate, and to 42days by using the ensemble-mean estimate, which also exhibited an initial amplitude and phase dependence. The observed relationship between the MJO and the North Atlantic Oscillation was accurately reproduced by BCC_AGCM2.2 for most initial phases of the MJO, accompanied with the Rossby wave trains in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics driven by MJO convection forcing. Overall, BCC_AGCM2.2 displayed a significant ability to predict the MJO and its teleconnections without interacting with the ocean, which provided a useful tool for fully extracting the predictability source of subseasonal prediction.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor. DNA damage plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis, and abnormal DNA repair pathways affect the occurrence and progression of CRC. In ...the current study, we aimed to construct a DNA repair-related gene (DRG) signature to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with CRC patients. The differentially expressed DRGs (DE-DRGs) were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The prognostic gene signature was identified by univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-penalized Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. The predictive ability of the model was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier curves and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore the underlying biological processes and signaling pathways. ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT were implemented to estimate the tumor immune score and immune cell infiltration status between the different risk group. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was evaluated to representing the drug response of this signature. Nine DE-DRGs (ESCO2, AXIN2, PLK1, CDC25C, IGF1, TREX2, ALKBH2, ESR1 and MC1R) signatures was constructed to classify patients into high- and low-risk groups. The risk score was an independent prognostic indicator of OS (hazard ratio > 1, P < 0.001). The genetic alteration analysis indicated that the nine DE-DRGs in the signature were changed in 63 required samples (100%), and the major alteration was missense mutation. Function enrichment analysis revealed that the immune response and mtotic sister chromatid segregation were the main biological processes. The high-risk group had higher immune score than the low-risk group. What's more, low-risk patients were more sensitive to selumetinib and dasatinib. The nine DE-DRGs signature was significantly associated with OS and provided a new insight for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
•MR is the preferred imaging modality for diagnosing acetabular labral tears.•The diagnostic performance of MR arthrography are superior than conventional hip MR.•The hip MR arthrography is ...recommended for diagnosing acetabular labral lesions.
To evaluate the value of hip MR for diagnosing acetabular labrum tears, and to further compare the diagnostic performances of conventional MR with MR arthrography in acetabular labrum tears.
90 patients undergoing both hip MR examination and subsequent hip arthroscopy were retrospectively evaluated. Of these patients, 34 accepted both conventional MR and MR arthrography; while the other 56 only underwent conventional MR examination. All hip MR images were independently reviewed by two radiologists, and further compared with the results of hip arthroscopy.
59 of 90 patients were confirmed with acetabular labral tears by hip arthroscopy and 31 without tears. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of conventional MR for evaluating the acetabular labral tears were 61.0%, 77.4%, 83.7% and 51.1% (radiologist A), and 66.1%, 74.2%, 82.9% and 53.4% (radiologist B), respectively, with good consistency between the two observers (K=0.645). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of MR arthrography for assessing the acetabular labral tears were 90.5%, 84.6%, 90.5% and 84.6% (radiologist A), and 95.2%, 84.6%, 90.9% and 91.7% (radiologist B), respectively, with excellent good consistency between the two observers (K=0.810). The sensitivity and NPV of MR arthrography for diagnosing the acetabular labral tears were significantly higher than those of conventional MR (both P<0.05).
Hip MR arthrography is a reliable evaluation modality for diagnosing the acetabular labral tears, and its diagnostic performance is superior to that of conventional MR at 3.0T.
Anxiety/depression is common among patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), and can negatively affect treatment compliance and outcome. The aim of this study was to assess the association between ...hyperlipidemia and the risk of new-onset anxiety/depression after the diagnosis of HNC and the influence of administering statins.
A matched longitudinal cohort study of 1632 subjects (408 HNC patients with preexisting hyperlipidemia and 1224 age- and sex-matched HNC patients without hyperlipidemia) was included and analyzed by using data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database from January 1996 to December 2012. The incidence and hazard ratios (HRs) for the development of new-onset anxiety/depression were examined between the two groups. Cox proportional hazard regression was applied to estimate the relative risks of anxiety/depressive disorders adjusted for potential confounding factors. To estimate the risks of anxiety/depression in different sub-groups, a stratified analysis was also used.
HNC patients with preexisting hyperlipidemia had a higher risk for comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease (P <0.001). The incidence rate of anxiety/depression in the HNC patients with preexisting hyperlipidemia was also significantly higher than that among patients without hyperlipidemia (10.78% vs 7.27%, respectively; P = 0.03). A Cox regression model revealed that preexisting hyperlipidemia was an independent risk factor for anxiety/depression (aHR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.30-2.94). Statins use was protective against anxiety/depression among HNC patients with hyperlipidemia (aHR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.46-1.57), especially for individuals older than 65 years and for females.
Preexisting hyperlipidemia was associated with increased risk of new-onset anxiety/depression in the HNC patients. Statins use for HNC patients with hyperlipidemia could decrease the risk of anxiety/depression, especially for those older than 65 years and for female patients.
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•L1-OH coordinated with Cu2+ to form 1:1 complex.•L1-OH was catalyzed oxidative cyclization by Cu2+ to fluorescent benzotriazole.•L1-OH can detect Cu2+ ion in water sample with ...apparent color change.•The fluorescence imaging of living cells HepG2 shows the application of L1-OH.
