The use of antimicrobials (AMs) in pediatric infections is common practice and use may be inappropriate leading to antimicrobial resistance. Off-label AM use is also common in this group and can ...result in drug-related problems. There is lack of DUR data in Brazil and in Latin America, specially for AM pediatric use. The aim of this study was to describe the utilization of AMs in hospitalized children in five hospitals in Brazil. We conducted an observational study of the utilization of AMs in pediatric wards in hospitals in the states of Ceará (CE), Sergipe (SE), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and the Federal District (DF). Data derived from patient medical records and prescriptions were collected over a six-month period in each hospital. The number of AMs used by each patient was recorded, and AM use was assessed using Days of therapy (DOT) and Length of therapy (LOT) per 1000 patient days according to different patient characteristics. Off-label (OL) use was described according to age. The study analyzed data from 1020 patients. The sex and age distributions were similar across the five hospitals. However, differences were found for comorbidities, history of ICU admission and length of hospital stay. The most common diseases were respiratory tract infections. There were wide variations in DOT/1000PD (278-517) and LOT/1000PD (265-390). AM utilization was highest in the hospital in SE. The consumption of second-generation penicillins and cephalosporins was high. The prevalence of OL use of AMs was higher for patients in the RJ hospital, in infants, in patients who underwent prolonged hospital stays, and in patients who used multiple AMs. The AM that showed the highest prevalence of OL use was azithromycin, in both oral and parenteral formulations. Overall AM use was high and showed differences in each setting, possibly influenced by local characteristics and by prescribing standards adopted by pediatricians.
Crop residues can either be incorporated into the soil or left on the soil surface as a mulch producing soil organic matter in different quantities, having many potential benefits such as reducing ...soil compaction caused by passage of agricultural machines. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of crop residues such as maize and bean straw on the dynamic properties of a sandy soil incorporated in the laboratory condition. The experiment was carried out in laboratory. Air-dried maize (Zea mays L.) and cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L. Walp) straw with an average size of 35 mm were incorporated into the soil in proportions of 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% in trays. Sample of each soil was collected to determine the organic matter after 120 days in wet conditions. An isolated design was carried out for each soil from maize and bean straw, consisting of two soil densities (1.2 and 1.4 g/cm3), 4 carbon contents and 4 water contents from tensions of 20, 40, 60 and 80 kPa (2x4x4) with 3 repetitions. The soil compression curves of the soil samples were determined adjusted in cylinders with 70 mm diameter and 24 mm in height using the oedometric test. The structural voids index as a function of applied pressure, as well as the soil compression index and pre-compression stresses as a function of water content and carbon content were evaluated using linear regression models with coefficient of determination at 95% confidence. The soil compression index showed a strong positive correlation with organic matter (carbon) derived from bean (r = 0.905) and maize straw (r = 0.787) at 95% confidence. The soil density was 1.2 g cm-3, which was explained by a simple linear regression model.
Como destacam Bulla e Kuhn (2020), embora o Português Língua Adicional (PLA) se relacione a diversas áreas, o trabalho em conjunto com outras disciplinas dentro da área de Letras ainda não alcançou o ...engajamento que deveria. Uma análise das agendas de pesquisa na área indica uma escassez de estudos dedicados a compreender o papel das tecnologias digitais no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, o que revela a carência de investigações nesse campo (Marques; Wojciechowski, 2021). Diante disso, o objetivo desta investigação foi o de analisar experiências de aprendizagem de PLA mediadas por tecnologias digitais. Para isso, buscamos (a) investigar experiências de aprendizagem de PLA mediadas por tecnologias digitais de candidatos ao Programa de Estudantes – Convênio de Graduação (PEC-G) na Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG); (b) identificar as affordances dessas tecnologias para a aprendizagem de PLA; e (c) avaliar os possíveis impactos dessas experiências nas percepções dos aprendizes. Dez estudantes aceitaram participar de entrevista narrativas, que foram gravadas, transcritas e analisadas para identificar unidades significativas e criar categorias com base na regularidade dos dados. A análise revelou que as affordances mais salientes são: usar aplicativos de aprendizagem de línguas; usar aplicativos de tradução; assistir a vídeos e filmes; e interagir via aplicativos de mensagens instantâneas. Os dados indicam como a tecnologia digital contribuiu não apenas para a aprendizagem da língua portuguesa, mas também para a integração dos estudantes nas comunidades local e acadêmica. Além disso, essas experiências demonstram ter impactado a percepção dos aprendizes de diversas maneiras, fazendo com que se sentissem mais apoiados, familiarizados, confortáveis, seguros, autônomos, integrados e proficientes.
