Parity is associated with the incidence of problems in pregnancy, delivery and the puerperium. The influence of parity in the postpartum period has been poorly studied and the results are ...incongruous. The objective of this study was to identify the association between parity and the existence of distinct discomfort and problems during the postpartum period. Cross-sectional study with puerperal women in Spain. Data was collected on demographic and obstetric variables and maternal manifestations of discomfort and problems during the postpartum period. An ad hoc online questionnaire was used. Crude odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by conditional logistic regression. 1503 primiparous and 1487 multiparous participated in the study. 53.4% (803) of the primiparous women affirmed to have feelings of sadness, as opposed to 36.2% (539) of multiparous women (aOR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.35-1.89). 48.3% (726) of primiparous had lactation problems vs 24.7% (367) of multiparous (aOR: 2.46; 95% CI: 2.05-2.94). 37.2% (559) of primiparous reported anxiety, while the percentage in multiparous was 25.7% (382) (aOR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.12-1.61). 22.2% (333) of primiparous had depressive symptoms, and 11.6% (172) of multiparous (aOR: 1.65; CI 95%: 1.31-2.06). Faecal incontinence was more present in primiparous than in multiparous, 6.5% (97) and 3.3% (49) respectively (aOR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.07-2.38). Parity is associated with the presence of certain problems in the postpartum period. Thus, primiparous are more likely to have lactation problems, depressive symptoms, anxiety, sadness, and faecal incontinence.
Aims and objectives
To evaluate the commitment and level of self‐perceived training in evidence‐based practice among students of the Nursing degree of five Spanish universities.
Background
In ...university Health Sciences degrees, evidence‐based clinical practice can directly or indirectly impact the quality of care, the cost of the service provided and the safety of clinical practice.
Design
Multicentre cross‐sectional observational study according to STROBE guidelines.
Methods
The evidence‐based skills in Practice questionnaire (CACH‐PBE, for its acronym in Spanish) and the Utrecht Work Engagement Student Scale (UWES‐9S) were used. The study was performed in five Spanish universities (Alicante, Castilla La Mancha, Jaen, Huelva and Seville) from October to December 2020, with 755 participants (Nursing students).
Results
A total mean score of 91.9 points (SD = 11.81) was observed for the CACH‐PBE questionnaire and of 36.8 points (SD = 8.48 points) for the UWES‐9S. In addition, the multivariate analysis predicted that variables such as sex, academia, university, intention to do a Master or Doctorate degree, the level of work engagement, and the previous training in evidence‐based clinical practice were associated with a greater perception of evidence‐based practice.
Conclusion
The sample of Nursing degree students has intermediate‐high levels of knowledge, skills and attitudes regarding evidence‐based practice and work commitment, with differences observed between each of the universities.
Relevance to clinical practice
Nursing students should develop from intermediate to high levels of knowledge, skills and attitudes regarding evidence‐based practice and work commitment. There are various actions to promote EBP, such as the incorporation of a specific course covering the subject into the nursing curriculum, and the selection, for clinical practices, of care units that implemented evidence‐based care.
Although identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a global health priority, maternal mental health does not receive much attention even in the health systems of developed countries. With ...pregnancy monitoring protocols placing priority on the physical health of the mother, there is a paucity of literature documenting the traumatising effects of the birth process. To address this knowledge gap, this qualitative descriptive study aimed to investigate women perceptions of living a traumatic childbirth experience and the factors related to it. Qualitative data, collected via semi-structured interviews with 32 participants recruited from parent support groups and social media in Spain, were analyzed through a six-phase inductive thematic analysis. Data analysis revealed five major themes-"Birth Plan Compliance", "Obstetric Problems", "Mother-Infant Bond", "Emotional Wounds" and "Perinatal Experiences"-and 13 subthemes. The majority of responses mentioned feelings of being un/misinformed by healthcare personnel, being disrespected and objectified, lack of support, and various problems during childbirth and postpartum. Fear, loneliness, traumatic stress, and depression were recurrent themes in participants' responses. As the actions of healthcare personnel can substantially impact a birth experience, the study findings strongly suggest the need for proper policies, procedures, training, and support to minimise negative consequences of childbirth.
