•An extension of the ADM1 model for the microaeration process is proposed.•The model was tested with data from pilot scale digester operated for 200 d.•Results indicate that the model can be used to ...predict the digester behavior.•The addition of a retention parameter for the SOB improved the model performance.
Microaeration can be used to cost-effectively remove in-situ H2S from the biogas generated in anaerobic digesters. This study is aimed at developing and validating an extension of the Anaerobic Digestion Model n°1 capable of incorporating the main phenomena which occurs during microaeration. This innovative model was implemented and tested with data from a pilot scale digester microaerated for ∼ 200 d. The results showed that despite the model’s initial ability to predict the digester’s behavior, its predicted performance was improved by calibrating the most influential parameters. The model’s prediction potential was largely enhanced by adding retention parameters that account for the activity of sulfide oxidizing bacteria retained inside the anaerobic digester, which have been consistently shown to be responsible for a large share of the H2S removed.
We aimed at investigating the whole-blood transcriptome, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), and levels of selected serological markers in patients with SLE versus healthy controls (HC) to ...gain insight into pathogenesis and identify drug targets.
We analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and dysregulated gene modules in a cohort of 350 SLE patients and 497 HC from the European PRECISESADS project (NTC02890121), split into a discovery (60%) and a replication (40%) set. Replicated DEGs qualified for eQTL, pathway enrichment, regulatory network, and druggability analysis. For validation purposes, a separate gene module analysis was performed in an independent cohort (GSE88887).
Analysis of 521 replicated DEGs identified multiple enriched interferon signaling pathways through Reactome. Gene module analysis yielded 18 replicated gene modules in SLE patients, including 11 gene modules that were validated in GSE88887. Three distinct gene module clusters were defined i.e., “interferon/plasma cells”, “inflammation”, and “lymphocyte signaling”. Predominant downregulation of the lymphocyte signaling cluster denoted renal activity. By contrast, upregulation of interferon-related genes indicated hematological activity and vasculitis. Druggability analysis revealed several potential drugs interfering with dysregulated genes within the “interferon” and “PLK1 signaling events” modules. STAT1 was identified as the chief regulator in the most enriched signaling molecule network. Drugs annotated to 15 DEGs associated with cis-eQTLs included bortezomib for its ability to modulate CTSL activity. Belimumab was annotated to TNFSF13B (BAFF) and daratumumab was annotated to CD38 among the remaining replicated DEGs.
Modulation of interferon, STAT1, PLK1, B and plasma cell signatures showed promise as viable approaches to treat SLE, pointing to their importance in SLE pathogenesis.
•SLE transcripts defined 3 distinct clusters: interferon, inflammation, lymphocyte signaling.•Interferon gene upregulation denoted hematological activity and vasculitis.•Rs7918733 T > C was associated with upregulation of CASP7 in SLE patients.•Druggability analysis suggested CTSL activity depression through proteasome inhibition.
We differentiate between the metal enrichment of the gas in virialized minihalos and that of the intergalactlc medium at high redshift, which is pertinent to cosmological reionization, with the ...initial expectation that gas in the high-density regions within formed dark matter halos may be more robust and thus resistant to mixing with the lower density intergalactic medium. Using detailed hydrodynamic simulations of gas clouds in minihalos subject to destructive processes associated with the encompassing intergalactic shocks carrying metal-enriched gas, we find, as an example, that, for realistic shocks with velocities of 10-100 km s super(-1), more than (90%, 65%) of the high-density gas with rho greater than or equal to 500 rho b inside a minihalo virialized at z = 10 with a mass of (10 super(7), 10 super(6)) M unk, respectively, remains at a metalliclty lower than 3% of that of the intergalactic medium by redshift z = 6. It may be expected that the high-density gas in minihalos will become fuel for subsequent star formation when they are incorporated into larger halos, where efficient atomic cooling can induce gas condensation and hence star formation. Since minihalos vlrialize at high redshift, when the universe is not expected to have been significantly reionized, the implication is that gas in virialized minihalos may provide an abundant reservoir of primordial gas that could possibly allow the formation of Population III metal-free stars to extend to much lower redshifts than would have been otherwise expected on the basis of the enrichment of the intergalactic medium.
A classic T-cell phenotype in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the downregulation and replacement of the CD3ζ chain that alters T-cell receptor signaling. However, genetic associations with SLE ...in the human CD247 locus that encodes CD3ζ are not well established and require replication in independent cohorts. Our aim was therefore to examine, localize and validate CD247-SLE association in a large multiethnic population. We typed 44 contiguous CD247 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 8922 SLE patients and 8077 controls from four ethnically distinct populations. The strongest associations were found in the Asian population (11 SNPs in intron 1, 4.99 × 10(-4) < P < 4.15 × 10(-2)), where we further identified a five-marker haplotype (rs12141731-rs2949655-rs16859085-rs12144621-rs858554; G-G-A-G-A; P(hap) = 2.12 × 10(-5)) that exceeded the most associated single SNP rs858554 (minor allele frequency in controls = 13%; P = 4.99 × 10(-4), odds ratio = 1.32) in significance. Imputation and subsequent association analysis showed evidence of association (P < 0.05) at 27 additional SNPs within intron 1. Cross-ethnic meta-analysis, assuming an additive genetic model adjusted for population proportions, showed five SNPs with significant P-values (1.40 × 10(-3) < P< 3.97 × 10(-2)), with one (rs704848) remaining significant after Bonferroni correction (P(meta) = 2.66 × 10(-2)). Our study independently confirms and extends the association of SLE with CD247, which is shared by various autoimmune disorders and supports a common T-cell-mediated mechanism.
