The Coffea arabica HB12 gene (CaHB12), which encodes a transcription factor belonging to the HD-Zip I subfamily, is upregulated under drought, and its constitutive overexpression (35S:CaHB12OX) ...improves the Arabidopsis thaliana tolerance to drought and salinity stresses. Herein, we generated transgenic cotton events constitutively overexpressing the CaHB12 gene, characterized these events based on their increased tolerance to water deficit, and exploited the gene expression level from the CaHB12 network. The segregating events Ev8.29.1, Ev8.90.1, and Ev23.36.1 showed higher photosynthetic yield and higher water use efficiency under severe water deficit and permanent wilting point conditions compared to wild-type plants. Under well-irrigated conditions, these three promising transformed events showed an equivalent level of Abscisic acid (ABA) and decreased Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) accumulation, and a higher putrescine/(spermidine + spermine) ratio in leaf tissues was found in the progenies of at least two transgenic cotton events compared to non-transgenic plants. In addition, genes that are considered as modulated in the A. thaliana 35S:CaHB12OX line were also shown to be modulated in several transgenic cotton events maintained under field capacity conditions. The upregulation of GhPP2C and GhSnRK2 in transgenic cotton events maintained under permanent wilting point conditions suggested that CaHB12 might act enhancing the ABA-dependent pathway. All these data confirmed that CaHB12 overexpression improved the tolerance to water deficit, and the transcriptional modulation of genes related to the ABA signaling pathway or downstream genes might enhance the defense responses to drought. The observed decrease in IAA levels indicates that CaHB12 overexpression can prevent leaf abscission in plants under or after stress. Thus, our findings provide new insights on CaHB12 gene and identify several promising cotton events for conducting field trials on water deficit tolerance and agronomic performance.
•CaHB12 gene overexpression does not affect ABA hormone accumulation.•CaHB12 gene overexpression reduces IAA hormone accumulation in leaves.•CaHB12 gene overexpression increase putrescine/(spermidine + spermine) ratio in leaf tissues.•CaHB12ox transgenic events showed a decrease in the IAA levels indicates that CaHB12 gene overexpression can prevent leaf abscission in plants under water deficit stress.•CaHB12ox transgenic events showed improved tolerance to water deficit.
Pedestrians and cyclists are often referred to as "vulnerable road users," yet most research is focused on fatal crashes. We used fatal and nonfatal crash data to examine risk factors (i.e., ...relationship to an intersection, urbanicity, crash circumstances, and vehicle type) for police-reported pedestrian and cyclist injuries on public roads among children aged 0-9 and aged 10-19. We also compared risk factors among these two age groups with adults aged 20-29 and aged 30-39.
Crash data were obtained for 2016-2020 from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Fatality Analysis Reporting System for fatal crash injuries and Crash Report Sampling System for nonfatal crash injuries. We collected data on victim demographics, roadway, and vehicle- and driver-related factors. Descriptive analyses were conducted between and within pedestrian and cyclist victims.
We analyzed 206,429 pedestrian injuries (36% in children aged 0-19) and 148,828 cyclist injuries (41% in children aged 0-19) from 2016 to 2020. Overall, child pedestrians had lower injury rates than adults, but children aged 10-19 had greater cycling crash rates than adults. Almost half of the pedestrian injuries in children aged 0-9 were "dart-out" injuries (43%). In the majority of the cyclist injuries, children in both age groups failed to yield to vehicles (aged 0-9 = 40% and aged 10-19 = 24%). For children and all ages included in the study, the fatality risk ratio was highest when pedestrians and cyclists were struck by larger vehicles, such as trucks and buses. Further exploration of roadway factors is presented across ages and transportation mode.
Our findings on child, driver, vehicle, and roadway factors related to fatal and nonfatal pedestrian and cyclist injuries may help to tailor prevention efforts for younger and older children.
In this article we attempt to explain the reasons why the literary field is widened from 1955. First, I refer to sociopolitical reasons, factors that generated the so called resistencia Peronista ...against the civil-militar dictatorship in force at that period and that would end in 1969 with the Cordobazo. Second, to the communist international crisis, that followed the death of Joseph Stalin and the emergence of a “revisionism”, that the argentine Oscar Terán studied in deeper as “new left” but ignoring the peronists intellectuals in that process. This generated an opening-up to the popular culture and a transgression of the division high/low for which we counted with different supports, from Walter Benjamin to the Italian Antonio Gramsci. At Buenos Aires University, our master was Jaime Rest and the weekly magazine Marcha, where we used to carefully read the Uruguayan Critic Angel Rama.