2′-Hydroxy-2,4-diaminoazobenzene (L1-OH), a fluorescence probe bearing ortho hydroxyl and amino group for the detection of Cu2+ ion was synthesized through diazo coupling reaction. The visible color change of L1-OH from yellow to pink was attributed to the coordination with Cu2+. The 1:1 binding mode of L1-OH with Cu2+ was confirmed by UV titration, Job-plot method and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) chelation experiment. Meanwhile, the non-emissive L1-OH (Fluorescence quantum yield, Φ = 0.003) has transformed into fluorescent benzotriazole derivative 2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)–2H-5-aminobenzod1–3triazole (L1-OH-BTA) (Φ = 0.27) by adding Cu2+, which was supported by the HPLC spectra and DFT calculations. L1-OH was applied for quantitative detection of Cu2+ with good linear relationship between UV absorbance, fluorescence intensity and Cu2+ concentration, and exhibited high selectivity toward Cu2+ over other metal ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Ag+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Cd2+ and Al3+). Furthermore, the test paper dyed by L1-OH shown colorimetric detection soaking in practical water sample with Cu2+ ion (≥10 μM). The L1-OH could also be used as a fluorescent probe for monitoring Cu2+ ion in living HepG2 cells.
LSD1 and HDAC are physical and functional related to each other in various human cancers and simultaneous pharmacological inhibition of LSD1 and HDAC exerts synergistic anti-cancer effects. In this ...work, a series of novel LSD1/HDAC bifunctional inhibitors with a styrylpyridine skeleton were designed and synthesized based on our previously reported LSD1 inhibitors. The representative compounds 5d and 5m showed potent activity against LSD1 and HDAC at both molecular and cellular level and displayed high selectivity against MAO-A/B. Moreover, compounds 5d and 5m demonstrated potent antiproliferative activities against MGC-803 and HCT-116 cancer cell lines. Notably, compound 5m showed superior in vitro anticancer potency against a panel of gastric cancer cell lines than ORY-1001 and SP-2509 with IC50 values ranging from 0.23 to 1.56 μM. Compounds 5d and 5m significantly modulated the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Vimentin, ZO-1 and E-cadherin, induced apoptosis, reduced colony formation and suppressed migration in MGC-803 cancer cells. In addition, preliminary absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) studies revealed that compounds 5d and 5m showed acceptable metabolic stability in human liver microsomes with minimal inhibition of cytochrome P450s (CYPs). Those results indicated that compound 5m could be a promising lead compound for further development as a therapeutic agent in gastric cancers via LSD1 and HDAC dual inhibition.
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•Compounds 5d and 5m exhibited potent dual LSD1/HDAC inhibition at both molecular and cellular level.•Compound 5m showed more potent anticancer potency against seven gastric cancer cell lines than SAHA and SP-2509.•Compounds 5d and 5m significantly induced apoptosis, reduced colony formation and suppressed migration in MGC-803 cells.•Compounds 5d and 5m showed acceptable metabolic stability with minimal inhibition of cytochrome P450s.
Dengue fever (DF) is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease. Practical vaccines or specific therapeutics are still expected. Environmental factors and genetic factors affect the ...susceptibility of Dengue virus (DV) infection. Asthma is a common allergic disease, with house dust mites (HDMs) being the most important allergens. Asthmatic patients are susceptible to several microorganism infections.
A nationwide population-based cohort analysis was designed to assess whether to determine whether asthma can be a risk factor for DF.
Unexpectedly, our data from a nationwide population-based cohort revealed asthmatic patients are at a decreased risk of DF. Compared to patients without asthma, the hazard ratio (HR) for DF in patients with asthma was 0.166 (95% CI: 0.118–0.233) after adjustment for possible confounding factors. In the age stratification, the adjusted HR for DF in young adult patients with asthma was 0.063. Dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) of dendritic cells (DCs) is an important entry for DV. Through another in vitro experiment, we found that HDM can diminish surface expression of DC-SIGN in monocyte-derived DCs and further decrease the cellular entry of DV.
Decreased DC-SIGN expression in DCs of allergic asthmatic patient may be one of many factors for them to be protected against DF. This could implicate the potential for DC-SIGN modulation as a candidate target for designing therapeutic strategies for DF.
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The difficulty and long duration of start-up wastes numerous costs, labors and time and a little fluctuate during the process might fail it. However, studies dealing with the problem hindering ...accelerated start-up are still insufficient. Current research focused to develop a method for accelerated start-up in an efficient way. This work outlined a novel alternative for accelerated start-up. This joint method, adding waste effluent with applying biofilm reactor, could successfully start up hydrogen production in the first 24 h via increasing ability of hydrogen producers while the control group produced little hydrogen. The two factors, biofilm formation and addition of waste effluent, expressed the combined effects on accelerated start-up. This study suggested that little molecules like quorum sensing system factors and indoles might be the crucial regulating and stimulating factors and express the accelerated start-up ability only in biofilm reactors.
•Adding waste effluent in biofilm reactor could rapidly start up the reactor.•This joint method started and enhanced the bacterial activity in the early stage.•Quorum sensing system factors and indoles acted as regulation factors.•The regulation factors only stimulated hydrogen production with biofilm formation.
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Taxonomy is widely applied in biomedical and ecological studies. Typical demands include querying taxonomy identifier (TaxIds) by taxonomy ...names, querying complete taxonomic lineages by TaxIds, listing descendants of given TaxIds, and others. However, existed tools are either limited in functionalities or inefficient in terms of runtime. In this work, we present TaxonKit, a command-line toolkit for comprehensive and efficient manipulation of NCBI Taxonomy data. TaxonKit comprises seven core subcommands providing functions, including TaxIds querying, listing, filtering, lineage retrieving and reformatting, lowest common ancestor computation, and TaxIds change tracking. The practical functions, competitive processing performance, scalability with different scales of datasets and good accessibility can facilitate taxonomy data manipulations. TaxonKit provides free access under the permissive MIT license on GitHub, Brewsci, and Bioconda. The documents are also available at https://bioinf.shenwei.me/taxonkit/.
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