: Discomfort during the puerperium period is very frequent in the lives of women but the influence of this discomfort on the women's quality of life has been little studied. The objective of this ...study is to establish the association between discomfort and frequent problems of women in the puerperium and their quality of life score.
: A cross-sectional study on postpartum Spanish women was performed. Women older than 18 years and who had had a live birth were included. Less than 1% of women refused to participate in the study. Data were collected on socio-demographic, obstetric and newborn variables, on maternal problems/ discomfort in the postnatal period and on parameters that are quality of life indicators. An ad hoc online questionnaire which included the SF-36 Health Survey was used. Crude mean difference (cMD) and adjusted mean difference (aMD) were calculated through multiple linear regression.
: 2990 women participated in the study. The greater problems causing quality of life loss were depressive symptoms (aMD = -12.40, CI 95%: -10.79, -14.01), lactation problems (aMD = -4.30, CI 95%: -2.97, -5.63), problems for sexual intercourse after childbirth (aMD = -6.34, CI 95%: -5.07, -7.60) and urinary incontinence (aMD = -4.97, CI 95%: -6.30, -3.65), among others. These have been detected as risk factors that affect the quality of life of the postpartum woman.
: The discomfort and problems manifested in the 6 weeks after childbirth have an influence that deeply affects the quality of life of postpartum women.
In the frame of SARS-CoV-2 infection, studies regarding cytokine profiling of mucosal-related samples are scarce despite being the primary infection sites. The objective of this study was to compare ...the nasal and fecal inflammatory profiles of elderly individuals living in a nursing home highly affected by COVID-19 (ELD1) with those of elderly individuals living in a nursing home with no cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection (ELD2) and, also, with those of healthy SARS-CoV-2-negative younger adults (YHA). BAFF/TNFSF13B, IL6, IL10 and TNF-α (immunological hallmarks of SARS-CoV-2 infection) were the only immune factors whose concentrations were different in the three groups. Their highest concentrations were achieved in the ELD1 group. Nasal and fecal concentrations of a wide number of pro-inflammatory cytokines were similar in the ELD1 and ELD2 groups but higher than those found in the YHA samples. These results reinforce the hypothesis that immunosenescence and inflammaging rendered the elderly as a highly vulnerable population to a neo-infection, such as COVID-19, which was evidenced during the first pandemic waves.
Cigarette butts are a common type of litter. This paper reports an investigation of the physical properties and acoustical performance of a cellulose acetate material made from cigarette filters. ...Physical properties measured include porosity, flow resistivity, fiber diameter and skeletal density. The influence of smoking on these physical properties is explored. The acoustical performance of the cigarette filter derived material has been assessed according to ISO 10534–2: 1998 and compared to that of other commercial fiber materials. The comparison shows that, for a given thickness, the performance is similar or better suggesting that the material should be considered as an alternative to commercial products in building construction.
The preschool years offer a unique window of opportunity to instill healthy life-style behaviors and promote cardiovascular health.
This study sought to evaluate the effect of a 3-year ...multidimensional school-based intervention to improve life-style-related behaviors.
We performed a cluster-randomized controlled intervention trial involving 24 public schools in Madrid, Spain, that were assigned to either the SI! Program intervention or the usual curriculum and followed for 3 years. The SI! Program aimed to instill and develop healthy behaviors in relation to diet, physical activity, and understanding how the human body and heart work. The primary outcome was change in the overall knowledge, attitudes, and habits (KAH) score (range 0 to 80). The intervention's effect on adiposity markers was also evaluated.
A total of 2,062 children from 3 to 5 years of age were randomized. After 3 years of follow-up, the overall KAH score was 4.9% higher in children in the intervention group compared with the control group (21.7 vs. 16.4; p < 0.001). A peak effect was observed at the second year (improvement 7.1% higher than in the control group; p < 0.001). Physical activity was the main driver of the change in KAH at all evaluation times. Children in the intervention group for 2 years and 1 year showed greater improvement than control subjects (5.9%; p < 0.001 and 2.9%; p = 0.002, respectively). After 3 years, the intervention group showed a higher probability than the control group of reducing the triceps skinfold z-score by at least 0.1 (hazard ratio: 1.40, 95% confidence interval: 1.04 to 1.89; p = 0.027).