A genetic contribution to the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is well established. Several genome-wide linkage scans have identified a number of putative susceptibility loci for ...SLE, some of which have been replicated in independent samples. This study aimed to identify the regions showing the most consistent evidence for linkage by applying the genome scan meta-analysis (GSMA) method. The study identified two genome-wide suggestive regions on 6p21.1-q15 and 20p11-q13.13 (P-value=0.0056 and P-value=0.0044, respectively) and a region with P-value<0.01 on 16p13-q12.2. The region on chromosome 6 contains the human leukocyte antigen cluster, and the chromosome 16 and 20 regions have been replicated in several cohorts. The potential importance of the identified genomic regions are also highlighted. These results, in conjunction with data emerging from dense single nucleotide polymorphism typing of specific regions or future genome-wide association studies will help guide efforts to identify the actual predisposing genetic variation contributing to this complex genetic disease.
We evaluated the roles of five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within PDCD1, and haplotypes defined by these SNPs, for the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and specific ...sub-phenotypes (nephritis, antiphospholipid antibody positive, arthritis and double-stranded DNA positive) within a multiethnic US cohort of 1036 patients. Family based analyses were performed using 844 simplex families from four ethnic groups (Caucasian, Asian, Hispanic and African American). Subjects were genotyped for five 'tag' SNPs (selected from 15) to provide complete genetic information in all main ethnic groups. We employed transmission disequilibrium testing to assess risk for SLE by allele or haplotype, and multiple logistic regression analysis of SLE cases to examine associations with specific sub-phenotypes. In family based analyses, a haplotype containing the PD1.3A allele was significantly associated with SLE susceptibility among Caucasian families (P=0.01). Among Hispanic families, two novel SNPs were associated with SLE risk (P=0.005 and 0.01). In multivariate logistic regression analyses, five haplotypes were associated with specific sub-phenotypes among the different ethnic groups. These results suggest that PDCD1 genetic variation influences the risk and expression of SLE and that these associations vary according to ethnic background.
Introducción: El neumomediastino se define como la presencia de aire o gas dentro de los planos fasciales del mediastino. Por lo general, es un fenómeno secundario a perforaciones traumáticas del ...tracto aero-digestivo. El neumomediastino secundario a una fractura orbitaria es un evento raro. Se asocia a complicaciones potencialmente mortales como el neumotórax, el neumopericardio y la mediastinitis. Objetivo: Describir un caso de neumomediastino secundario a una fractura aislada de piso orbitario y su manejo médico-quirúrgico. Caso clínico: Paciente de sexo femenino de 42 años que sufre traumatismo en regiones facial, cervical y torácica desarrollando secundariamente un enfisema subcutáneo panfacial y un neumomediastino, el cual se resuelve exitosamente. Discusión: El neumomediastino secundario a una fractura aislada de piso orbitario es un evento muy raro. El aire puede descender a lo largo de los espacios fasciales hasta el mediastino. En este sentido, sonarse la nariz es un factor de riesgo para desarrollar esta patología. Conclusión: Ocurrido un trauma maxilofacial puede presentarse enfisemas de espacios profundos de la cabeza, cuello e incluso el mediastino.
Patagonia features the most extensive glaciers of the Southern Hemisphere, excluding Antarctica, and a vast inventory of glacial landforms, so it is thought to have played a key role in ...(paleo)glacier studies since the late 19th century. However, no systematic attempts to characterize the specific research trends and the scientific community focused on Patagonian cryosphere have been conducted so far. To fill this gap, we analyzed the metadata associated to 305 articles compiled from the Web of Science database following a bibliometric approach covering the period between 1976 and 2020. Our results point to an irregular but net increase on the number of contributions on Patagonian (paleo)glaciers. Mass balance analyses based on satellite data of present-day glaciers and the reconstruction of past glacier activity by dating glacial landforms formed during the Last Glacial Termination, were the most addressed topics during the analyzed period. Patagonian (paleo)glacier studies are mostly published in generic Earth Sciences publications, followed by Quaternary and glaciological journals. Most of the studies were led by scientists from the United Kingdom, followed by Chile, Argentina and United States. In terms of collaborations, these studies can be divided into two main clusters, one composed by researchers from United States, Chile and Argentina institutions, and another mostly composed by British researchers. So far, the most prolific authors are nearly equally distributed in nationality, yet gender inclusion and international collaborations are still caveats that must be solved. Even though our query on the Web of Science missed highly influential (so-called) grey literature, such as local scientific journals and technical reports, the reviewed scientific literature unambiguously indicates that Patagonia is a privileged location for (paleo)glaciers studies worldwide and that it will continue offering vast opportunities to tackle critical questions related to global cryosphere and past-to-present climate changes.
•Patagonia is a privilege site for studying present and past glacier dynamics and the evolution of climate changes at hemispheric and global scale.•Glacier dynamics during the 20th century and and the Last Glacial Termination are the most common topics addressed in past decades in the WOS.•Patagonian (paleo)glacier studies has contributed to the development or improvement of diverse analytical techniques.•United Kingdom, United States, Chile and Argentina produced the largest number of WOS-listed papers on (paleo)glaciers in past decades.•The related scientific community is fairly heterogeneous. Although, inclusion and international collaboration issues still need to improve.
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