Maytenus ilicifolia é uma espécie nativa do Brasil denominada popularmente de espinheira-santa. A planta é muito conhecida e amplamente utilizada por apresentar eficácia de comprovada ação ...farmacológica no tratamento contra úlceras gástricas e gastrites. Há décadas os estudos da ação farmacológica desta espécie têm sido realizados utilizando-se as folhas, parte da planta onde se encontram os princípios ativos. O objetivo deste estudo foi reunir informações e discutir dados da literatura científica, sobre os componentes fitoquímicos e expectativas de melhoramento genético da espécie. Foi realizado uma revisão nas bases de dados Springer-Nature, periódicos da CAPES, PubMed, Scielo e do Google Acadêmico. Os resultados evidenciaram que a ação farmacológica da espinheira-santa está relacionada com a presença de compostos fenólicos e aos friedelan-3-ol e friedelina. A variabilidade genética da espécie está sendo conservada no Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Embrapa Clima Temperado e na Universidade Federal do Paraná. O uso de técnicas de AFLP, RAPD e marcadores izoenzimáticos detectaram grande diversidade genética para a espécie. O empenho aplicado ao melhoramento genético da espécie é pequeno no Brasil, porém, o interesse por conhecer mais o seu potencial medicinal continuará a atrair a atenção de pesquisadores visando sua conservação e obtenção de genes de interesse revertendo em benefícios para toda sociedade.
Palavras-chave: Espinheira-Santa. Fitofármacos. Recursos Genéticos.
Abstract
Maytenus ilicifolia, is a native species of Brazil popularly called espinheira-santa. The plant is well known and widely used to present effectiveness of proven pharmacological action in the treatment against gastric ulcers and gastrites. For decades, studies of the pharmacological action of this species have been carried out using the leaves, part of the plant where the active principles are found. The objective of this study was to gather information and discuss data from the scientific literature on the phytochemical constituents and breeding expectations of the species. A review was conducted in the databases Springer-Nature, CAPES journals, PubMed, Scielo and Google Scholar. The results showed that the pharmacological action of espinheira-santa is related to the presence of phenolic compounds and friedelan-3-ol and friedelin. The genetic variability of the species is being conserved at the Active Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Clima Temperado and at the Federal University of Paraná. The use of AFLP techniques, RAPD isoenzymatic markers detected great genetic diversity for the species. The effort applied to the genetic improvement of the species is small in Brazil, however, the interest in knowing more about its medicinal potential will continue to attract the attention of researchers aiming at its conservation and obtaining genes of interest, reverting to benefits for the whole society.
Keywords: Espinheira-Santa. Phytopharmaceuticals. Genetic Resources.
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to anti-infectives affect especially hospitalized children and contribute to increased morbidity, mortality, length of stay, and costs in healthcare systems.
To assess ...ADRs associated with anti-infective use in Brazilian hospitalized children.
A prospective cohort study was conducted in 5 public hospitals over 6 months. Children aged 0-11 years and 11 months who were hospitalized for more than 48 h and prescribed anti-infectives for over 24 h were included.
A total of 1020 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 152 patients experienced 183 suspected ADRs. Most reactions were related to the gastrointestinal system (65.6%), followed by skin reactions (18.6%). Most reactions were classified as probable causality (58.5%), moderate severity (61.1%), and unavoidable (56.2%). Our findings showed that ADRs were associated with increased length of stay (P < .001), increased length of therapy (P < .015), increased days of therapy (P = .038), and increased number of anti-infectives prescribed per patient (P < .001).
Almost 15% of hospitalized children exposed to anti-infectives presented suspected ADRs. Their occurrence was classified as probable, of moderate severity, and unavoidable. ADRs were significantly influenced by the length of hospital stay and the number of anti-infectives prescribed per patient.
