A study was conducted to investigate the growth rate and carcass characteristics of lambs under different feeding levels. Twenty one lambs (3 months old) were allocated into 3 treatments of feeding ...levels, namely 4% of body weight (BW) (T1), 5.5% of BW (T2) and provided ad libitum (T3). The diet contained 13.74% of CP and 61.79% of TDN. The lambs were raised to reach 25 kg BW, before being slaughtered. The parameters observed were dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass production, meat-bone ratio (MBR), fat distribution, chemical composition of meat and fatty acids profile. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance and continued by Duncan's multi-range test if there was any significant difference among the treatments. The results showed that the average of DMD was 59.71% (P>0.05). The lambs fed T3 had the highest BWG (203 g/day), the lowest FCR (6.8) and the shortest rearing time (67 days) (P<0.01). The average of carcass percentage was 46.36% and meat production was 6,931 g (P>0.05). The lambs of T3 had the heaviest carcass fat (2,698 g), the lightest carcass bone (1,985 g), the highest MBR (3.6), and the highest PUFA to SFA ratio (0.55). It can be concluded that the higher the feeding level resulted in the higher growth rate, the lower feed conversion ratio, higher meat-bone ratio and higher carcass fat production, lower feed conversion ratio and the shorter rearing time; but did not af-fect the meat quality.
This study was aimed to investigate the proportion of body water, protein and fat of lambs and rams. The material used in this study were 6 lambs (weighed of 15.92 kg), and 6 rams (weighed 23.31 kg). ...The sheep were fed a complete feed. In weeks 1, 5 and 9, the body composition (water, protein and body fat) was measured using the "urea space" method. The results showed that the proportion of water, protein and fat in the body of lambs and sheep differed significantly (P <0.01). The proportion of lambs' body water in weeks 1, 5 and 9 were 58.71, 58.43 and 58.43%, respectively; while thoset of the rams were 58.40, 58.14% and 58.14%, respectively. The proportion of body protein of lambs in weeks 1, 5 and 9 were 11.84, 11.94 and 11.99%, respectively; while those of rams were 13.01; 13.01 and 13.03%, respectively. The proportion of body fat of lambs in weeks 1, 5 and 9 were 20.51, 20.87 and 20.87%, respectively; while those of rams were 20.9, 21.26 and 21.25%, respectively. Body water of lambs and rams week decreased from week 1 to 9. On the other hand, the proportion of body protein and fat increased. It is concluded that the proportion of body water was higher while the proportions of body protein and fat were lower in lambs as compared with those in rams.
A study was carried out to investigate growth pattern and productivity of female Wonosobo sheep. This study involved 151 female Wonosobo sheep aged from 0-7 days to 48 months. Data collected were ...including the growth pattern of body weight and body measurements (heart girth, body length, chest depth, chest width, shoulder height, hip height), and ewes productivity (birth weight, weaning weight, litter size, lambing interval, age of first mating and age of first lambing). The data obtained were analyzed statistically and descriptively. The results showed that body weight and body measurements of female Wonosobo sheep increased with age until 36 months of age. Their body measurements and weight were higher than those of local breeds in Indonesia. The average values of Wonosobo ewes productivity were: litter size was 1.45 heads, lambing interval was 9.48 months, age of the first mating was 9.82 months, age of first lambing was 15.86 months, lambs' birth weight was 2.81 kg and lambs' weaning weight was 31.20 kg. It was concluded that female Wonosobo sheep had a medium body size and good productivity.