En este artículo intento explicar las razones por las que se amplía el campo literario a partir de 1955. En primer lugar, me refiero a razones sociopolíticas, factores que generaron la llamada resistencia peronista contra la dictadura cívico-militar vigente en ese período y que culminaría en 1969 con el Cordobazo. En segundo lugar, a la crisis internacional comunista, que siguió a la muerte de Joseph Stalin y al surgimiento de un "revisionismo", que el argentino Oscar Terán estudió como "nueva izquierda", pero ignorando a los intelectuales peronistas en ese proceso. Esto generó una apertura a la cultura popular y una transgresión de la división alto/bajo para la que contábamos con distintos apoyos, desde Walter Benjamin hasta el italiano Antonio Gramsci. En la Universidad de Buenos Aires, nuestro maestro fue Jaime Rest y el semanario Marcha, donde leíamos atentamente al crítico uruguayo Angel Rama.
•Compared to the country of origin, Recent Latino Immigrants (RLIs) reported a decline in driving upon arrival to Miami/Dade County (MDC).•Nevertheless, RLIs driving rates in MDC were higher than ...previously reported for other locations.•The initial reduction in driving was paralleled by an increase in the use of transit, riding as passengers in private vehicles, and walking.•A year later, driving rates increased (even during the pandemic lockdown), while the use of other transportation modes decreased.•A year after the pandemic lockdown, driving as well as the use of other transportation modes receded.
Introduction: Understanding the transportation needs of immigrants is crucial for the design and promotion of safe, equitable, and sustainable living environments. This study examines the transportation patterns from a sample of Recent Latinx Immigrants (RLIs) upon arrival to Miami/Dade Co (MDC), Florida. Methods: Collected between 2018 and 2021, data came from a longitudinal study examining drinking and driving trajectories among 540 RLIs to MDC. Retrospective pre-immigration data (T0) were obtained simultaneously with the first-year post-immigration data (T1). Follow up surveys were conducted one year later, before (T2-BC) or during a pandemic lockout (T2-DC), and two years later (T3). Descriptive and repeated measures mixed-model regression were used to examine the data. Results: Driving declined from T0 to T1, although remained higher than previously reported for other locations. Not having a valid driver’s license was the main reason for the decline. The initial reduction in driving was paralleled by an increase in the use of transit, riding as passengers in private vehicles, and walking. A year later (T2), as RLIs’ income and access to a driver’s license grew, driving rates increased (even during the pandemic lockdown), while the use of other transportation modes decreased. A year after the pandemic lockdown (T3), driving as well as the use of other transportation modes receded. Reasons for this decline are unclear. Conclusions: RLIs reported elevated driving rates upon their arrival to MDC. The COVID-19 pandemic seems to have altered the RLIs’ transportation patterns, provoking an overall decline in mobility that lasted even after the pandemic lockdown ceased. Practical applications: Transportation planners working on developing safe and equitable transportation systems in MDC should: (1) identify and address barriers to the use of transportation modes other than driving by RLIs; and (2) understand reasons for the broad decline in transportation modes after the pandemic lockdown.
Data availability has forced researchers to examine separately the role of alcohol among drivers who crashed and drivers who did not crash. Such a separation fails to account fully for the transition ...from impaired driving to an alcohol-related crash.
In this study, we analyzed recent data to investigate how traffic-related environments, conditions, and drivers’ demographics shape the likelihood of a driver being either involved in a crash (alcohol impaired or not) or not involved in a crash (alcohol impaired or not). Our data, from a recent case–control study, included a comprehensive sampling of the drivers in nonfatal crashes and a matched set of comparison drivers in two U.S. locations. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to investigate the likelihood that a driver would crash or would not crash, either with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC)=.00 or with a BAC≥.05.
To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine how different driver characteristics and environmental factors simultaneously contribute to alcohol use by crash-involved and non-crash-involved drivers. This effort calls attention to the need for research on the simultaneous roles played by all the factors that may contribute to motor vehicle crashes.
► Analyses of data from a crash-control study. ► A simultaneous look at alcohol and demographics in the transition to a crash. ► Crash risk for sober drivers was largely defined by demographics and SES. ► Males were overrepresented in impaired driving and crashes. ► Females were more likely to be involved in alcohol-free crashes than male drivers.
Brazilian biosafety law and the new breeding technologies NEPOMUCENO, Alexandre Lima; FUGANTI-PAGLIARINI, Renata; FELIPE, Maria Sueli Soares ...
Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering,
2020, Letnik:
7, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Globally, the area of land cultivated with genetically modified (GM) crops has increased a thousand-fold over the last two decades. Although this technology has become important for food production, ...the regulatory frameworks that underpin these outcomes are based on a list of requirements for a risk assessment that differ from country to country. In recent years, policymakers have had the opportunity to learn from the controversies over transgenics to create effective regulatory milestones for emerging technologies, allowing them to reach their potential for a more sustainable agriculture, ensuring food security. In Brazil, Law No. 11.105 of 24 March 2005 established a framework with four main organizations responsible for risk assessment and management. However, most of new breeding technologies did not exist at that time and were not considered in this law. In 2016, Normative Resolution No. 16 of the National Biosafety Technical Commission (CTNBio) was established to address this gap based on the evaluation of the products obtained through these techniques (termed Innovative Precision Improvement Techniques in the resolution), in a case-by-case consultation system. Briefly, if the product is designated to be a GM, the developer will have to go through the biosafety requirements and will be approved only after CTNBio risk assessment. If the product is designated not to be GM (for the purposes of the legislation), then it can be registered using the existing procedures. Currently, 152 GM products are commercially approved in Brazil. In 2018, CTNBio assessed the first consultation on commercial release of plants generated using the new breeding technologies and has subsequently approved six products. It is expected that many institutions would be able to participate in Brazilian and world markets, developing and introducing new biotechnological solutions and products through a more sustainable approach and without facing public disapproval, a common issue for GM crops.
Background
Although Latino immigrants to the United States tend to display a gradual increase in alcohol use after immigration, such escalation may not generalize to all Latino/a groups. This study ...examines patterns of alcohol use shown by recent Latino immigrants (RLIs) to Miami/Dade County (MDC), Florida covering a period from pre‐immigration to the first two years after immigration. Differences in alcohol use prior to and during the COVID‐19 pandemic were also assessed.
Methods
Data came from an on‐going longitudinal study of 540 young adult (50% female) RLIs. Inclusion criteria were age 18 to 34, residing in MDC and having immigrated from a Latin American country within the past year. Respondent‐driven sampling was the primary recruitment strategy.
Results
Recent Latino immigrants reported a decline in alcohol use from before immigration (18.3 drinks per month, d/m) to the first (13.9 d/m), and second years (10.4 d/m before and 12.9 d/m during the pandemic lockdown) in MDC. The decline, which was moderated by RLIs' sex and legal residency status, was halted by the pandemic lockdown. While “to celebrate” was the most often cited reason for drinking, “to forget” was often cited during the lockdown.
Conclusions
The noted decrease in alcohol use since immigration may reflect the unique array of support and resources available to RLIs in MDC. Nevertheless, some RLIs increased their alcohol use over time, particularly during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This disparate impact of the pandemic on alcohol use calls attention to the need to identify the most vulnerable RLIs to MDC and develop targeted interventions for them.
Recent Latino immigrants’ (RLIs) initial two years in Miami/Dade County (FL) were associated with a decrease in alcohol use, although no decrease took place among those interviewed during the pandemic lockdown. “To celebrate” was the most often cited reason for drinking. “To forget” was also often cited during the lockdown. There is a need to understand the long‐term dissimilar impact of the pandemic among RLIs and design targeted interventions to those most vulnerable.
La presente conferencia reúne los saberes y la experiencia de quien ha atravesado su vida académica de modo apasionado con el "compromiso con los márgenes literarios", sus filiaciones y ...discrepancias; o sea, en tensión con el campo intelectual argentino oficial, tanto coetáneo como posterior. El autor rememora su tenaz acercamiento a distintos géneros de la cultura popular: el tango en sí mismo y en su relación con la poesía del 40 y su propia producción poética; los vínculos entre tango y poesía gauchesca y la prolongación de ésta en géneros posteriores como los contrapuntos de los payadores, los poetas letrados criollistas, etc. Hace especial hincapié en poéticas alternativas a las de la de la poesía para ser leída-según su opinión, no consideradas habitualmente en el ámbito de la crítica literaria-, y, en este sentido, pone en valor, además del tango, el seudo folklore, los distintos subgéneros de la canción internacional -rock, rancheras, boleros, cumbia, improvisadores urbanos, cantautores-. Su tesis doctoral del año 2000, que dio origen a un libro fundamental como Revolución en la lectura, de 2004, estudia otro dispositivo poco frecuentado por la crítica, como el surgimiento y auge de las revistas ilustradas rioplatenses. Romano, en clave gramsciana, subraya en su revisión haber legitimado muchos textos considerados "menores" por sus posibilidades de negociación y resistencia frente a las para él prejuiciosas teorías de la "dependencia" que tendían a reducir todo lo que no fuera para ellos legítimo a "subliteratura".
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