Uloga vitamina D u ovaca Ružić, Marko; Shek Vugrovečki, Ana; Špoljarić, Daniel ...
Veterinarska stanica,
2023, Letnik:
54, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Nepotpuna prehrana životinja pa tako i ovaca, može dovesti do narušavanje homeostaze organizma, smanjenja proizvodnje, pojave bolesti pa i do uginuća. Vitamin D označava skupinu usko povezanih tvari ...koje posjeduju antirahitičnu aktivnost. Među vitaminima jedinstven je po tome što je jedini koji se u organizam ne unosi samo hranom (sijeno, a u mesojeda hrana animalnog podrijetla), već se u organizmu (koži) stvara i uz pomoć sunčeve svjetlosti. Uobičajeno je da pašno držane ovce rijetko kad trebaju dodatke vitamina D. To je stoga jer ovce ukoliko su izložene UVB zračenju, odnosno sunčevoj svjetlosti mogu nadoknaditi manjak vitamina D u hrani sintezom vitamina D unutar kože. No, ukoliko je izloženost ovaca suncu smanjena dugotrajnom naoblakom ili uzgojem u zatvorenom te kada je sadržaj vitamina D2 u hrani nizak, tada unesena količina vitamina D može biti nedostatna. U janjadi se deficit vitamina D očituje pojavom rahitisa, a u odraslih ovaca pojavom osteomalacije te hipokalcemije. U ovaca se obično javlja u kasnom graviditetu, ali je zabilježena i u životinja različite dobi. Slijedom svega navedenoga cilj je ovoga preglednoga rada je upoznati doktore veterinarske medicine s novim saznanjima o ulogama i metabolizmu vitamina D u ovaca te njegovom značenju za zdravlje i održavanje proizvodnih sposobnosti jedinke, odnosno stada.
As natural gas reserves are generally decreasing there is a need to successfully characterize potential research objects using geophysical data. Presented is a study of amplitude vs. offset, ...attribute and artificial neural network analysis on a research area of a small gas field with one well with commercial accumulations and two wells with only gas shows. The purpose of the research is to aid in future well planning and to distinguish the geophysical data in dry well areas with those from an economically viable well. The amplitude vs. offset analysis shows the lack of anomaly in the wells with only gas shows while the anomaly is present in the economically viable well. The artificial neural network analysis did not aid in the process of distinguishing the possible gas accumulation but it can point out the sedimentological and structural elements within the seismic volume.
The dairy sector is essential for the world's food systems, playing a vital role in agricultural production. Yet, mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland, affects a considerable portion of the ...dairy cow population annually, leading to reduced productivity and sustainability. Insight into therapeutic protocols is essential for a better understanding of the situation on farms with the aim of developing new or harmonizing existing protocols in the mastitis treatment. This study conducted on dairy farm in Serbia aimed to explore the most commonly used antibiotics during bovine mastitis treatment and their association with daily milk yield. Data from 100 lactating cows, including therapeutic protocols, lactation numbers, mastitis episodes, milk yield, and antibiotic usage, were obtained from a computerized database and statistically analysed. The results demonstrated a high prevalence of narrow‐spectrum antibiotics usage, with the majority of cows treated with combination therapy. The route of antibiotic application did not significantly impact daily milk yield, while treatment duration had no discernible effect. Nonetheless, specific antibiotics were associated with milk yield variations, suggesting the need for careful antibiotic selection and management in mastitis therapy. These findings emphasize the importance of prudent antibiotic use to safeguard animal health and long‐term milk production sustainability.
Up in the Air? Jusić, Tarik; Puppis, Manuel; Castro Herrero, Laia
06/2021
eBook
The agenda for transition after the demise of communism in the Western Balkans made the conversion of state radio and television into public service broadcasters a priority, converting mouthpieces of ...the regime into public forums in which various interests and standpoints could be shared and deliberated. There is general agreement that this endeavor has not been a success. Formally, the countries adopted the legal and institutional requirements of public service media according to European standards. The ruling political elites, however, retained their control over the public media by various means. Can this trend be reversed? Instead of being marginalized or totally manipulated, can public service media become vehicles of genuine democratization? A comparison of public media services in seven countries (Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia) addresses these important questions.