An experimental study was carried out to evaluate the implication of early fattening of Kejobong goats by improving feeding quality on methane production and meat production. Sixteen goats (8 young ...and 8 mature) were raised for 4 months study period. Nested design was used in this study, with young and mature as a nest factor, and diet (G7C3: 70% grass and 30% concentrate and G3C7: 30% grass and 70% concentrate) as the treatments. The main parameters observed were DMI, BWG, carcass (CWG) and meat weight gain (MWG), and methane emission. The results showed, the young goat fed G3C7 was higher than that fed G7C3 in DMI. The BWG’s of goats fed G3C7 were higher than those fed G7C3, but there was no difference between ages in BWG. The FCR of young goat fed G3C7 was lower than that fed G7C3. The DMI of mature goat was higher than young goat, but there were no differences between the ages in DM digestibility, carcass weight and meat weight gain. The young and mature goats fed G3C7 was significantly lower than that of G7C3 in methane emissions per unit of BWG (0.28 vs 0.40 and 0.36 vs 0.53, respectively), in methane emissions per unit CWG (0.60 vs 0.93 and 0.79 vs 1.47, respectively), and methane emission per unit MWG (0.89 vs 1.42 and 1.16 vs 2.19, respectively). It can be concluded that fattening young Kejobong goats by improving feed quality is more environmentally friendly than fattening the mature ones.
Nitrogen is one of the contributors of greenhouse gases (GHG). In ruminants, more than 60% nitrogen was excreted in feces and urine during the animal life. Therefore, the faster the animal can be ...slaughtered the less nitrogen excreted. The aimed of this study to evaluate the decrease of nitrogen emissions by using early fattening in sheep after weaned. Thirty Thin Tailed lambs (aged 4 months; 13.70± 1.93 kg of BW) were used in this study. The feed was pelleted complete feed that contained 14% - 18% crude protein (CP) and 60% - 70% total digestible nutrients (TDN). The nitrogen emission was analyzed from urine and feces. Feed, feces, and urine were collected during 7 days using the total collection method. Nitrogen (N) was analyzed using Kjeldahl method. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results showed that lambs fattened during 3 months had 24.32 kg of slaughter weight, with an average daily gain (ADG) was 126.4 g/d, which is in traditional farmers in Indonesia required at least 12 months to achieve 24 kg of slaughter weight. It indicated that early fattening can be faster 5 months than that of the traditional farmer. In this study, the daily N emissions from feces and urine were 13.43 g/d, the emissions of N2O was 0.27 g/d. Those results could be calculated total emissions of N and N2O between early fattening (7 months) and traditional farmer (12 months). The total emissions of N were 2.82 kg vs 4.83 kg, N2O; 56 g vs 96 g, respectively. Based on the result, it could be concluded that shortening rearing period in sheep can reduce the emissions of N and N2O until 41%.
This studywasaimed to examine the development and function ofdigestive organsof lamb in digesting feed based on feed digestibility valueandeating behaviour. The materials used were 11 lambs aged 3-4 ...months, body weight(BW)14.78 ± 1.99 kg (CV 3.98%), and 11 ramsaged 10-12 months, BW 22.18 ± 1.81 kg (CV 3.29%). The study used a completelyrandomized design of 2x2 in nestedpatterns. There were two ages compared (lambs vs ram) and every age was nested the diet i.e.100%Napiergrass (G100) vs mixed pellet 50% grass and 50% concentrate(G50C50). The diet was given at 3.5% of BW. Parameters observed were dry matter intake(DMI)and digestibility, eating and ruminating time. The results showed that were no significant differences between lambs and rams in DMI (averaged 3.33% BW),digestibility (averaged 49.00%), eating (192.56 min/d), and ruminating (364 min/d). Animalsgiven diet G50C50 had higher (P<0.05) DMI (666 vs 565 g/d), digestibility (50.49%vs 47.53%), and less (P<0.05) eating (47 vs 338 min/d) and ruminating (305 vs 423 min/d), as compared withthose fed diet G100.It is concludedthat the digestive tracts of lambs had developed and function to the stage similar to ram.
