This experiment assessed how the frame of promotional vaccine messages elicited psychological reactance differently for African American parents according to their level of perceived vaccine ...efficacy. We found that those with low perceived HPV vaccine efficacy experienced more psychological reactance in response to loss-framed messages compared to gain-framed messages, whereas message framing made little difference for those with high perceived HPV vaccine efficacy. In addition, the interaction between frame and perceived HPV vaccine efficacy indirectly affected parents' intentions to vaccinate their child for HPV via reactance. These results support current theorizing about framing effects under defensive message processing specifically as it applies to psychological reactance.
Abstract Aims To determine which patient characteristics were associated with failure to receive indicated care for diabetes over time. Methods English Longitudinal Study of Ageing participants aged ...50 or older with diabetes reported receipt of care described by four diabetes quality indicators (QIs) in 2008–9 and 2010–11. Annual checks for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), proteinuria and foot examination were assessed as a care bundle ( n = 907). A further QI ( n = 759) assessed whether participants with cardiac risk factors were offered ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). Logistic regression modelled associations between failure to receive indicated care in 2010–11 and participants’ socio-demographic, lifestyle and health characteristics, diabetes self-management knowledge, health literacy, and previous QI achievement in 2008–9. Results A third of participants (2008–9 = 32.8%; 2010–11 = 32.2%) did not receive all annual checks in the care bundle. Nearly half of those eligible were not offered ACE inhibitors/ARBs (2008–9 = 44.6%; 2010–11 = 44.5%). Failure to receive a complete care bundle was associated with lower diabetes self-management knowledge (odds ratio (OR) 2.05), poorer cognitive performance (1.78), or having previously received incomplete care (3.32). Participants who were single (OR = 2.16), had low health literacy (1.50) or had received incomplete care previously (6.94) were more likely to not be offered ACE inhibitors/ARBs. Increasing age (OR = 0.76) or body mass index (OR = 0.70) was associated with lower odds of failing to receive this aspect of care. Conclusions Quality improvement initiatives for diabetes might usefully target patients with previous receipt of incomplete care, poor knowledge of annual diabetes care processes, and poorer cognition and health literacy.
Abstract Objective: To compare effectiveness and acceptability of early discharge to a hospital at home scheme with that of routine discharge from acute hospital. Design: Pragmatic randomised ...controlled trial. Setting: Acute hospital wards and community in north of Bristol, with a catchment population of about 224 000 people. Subjects: 241 hospitalised but medically stable elderly patients who fulfilled criteria for early discharge to hospital at home scheme and who consented to participate. Interventions: Patients' received hospital at home care or routine hospital care. Main outcome measures: Patients' quality of life, satisfaction, and physical functioning assessed at 4 weeks and 3 months after randomisation to treatment; length of stay in hospital and in hospital at home scheme after randomisation; mortality at 3 months. Results: There were no significant differences in patient mortality, quality of life, and physical functioning between the two arms of the trial at 4 weeks or 3 months. Only one of 11 measures of patient satisfaction was significantly different: hospital at home patients perceived higher levels of involvement in decisions. Length of stay for those receiving routine hospital care was 62% (95% confidence interval 51% to 75%) of length of stay in hospital at home scheme. Conclusions: The early discharge hospital at home scheme was similar to routine hospital discharge in terms of effectiveness and acceptability. Increased length of stay associated with the scheme must be interpreted with caution because of different organisational characteristics of the services. Key messages Pressure on hospital beds, the increasing age of the population, and high costs associated with acute hospital care have fuelled the search for alternatives to inpatient hospital care There were no significant differences between early discharge to hospital at home scheme and routine hospital care in terms of patient quality of life, physical functioning, and most measures of patient satisfaction Length of stay for hospital patients was significantly shorter than that of hospital at home patients, but, owing to qualitative differences between the two interventions, this does not necessarily mean differences in effectiveness Early discharge to hospital at home provides an acceptable alternative to routine hospital care in terms of effectiveness and patient acceptability
Superhydrophobic self-cleaning covers, exhibiting small roll-off angles of water droplets, mitigate the soiling of photovoltaic (PV) modules. In this work, microcone-textured fluorinated ethylene ...propylene (FEP) covers attached to the front side of PV modules offer improved performance via dual functionality, namely via self-cleaning and reduced parasitic reflection losses. The aspect ratio of the FEP microcone-textures was investigated in view of both functionalities. The best performing microcone-textured cover (aspect ratio of 0.7) demonstrated a significant enhancement in short-circuit current density (JSC) of 3.1% relative when applied to Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells. Furthermore, compared to a planar FEP layer, the microcone-textures showed superior self-cleaning capability when tested using different soil types. Microcone-textured FEP recovered 100% and 65.8% of photocurrent generated when soiled with sea sand and Arizona test dust, respectively. We also present robust microcone-textured FEP covers such that superhydrophobicity was still achieved even with truncated microcones.
