The aim of the current meta-analysis was to determine the effects of acute and chronic interval training (IT) on serum and plasma BDNF concentrations in healthy young adults. A literature search was ...performed using six databases until February 2020. The TESTEX scale was used to assess the quality of studies. Effect sizes (ES) were computed and two-tailed α values < 0.05 and non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were considered statistically significant. Heterogeneity, inconsistency (I
), and small-study effects using the Luis Furuya-Kanamori (LFK) index were examined. Fifteen studies (n = 277 participants, age = 24 ± 3 years) were included. The overall effects of IT on circulating BDNF concentrations were moderate and significant (ES = 0.62, 95% CI 0.00, 1.24, heterogeneous (p < 0.001), highly inconsistent (I
= 90%), and with major asymmetry (LFK index = 2.76). The acute effect of IT on peripheral BDNF levels was large and significant (ES = 1.10, 95% CI 0.07, 2.14), heterogeneous (p < 0.001), highly inconsistent (I
= 92%), and with major asymmetry (LFK index = 3.34). The chronic effect of IT on circulating BDNF was large and significant (ES = 0.93, 95% CI 0.40, 1.46), heterogeneous (p < 0.001), with moderate inconsistency (I
= 70%), and minor asymmetry (LFK index = 1.21). Acute and chronic IT elicited a moderate increase in serum and plasma BDNF concentrations in a healthy young population.
Acute bouts of intense exercise increase lactate concentration, which in turn stimulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) production. Cortisol released during intense exercise might inhibit ...BDNF synthesis. This study examined the acute effects of 2 protocols of strenuous exercise on serum BDNF. Seventeen physically-active healthy females (Age = 20.0 ± 0.9 yr., BMI = 23.0 ± 2.6 kg/m2) performed a strenuous cycle-ergometer graded exercise test (GXT) and a high-intensity interval training session (HIIT). Serum BDNF, serum cortisol, cortisol: BDNF ratio and blood lactate (BLa) were recorded at baseline and immediately following exercise. Although non-statistically significant, the HIIT session elicited a higher magnitude of change from baseline for BDNF (d = 0.17) and cortisol (d = 1.18) than after the GXT (d = -0.26, and d = 0.82, respectively). An interaction was found between GXT and HIIT trials and measurements on BLa levels, with higher post-exertion values after HIIT than after GXT (p < 0.0001, η2 = 0.650, 95%CI = 2.2, 5.2). The higher BLa levels did not raise circulating BDNF. The elevated cortisol levels may have overcome the effects of lactate on BDNF. However, the higher BLa induced by HIIT suggest that interval exercise modality on the long-term could be a feasible intervention to increase circulating peripheral BDNF, at least in untrained healthy women.
Introducción: En la actualidad el consumo de bebidas azucaradas ha incrementado y se asocia con la ganancia de peso, principalmente en la población infantil. Es por esto que el objetivo del presente ...estudio fue determinar el efecto de un programa actividad física y educación nutricional extracurricular sobre variables antropométricas y hábitos alimentarios en niños de edad escolar. Material y métodos: El diseño del estudio fue cuasi-experimental pre/post con grupo control donde se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia de una cohorte de 35 niños, divididos en dos grupos, experimental (GE n=21) y control (GC n=14). Se evaluó la estatura, el peso y la circunferencia de cintura y se aplicó un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de bebidas. El programa de intervención tuvo una duración de 9 meses con sesiones de actividad física de 50 minutos y 10 minutos de educación nutricional con una periodicidad de 5 días a la semana. Se utilizó un análisis de varianza 2x2 para determinar la significancia estadística (p≤0.05) por efecto de la intervención en ambos grupos.Resultados: Los sujetos presentaron un aumento de la estatura (GE: 0,04m, p=0,0001; GC: 0.04m, p=0.0001), del peso corporal (GE: 2,2kg, p=0.0001; GC: 1,1kg, p=0,0001) y la circunferencia de cintura solamente incremento en el GE (2,8cm, p=0,02), sin embargo el IMC no cambio significativamente en ambos grupos. El GE disminuyó el consumo de azúcar (14,7g/día, p=0,05) y de kilocalorías (63,4kcal, p=0.05) provenientes de bebidas, mientras que en el GC no se encontraron diferencias significativas. Conclusión: Se pudo notar que el programa de actividad física y educación nutricional tuvo efecto positivo en los hábitos alimentarios de los escolares al disminuir el consumo de bebidas azucaradas, así como la ingesta de azúcar y kilocalorías proveniente de las mismas.