A study had been conducted to evaluate the performance of Islamic Boarding Schools (IBS) in developing the beef cattle agribusiness partnerships network in Central Java. This study involved 24 IBS ...with each IBS selected two respondents, namely one from internal (santri) and one from external (farmer community). Sample determination uses purposive sampling method. This study uses Gap Analysis by determining the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) value. Primary data were collected through direct observation and interviews with respondents. Secondary data was obtained from relevant government institutions. The results showed that the beef cattle agribusiness partnership network that was developed by IBS still did not satisfy for santries and farmer communities (CSI.s.total : 30.73% and CSI.f.total : 47.05%). It was concluded that farmer communities were very enthusiastic about establishing the beef cattle agribusiness partnerships with IBS; the santries needed additional livestock curriculums; IBS needed training and assistance from the other parties (government, private sector, etc.) in order to improve the ability to raise beef cattle and the ability to train, instruct and plan the beef cattle farming development in surrounding area. Increasing the ability of IBS automatically can increase the effectiveness of IBS role as an empowerment institution for surrounding community.
An experimental study was carried out to investigate the concentrations of volatile (VFA), ammonia and microbial protein production of rumen fluid in sheep given fedd during the day and at night. ...This study used 12 fat-tailed rams aged 12-18 months and weighed 24,12 ± 25 kg (CV = 10,51%). The rams were fed a complete feed containing 16.64% protein and 68,33% total digestible nutrients (TDN). The rams were allocated into a completely randomised design with 3 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments applied were: T1: day time feeding (6.00 hrs - 18.00 hrs); T2: night time feeding (18.00 hrs - 6.00 hrs); and T3: day and night time feedings (6.00 hrs - 6.00 hrs). The parameters observed were dry matter intake (DMI), rumen VFA concentration, rumen ammonia concentration, rumen rmicrobial protein production and the efficiency of rumen microbial protein production. The results showed that feeding time did not significantly affect (P>0.05) all the parameters observed. Dry matter intake, VFA concentration, ammonia concentration, the microbial protein production of rumen fluid and the efficiency of microbial protein production were 1,073g/d, 49.69 mmol; 4.77 mg N/100 ml, 12,111 g/d and 19.96 g per kg digestible organic matter intake (DOMI), respectively. It is concluded that feeding time did not affect DMI, condition of rumen fluid and rumen microbial protein production in sheep.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between nitrogen intake and nitrogen excretion in different total digestible nutrients (TDN) level. Thirty five heads of male Kacang goats were ...used and fed by two different levels of TDN (60% and 65%). Feces and urine from all goats were collected separately, then analyzed to get the percentage of crude protein. The parameters measured were N intake, N feces, N urine, and N total and calculated in weight (g/day). The data was analyzed by linear regression to determine the correlation and equation between N intake and N excretion, then evaluated by t-test. The result showed that N intake was significant different and had a negative strong correlation with N feces and N total (-0.73 and -0.68, respectively) in TDN 60%, while positive strong correlation with N feces and N total (0.75 and 0.67, respectively) in TDN 65%. The higher nitrogen intake increased N urine either in TDN 60% or 65% (r = 0.27 and r = 0.45, respectively). TDN 60% in feed reduced N excretion with the increase of N intake. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that TDN 60% gave the lower N excretion in high N intake than TDN 70%.
Comparison of N excretion between Goat and Sheep Choirunnisa, R; Luthfi, N; Prima, A ...
IOP conference series. Earth and environmental science,
04/2019, Letnik:
247, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This study was aimed to evaluate N excretion between goat and sheep. This study used the data of 30 male Kacang goats (BW 8.3 - 23.8 kg) and 30 male thin tailed sheep (BW 20.7 - 28.5kg) from 6 ...experiments. The diets contained 9-18% CP and 55-78% TDN. Paramaters observed were N intake (NI) and N feces of goat (NFG), N feces of sheep (NFS) N urine of goat (NUG), N urine of sheep (NUS) and N excreted total for goats (NETG) and sheep (NETS). All data were analyzed using correlation regression analysis. The data showed that NI was correlated with NUS (r=0.478), NFS (r=0.709) as well as NETS (r=0.732), all were belong to sheep stronger than of goats (NUG r=0.311; NFG r=0.334 and NETG r=0.157. Based on the results, it can be concluded that sheep and goat has a different ability to utilize the N intake, and therefore the goats and sheep could not be predicted using single prediction estimation and suggested to be provided by specific prediction equation.
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