The SI! Program is an effective strategy for instilling healthy habits among preschoolers, translating into a beneficial effect on adiposity, with maximal effect when started at the earliest age and maintained over 3 years. Wider adoption may have a meaningful effect on cardiovascular health promotion. (Evaluation of the Program SI! for Preschool Education: A School-Based Randomized Controlled Trial Preschool_PSI!; NCT01579708).
Chitosan as a carbonation catalyst in lime mortars Carmona-Carmona, Marisa; Acedo-Fuentes, Patricia; Romero-Casado, Antonio ...
Results in engineering,
March 2023, 2023-03-00, 2023-03-01, Letnik:
17
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The investigation evaluates the influence of unmodified chitosan on the carbonation behavior of aerial lime mortars, determining the main properties in hardened state. The work was developed ...experimentally, starting from lime pastes elaborated according to European Standards. Initially, different contents of chitosan were dissolved in the mixing water, keeping constant the quantity of aerial lime and water, according to the consistency standardized by the type of lime. The samples cured for 4 days in an oven at 30 °C, were subjected to a carbonation process. The carbonation conditions established for the lime samples, with and without chitosan, were in all cases the same. It was observed that the chitosan content positively influences the kinetic reactions of lime with CO2, modifying its mineralogical, macro and microstructural properties and improving its mechanical behavior.
•Lime mortars have several potential advantages in terms of sustainability for the construction sector.•The chitosan's excellent has been widely applied in different sectors. but not in building materials.•The presence of chitosan positively influences the reaction kinetics of lime with CO2.•The presence of chitosan modifies mineralogical, macro, and microstructural properties of lime mortars.
Elderly was the most affected population during the first COVID-19 and those living in nursing homes represented the most vulnerable group, with high mortality rates, until vaccines became available. ...In a previous article, we presented an open-label trial showing the beneficial effect of the strain
CECT 30632 (previously known as
MP101) on the functional and nutritional status, and on the nasal and fecal inflammatory profiles of elderly residing in a nursing home highly affected by the pandemic. The objective of this
analysis was to elucidate if there were changes in the nasal and fecal bacteriomes of a subset of these patients as a result of the administration of the strain for 4 months and, also, its impact on their fecal fatty acids profiles. Culture-based methods showed that, while
(species level) could not be detected in any of the fecal samples at day 0,
CECT 30632 (strain level) was present in all the recruited people at day 120. Paradoxically, the increase in the
counts was not reflected in changes in the metataxonomic analysis of the nasal and fecal samples or in changes in the fatty acid profiles in the fecal samples of the recruited people. Overall, our results indicate that
CECT 30632 colonized, at least temporarily, the intestinal tract of the recruited elderly and may have contributed to improvements in their functional, nutritional, and immunological status, without changing the general structure of their nasal and fecal bacteriomes when assessed at the genus level. They also suggest the ability of low abundance bacteria to train immunity.
A comparative proteomic study at 6 h of growth in minimal medium (MM) and bacteroids at 18 days of symbiosis of
Rhizobium etli
CFN42 with the
Phaseolus vulgaris
leguminous plant was performed. A gene ...ontology classification of proteins in MM and bacteroid, showed 31 and 10 pathways with higher or equal than 30 and 20% of proteins with respect to genome content per pathway, respectively. These pathways were for energy and environmental compound metabolism, contributing to understand how
Rhizobium
is adapted to the different conditions. Metabolic maps based on orthology of the protein profiles, showed 101 and 74 functional homologous proteins in the MM and bacteroid profiles, respectively, which were grouped in 34 different isoenzymes showing a great impact in metabolism by covering 60 metabolic pathways in MM and symbiosis. Taking advantage of co-expression of transcriptional regulators (TF’s) in the profiles, by selection of genes whose matrices were clustered with matrices of TF’s, Transcriptional Regulatory networks (TRN´s) were deduced by the first time for these metabolic stages. In these clustered TF-MM and clustered TF-bacteroid networks, containing 654 and 246 proteins, including 93 and 46 TFs, respectively, showing valuable information of the TF’s and their regulated genes with high stringency. Isoenzymes were specific for adaptation to the different conditions and a different transcriptional regulation for MM and bacteroid was deduced. The parameters of the TRNs of these expected biological networks and biological networks of
E. coli
and
B. subtilis
segregate from the random theoretical networks. These are useful data to design experiments on TF gene–target relationships for bases to construct a TRN.
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