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a protein mainly synthetized in the neurons. Early evidence showed that BDNF participates in cognitive processes as measured at the hippocampus. This ...neurotrophin is as a reliable marker of brain function; moreover, recent studies have demonstrated that BDNF participates in physiological processes such as glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. The BDNF has been also studied using the exercise paradigm to determine its response to different exercise modalities; therefore, BDNF is considered a new member of the exercise-related molecules. The high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an exercise protocol characterized by low work volume performed at a high intensity i.e., ≥80% of maximal heart rate (HRmax). Recent evidence supports the contention that HIIT elicits higher fat oxidation in skeletal muscle than other forms of exercise. Similarly, HIIT is a good stimulus to increase maximal oxygen uptake (VO
max). Few studies have investigated the impact of HIIT on the BDNF response. The present work summarizes the effects of acute and long-term HIIT on BDNF.
Glycemic control is essential to reduce the risk of complications associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Aerobic and resistance exercise performed alone or in ...combination improve glycemic control in both conditions. However, perceived lack of time and commitment are considered principal barriers to performing exercise regularly. High intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) can be performed in a fraction of the time required for continuous aerobic exercise. A substantial scientific evidence indicates that HIIT/SIT improve glycemic control to a similar or greater extent than aerobic exercise in populations without MetS or T2D. Likewise, growing evidence suggest that HIIT/SIT improve the glycemic control during MetS and T2D. The aim of this review is to discuss the effects of interval training protocols on peripheral markers of glucose metabolism in patients with MetS and T2D.
•Either form of interval training (HIIT or SIT) using a treadmill or cycle ergometer improves insulin sensitivity (IS) in skeletal muscle.•Interval training does not appear to modify the insulin sensitivity (IS) in liver during MetS and T2D.•Long-term interval training reduces HbA1c levels during MetS or T2D.
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a syndrome mimicking an acute myocardial infarction in absence of obstructive epicardial coronary artery disease to explain the degree of the wall motion abnormalities. ...Typically more common in the elderly women, this condition is usually triggered by unexpected emotional or physical stress situations, and is associated with electrocardiogram abnormalities and slight elevation of cardiac biomarkers. The pathophysiological mechanism is not clear yet, but it is believed that a high circulating concentration of catecholamines causes an acute dysfunction of the coronary microcirculation and metabolism of cardiomyocytes, leading to a transient myocardial stunning. Typically, it presents with acute left ventricular systolic dysfunction that in most cases is completely resolved at short term. Recurrences are rare and it is thought that the long-term prognosis is good. We present here a review of the clinical features, pathophysiology and management of this enigmatic condition.
Human brain function declines with aging. In this sense, exercise-based interventions has a promising effect on brain plasticity for older adults. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a ...positive biomarker for brain neuroplasticity in healthy older adults also modified by exercise training. Selected features of the exercise prescription for improving brain health are missing; therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of concurrent exercise training frequency on serum BDNF levels in healthy older adults.
Nineteen volunteers (age: 65 ± 4 year; body mass index: 28.0 ± 4.5 kg/m
) completed either a three times/week (3-t/w) (
= 8) or five times/week (5-t/w) (
= 11) concurrent exercise program. The exercise program lasted 11 weeks and all exercise sessions were performed for 50 min at moderate intensity. Serum BDNF, body composition, cardiovascular, and physical fitness variables were assessed before and after the exercise training program.
Regardless of the group, the serum BDNF increased following the intervention (
< 0.001), and there were no significant group (
= 0.827) or interaction (
= 0.063) effects. The maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) increased regardless of the group (
= 0.007), with a non-significant group (
= 0.722) or interaction (
= 0.223) effects. Upper- and lower-body strength increased in both groups (
= 0.003); however, there was no effect of the training frequency (
= 0.53). For the skeletal muscle mass, there was a trend in the interaction effect (
= 0.053). Finally, the body fat percentage was unchanged.
Eleven weeks of combined exercise training increased serum BDNF levels in healthy older adults, a response independent of the training frequency. The overall fitness level improved similarly in both exercise groups. These data reveal that a minimal dosage of concurrent exercise enhance functional capacity and a brain health biomarker in older adults.
Introducción: Los trastornos de la imagen corporal y alimentarios, así como conductas de control de peso riesgosas para la salud, son más frecuentes en los deportistas que practican deportes con ...énfasis en la estética, la delgadez y un bajo peso específico. Objetivo: Comparar la imagen corporal (insatisfacción y alteración) y el riesgo de trastornos alimenticios en una muestra de adolescentes gimnastas versus un grupo control de adolescentes no gimnastas con un IMC similar. Material y métodos: Se seleccionó un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia de 56 participantes mujeres y hombres clasificados como gimnastas élite, gimnastas regulares y grupo control. La imagen corporal y trastornos alimenticios fueron valorados con la Escala de Factores de Riesgo de Trastornos Alimentarios (EFRATA). Resultados: Al realizar una prueba ANOVA de dos factores, la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal, presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas por sexo (F(1, 55) =17.41, p ≤ 0.001) y grupo (F(2, 55) = 3.66, p = 0.033), mostrando un mayor grado de insatisfacción los hombres (M= -0.54) respecto a las mujeres (M = 0.43). El riesgo de anorexia mostró diferencias significativas por sexo (F(1, 55) = 10.69, p = 0.002) y grupo (F(2, 55) = 7.97, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusión: Los gimnastas presentaron un mayor grado de insatisfacción corporal al desear una silueta más gruesa o musculosa para el caso de los varones, mientras que las mujeres quieren ser más delgadas respecto al grupo control. De igual forma los gimnastas reportaron un mayor riesgo de anorexia en comparación con el grupo control.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) increases neuronal viability and cognitive function, peripheral lipid metabolism and skeletal muscle repair. The primary purpose of this study was to ...determine the effect of short-term high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on serum BDNF concentrations in healthy young women.