This work presents a study on the behaviour under cyclic loading of reinforced concrete beams strengthened in bending by the addition of concrete and steel on their tension side using expansion bolts ...as shear connectors, denominated here as partial jacketing. The experimental program included tests on six full scale reinforced concrete beams, simply supported, with rectangular cross section 150 mm wide and 400 mm high, span of 4,000 mm and total length of 4,500 mm. All the beams, after receiving two cycles of static loading in order to create a pre-cracking condition, were strengthened in bending by partial jacketing and then subjected to cyclic loading until the completion of 2 × 10
6
cycles or the occurrence of fatigue failure. Following the cyclic loading, the beams that did not fail by fatigue were subjected to a static load up to failure. The main variables were the flexural reinforcement ratio in the beam and in the jacket, the beam–jacket interface condition (smooth or rough) and cyclic load amplitude. On the basis of the obtained test results and the results of previous study of similar beams tested only under static loading, the behaviour of the strengthened beams is discussed and a proposal for their design is given.
O ENSINO DA GEOMETRIA COM ENFOQUE NA ETNOMODELAGEM Adriano Marcos Maia Reges; Aleksandre Saraiva Dantas; Antonio Ronaldo Gomes Garcia ...
Revista Ensino Interdisciplinar,
03/2020, Letnik:
3, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Esse artigo analisa as contribuições da Geometria Espacial na indústria de alimentos, fazendo um paralelo com a produção de doce, feita em escala comercial. Durante a realização das atividades houve ...uma preocupação em relacionar a teoria com as atividades realizadas na fábrica e nos Laboratórios de Ciências, Matemática e Informática. Procuramos enfatizar os conceitos de Etnomatemática e de Modelagem Matemática. A coleta de dados se deu através da observação participante, um questionário de múltipla escolha aplicado junto aos alunos, visitas à fábrica e a realização de uma oficina de construção de maquetes. A partir da análise dos dados, verificamos a importância da valorização dos conhecimentos prévios dos alunos. Foi possível inferir que quando os conteúdos matemáticos surgem de assuntos ligados ao dia-a-dia, despertam maior interesse e há uma melhora significativa na aprendizagem.
The study aimed to investigate, through the literature, the historical evolution and perspectives of the humanization process of care during childbirth. This is a bibliographic research, in which two ...databases were searched, namely: SciELO and LILACS, with national publications in the last 10 years. Fourteen scientific articles were analyzed using articles published in Portuguese as inclusion criteria; full articles and articles published and indexed in the aforementioned databases in the period from 2012 to 2022. As a result, it became evident that the humanization of childbirth is very current and still occurs as a reaction to several procedures performed without indication, requiring efforts to all the subjects involved, seeking to guarantee the woman quality and comprehensive care, which requires from all the actors involved with health care efforts to abolish aggressive behavior. It was concluded that the movement for the humanization of childbirth shows that the issue of birth is also the responsibility of the government and, given the current problems such as those related to the infrastructure weaknesses of the health network in Brazil, it is also configured as a health issue public.
Since World War II, there has been a concern related to the quality standard of industrial production. Adapting to the reality of the health sector, it sought to improve the management of the quality ...of its services, aiming, in addition to satisfying its internal and external customers, the safety of its patients. The objective was to settle how technologies influence the quality management of the health sector today. Thus, this article presents as a methodology a bibliographic research in which a literature review of the last five years was carried out in scientific articles, analyzed in the months of November and December 2021, using the following descriptors: technology, health and quality. As a result, it can be seen that technologies are important allies of management in health services, providing patient safety, systematization, organization and agility in processes, reducing workload and reducing costs for the organization. However, it is essential that managers are attentive to develop training and adherence strategies for professionals responsible for feeding the computerized systems, in order to guarantee the quality of information and the achievement of the intended results.
This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, carried out through a literature review. The aim of the study was to address the use of educational technologies in self-care guidance for ...ostomy patients. As a method, twelve scientific articles were used, published between 2016 and 2021 on scientific websites and platforms. The results showed that an educational technology aimed at guiding people with an ostomy is important due to the changes that occur after the ostomy and that the use of technologies during educational actions is seen as a tool that complements the process of knowledge construction for care and o taking care of oneself, qualifying interventions in health practice with people with stoma and their families. Health professionals play the role of educators and must participate in the process of elaboration, development and evaluation of the need to implement educational technologies with ostomy patients and their families.