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•Superhydrophobicity achieved with microcone-textured FEP for all aspect ratios.•Optimum aspect ratio of 0.7 enhances both self-cleaning and light harvesting.•Significant self-cleaning enhancement observed for two distinct soil types.•Relative 2.9% power conversion efficiency enhancement for CIGS mini-modules.•Even imperfect microcone-textures in FEP achieved superhydrophobicity.
A novel combination of a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane with pore size 0.2 μm and a photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine palladium(II) (PdTFPP) makes ...a promising hybrid material for the generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) and, thus, water treatment applications. The fabricated photocatalytic membrane exhibits permeability of 4280 ± 250 L·m–2·h–1·bar–1 and stable photocatalytic degradation performance over a 90 h period, when illuminated with green light (528 ± 20 nm) and operated in a dead-end, single-pass configuration. Methylene blue (MB) degradation of 83% was achieved for MB concentration of 1 mg·L–1 under the flow rate of 0.1 × 10–3 L·min–1 (flux of 30 L·m–2·h–1), light intensity of 21 mW·cm–2, and PdTFPP loading of 25 μmol·g–1. Due to an enhanced mass transfer, the reaction rate of MB removal (with apparent rate constant of k app = 6.52 min–1) results in an efficient photodegradation of MB inside the PdTFPP-PVDF membrane. The influence of experimental parameters such as catalyst loading, flow rate, light intensity, and solute concentration on MB removal was investigated. This research enables the application of photocatalytic PdTFPP-PVDF membranes as a potential technology for water decontamination under visible-light illumination.
ADAMTS-1, a member of the A disintegrin and metalloproteinase family of proteases, is expressed in rodent follicles via progesterone receptor (PR)-dependent pathways. However, the functional ...relationship between ADAMTS-1 expression and PR has not been studied extensively in other species. In the present study, we investigated the time-dependent changes in ADAMTS-1 expression in cumulus cells of porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs), and the roles of ADAMTS-1 in cumulus expansion during in vitro maturation of oocytes. ADAMTS-1 message was not detected in cumulus cells at the time of collection from the follicles. In response to gonadotropins, ADAMTS-1 mRNA was dramatically up-regulated and reached a maximum at 20 h. The level of mature ADAMTS-1 protein increased in a time-dependent manner with a maximum level at 40 h. The induction of ADAMTS-1 mRNA and protein was significantly decreased by the addition of PR antagonist RU486 to the cultures. However, RU486 did not affect the expression of ADAMTS-4 or factors that had been reported to be required for COC expansion (TSG-6, versican, HA synthase-2). COCs cultured with FSH and LH for 40 h exhibited prominent cumulus expansion. The expansion was reduced significantly by the addition of either RU486 or Galardin, a broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. These results suggest that the expression and induction of ADAMTS-1 through receptor-mediated action of progesterone in cumulus cells is one of the essential requirements for gonadotropin-regulated cumulus expansion of porcine COCs.
Sunlight that is incident on the front surface of a luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) is absorbed and subsequently re-emitted by luminescent materials. The resulting luminescence is transported to ...the edge of the LSC sheet and concentrated onto photovoltaic devices. Despite its potential for generating low-cost solar power, LSC development faces numerous challenges, the majority of which are related to the luminescent materials used in their design. Earlier LSC research focused on organic dyes, and while several of the shortcomings with these materials have been solved over time, some major challenges remain. This paper outlines the loss mechanisms that limit conversion efficiency of the LSC and highlights the role that advanced materials can play. Losses include nonunity fluorescence quantum yield (FQY), reabsorption losses, incomplete utilization of the solar spectrum, and escape cone losses. Long-term photostability is also discussed as it is essential for commercial feasibility of any solar technology. Past and current techniques, designed to reduce these losses, are described and their experimental achievements are discussed.
VESUVIO Data Analysis Goes MANTID Jackson, S; Krzystyniak, M; Seel, A G ...
Journal of physics. Conference series,
01/2014, Letnik:
571, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This paper describes ongoing efforts to implement the reduction and analysis of neutron Compton scattering data within the MANTID framework. Recently, extensive work has been carried out to integrate ...the bespoke data reduction and analysis routines written for VESUVIO with the MANTID framework. While the programs described in this document are designed to replicate the functionality of the Fortran and Genie routines already in use, most of them have been written from scratch and are not based on the original code base.
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