Seventeen women (age:22 ± 1 years); body mass index (BMI:24.2 ± 2.2 kg/m²), body fat percentage (% fat:25.8 ± 4.7) participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to a control (
= 8) or HIIT group (
= 9). All participants performed a graded exercise test (GXT) on an electronically-braked cycle ergometer to determine maximal aerobic power (MAP, Watts). HIIT was performed three days per week for four weeks. Each HIIT session consisted of three to five cycling bouts of 30 s each at 80% MAP, followed by four-minutes of recovery at 40% MAP. Forty-eight hours after the last bout of exercise, both groups performed a follow-up GXT. Non-fasting blood samples were collected before and immediately after each GXT. Mixed factorial (2 groups x 4 measures, and 2 groups x 2 measures) ANOVA was used to assess BDNF concentrations, performance and anthropometric variables.
Serum BDNF concentrations in the HIIT group (21.9 ± 1.3 ng/mL) increased compared to control (19.2 ± 2.8 ng/mL) (∼12%,
< 0.05) following HIIT. In contrast, circulating BDNF concentrations were reduced following the GXT (
< 0.05). The MAP and % Fat did not change with HIIT.
Twelve sessions of HIIT increases circulating BDNF concentrations in healthy young women despite no change in physical performance or % fat.
Introducción: Los trastornos de la imagen corporal y alimentarios, así como conductas de control de peso riesgosas para la salud, son más frecuentes en los deportistas que practican deportes con ...énfasis en la estética, la delgadez y un bajo peso específico. Objetivo: Comparar la imagen corporal (insatisfacción y alteración) y el riesgo de trastornos alimenticios en una muestra de adolescentes gimnastas versus un grupo control de adolescentes no gimnastas con un IMC similar. Material y métodos: Se seleccionó un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia de 56 participantes mujeres y hombres clasificados como gimnastas élite, gimnastas regulares y grupo control. La imagen corporal y trastornos alimenticios fueron valorados con la Escala de Factores de Riesgo de Trastornos Alimentarios (EFRATA). Resultados: Al realizar una prueba ANOVA de dos factores, la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal, presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas por sexo (F(1, 55) =17.41, p ≤ 0.001) y grupo (F(2, 55) = 3.66, p = 0.033), mostrando un mayor grado de insatisfacción los hombres (M= -0.54) respecto a las mujeres (M = 0.43). El riesgo de anorexia mostró diferencias significativas por sexo (F(1, 55) = 10.69, p = 0.002) y grupo (F(2, 55) = 7.97, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusión: Los gimnastas presentaron un mayor grado de insatisfacción corporal al desear una silueta más gruesa o musculosa para el caso de los varones, mientras que las mujeres quieren ser más delgadas respecto al grupo control. De igual forma los gimnastas reportaron un mayor riesgo de anorexia en comparación con el grupo control.Abstract. Introduction: Body image and eating disorders, as well as risky weight management behaviors are more frequent in athletes who practice sports with an emphasis on aesthetics, thinness and a specific low body weight. Objective: to compare body image (dissatisfaction and alteration) and the risk of eating disorders in a sample of adolescent gymnasts versus a control group of non-gymnastics adolescents with similar BMI. Material and methods: A convenient non-probabilistic sample of 56 female and male participants classified as elite, regular gymnasts and control group with a BMI similar to that of gymnasts. The instrument used to assess body image and eating disorders was the Scale of Risk Factors for Eating Disorders. Results: When performing an inferential analysis using a two-way ANOVA, dissatisfaction with body image showed statistically significant gender (F(1, 55) = 17.41, p ≤ 0.001) and group (F(2 , 55) = 3.66, p = 0.033) differences, males displaying higher degree of dissatisfaction (M = -0.54) than females (M = 0.43). The risk of anorexia showed significant differences by sex (F (1, 55) = 10.69, p = 0.002) and group (F (2,55) = 7,97, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Gymnasts showed greater body dissatisfaction, with males desiring a more muscular silhouette whilst females a leaner figure compared to the control group. Likewise, gymnasts reported an increased risk of anorexia compared to the control group.
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