Cet essai a pour but d’aider à la clarification et au renforcement de l’impact d’une théorie historique des genres dans les études sur la science-fiction. Il explique et défend cinq propositions sur ...ce genre, chacune pouvant servir de thèse en elle-même : la science-fiction est historique et mouvante ; la science-fiction n’a pas d’essence, pas de caractéristique unifiante, et pas de point originel ; la science-fiction n’est pas un ensemble de textes, mais plutôt un usage des textes et une manière de les relier entre eux ; l’identité de la science-fiction est une position articulée différentiellement dans un champ de genres historique et mouvant ; attribuer une identité science-fictionnelle à un texte constitue une intervention active dans sa distribution et sa réception. Cet essai conclut en proposant une approche des modes multiples et concurrents de formation de la science-fiction comme genre, en utilisant les concepts de communautés de pratiques et d'objets frontières. définition, genre, histoire, Wittgenstein (Ludwig), histoire de la science-fiction
This article reads Albert Wendt's theorization and practice of "postcolonial" writing in opposition to the project of constructing a unitary theory of "World SF," which I argue is a misguided effort ...that, in spite of its good intentions, carries with it some unfortunate colonial baggage. The article focuses on two long narratives by Albert Wendt, the most celebrated and influential Oceanian writer of the past half century. In contrast to understanding Wendt's work as a "semi-peripheral" success at forging a "structural compromise" between Western and Indigenous forms, I argue for using Ngugi wa Thiong'o's theory of "globalectics" to describe how Wendt's "synthesis forged in resistance" articulates Indigenous and Western traditions. To flesh out this theoretical intervention, the article proceeds to a reading of how Black Rainbow and The Adventures of Vela bring the dynamics of identity, recognition, and ignorance to bear upon the legacy and ongoing effects of colonialism.
This essay aims to clarify and strengthen the impact of an historical genre theory on sf studies. It advances and defends five propositions about sf, each of which could be recast as a thesis about ...genre per se: 1) sf is historical and mutable; 2) sf has no essence, no single unifying characteristic, and no point of origin; 3) sf is not a set of texts, but rather a way of using texts and of drawing relationships among them; 4) sf's identity is a differentially articulated position in a historical and mutable field of genres; 5) attribution of the identity of sf to a text constitutes an active intervention in its distribution and reception. The essay concludes by proposing an approach to the multiple and competing agencies of sf genre formation, using the concepts of communities of practice and boundary objects.
This article reads Albert Wendt’s theorization and practice of “postcolonial” writing in opposition to the project of constructing a unitary theory of “World SF,” which I argue is a misguided effort ...that, in spite of its good intentions, carries with it some unfortunate colonial baggage. The article focuses on two long narratives by Albert Wendt, the most celebrated and influential Oceanian writer of the past half century. In contrast to understanding Wendt’s work as a “semi-peripheral” success at forging a “structural compromise” between Western and Indigenous forms, I argue for using Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o’s theory of “globalectics” to describe how Wendt’s “synthesis forged in resistance” articulates Indigenous and Western traditions. To flesh out this theoretical intervention, the article proceeds to a reading of how Black Rainbow and The Adventures of Vela bring the dynamics of identity, recognition, and ignorance to bear upon the legacy and ongoing effects of colonialism.
Our working hypothesis is that single bioactive phytochemicals with antioxidant properties that are important constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and their defined mixtures have ...potential as chemoprotective agents for chronic conditions characterized by oxidative and nitrosative stress, including Alzheimer's. Here we evaluate the ability of baicalein, crocetin, trans-resveratrol or schisanhenol and two defined mixtures of these TCM phytochemicals to attenuate the toxicity resulting from exposure to cell permeant t-butyl hydroperoxide (tBPH) in wild-type and bioengineered (to express choline acetyltransferase) HEK 293 cells.
Endpoints of tBHP-initiated oxidative and nitrosative stress in both types of HEK 293 cells and its attenuation by TCM constituents and mixtures included cytotoxicity (LDH release); depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH); formation of S-glutathionylated proteins; oxidative changes to the disulfide proteome; and real-time changes in intracellular redox status.
At low µM concentrations, each of the TCM constituents and mixtures effectively attenuated intracellular toxicity due to exposure of HEK 293 cells to 50 or 250 µM tBHP for 30 min to 3 h. Confocal microscopy of HEK 293 cells transfected with mutated green fluorescent protein (roGFP2) showed effective attenuation of tBHP oxidation by baicalein in real time. Three redox-regulated proteins prominent in the disulfide proteome of HEK 293 cells were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.
We conclude that single TCM chemicals and their simple mixtures have potential for use in adjunct chemoprotective therapy. Advantages of mixtures compared to single TCM constituents include the ability to combine compounds with varying molecular mechanisms of cytoprotection for enhanced biological activity; and to combine chemicals with complementary pharmacokinetic properties to increase half-life and prolong activity in vivo. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see "For Readers") may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue's contents page.
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