Second-generation triazoles were developed in response to the quest for more efficacious and safer therapeutic options for the treatment of severe systemic aspergillosis and candidiasis. These agents ...include voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole, and ravuconazole. The aim of this review was to present and compare the pharmacokinetic characteristics of second-generation triazoles for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and candidiasis, emphasizing their clinical implications. The MEDLINE, Scopus, EBSCO, Google Scholar, and SCIndeks databases were searched using advanced search options, including the names of second-generation triazoles and pharmacokinetic terms as keywords. The intravenous administration of voriconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazole results in stable pharmacokinetics of these drugs, with mostly predictable variations influenced by common and usually known factors in routine clinical settings. The high oral bioavailability of isavuconazole and, to some extent, voriconazole makes them suitable for intravenous-to-oral switch strategies. Except for intravenous voriconazole (due to the accumulation of the toxic vehicle hydroxypropyl betadex), dose reduction of second-generation triazoles is not needed in patients with renal failure; patients with hepatic insufficiency require dose reduction only in advanced disease stages. The introduction of therapeutic drug monitoring could aid attempts to optimize the blood concentrations of triazoles and other drugs that are known to or that possibly interact, thus increasing treatment efficacy and safety. There is a need for new studies that are designed to provide useful data on second-generation triazole pharmacokinetics, particularly in special circumstances such as central nervous system and ocular infections, infections in newborns and infants, and in subjects with genetic polymorphisms of metabolizing enzymes.
The main subject of the research is the assessment of the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of veterinarians regarding the use of antibiotics (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through a ...questionnaire conducted among veterinarians in the northern region of Serbia. A total of 62 respondents completed the questionnaire, which represents a response rate of 44.3%. Male veterinarians are less likely to be in the group of veterinarians with insufficient knowledge (p < 0.05). Veterinarians engaged in mixed practice (small and large animals) (p < 0.001) and veterinarians who have over 100 patients per month (p < 0.005) are also less likely to be in the group with insufficient knowledge of antimicrobial resistance. The proportion of those with insufficient knowledge is growing among veterinarians whose source is the Internet (p < 0.01), while the proportion of those with insufficient knowledge about antimicrobial resistance is declining among veterinarians whose source of information is continuous education (p < 0.05). The majority of the respondents (n = 59, 95.2%) completely agreed that AMR is a very big issue in the global health sector right now. Unfortunately, there are crucial gaps in the knowledge and attitudes of the surveyed participants. They do not appear to be aware of the importance of AMU in veterinary medicine and its influence on overall AMR, or the crucial part that non-prescribed antibiotics have in all of it. Positively, many veterinarians use good practice AMU guidelines in their everyday practice and in line with the global trend of AMU reduction, respondents have also decreased their AMU compared to the previous year.
COVID‐19 vaccines prevent severe forms of the disease, but do not warrant complete protection against breakthrough infections. This could be due to suboptimal mucosal immunity at the site of virus ...entry, given that all currently approved vaccines are administered via the intramuscular route. In this study, we assessed humoral and cellular immune responses in BALB/c mice after intranasal and intramuscular immunization with adenoviral vector ChAdOx1‐S expressing full‐length Spike protein of SARS‐CoV‐2. We showed that both routes of vaccination induced a potent IgG antibody response, as well as robust neutralizing capacity, but intranasal vaccination elicited a superior IgA antibody titer in the sera and in the respiratory mucosa. Bronchoalveolar lavage from intranasally immunized mice efficiently neutralized SARS‐CoV‐2, which has not been the case in intramuscularly immunized group. Moreover, substantially higher percentages of epitope‐specific CD8 T cells exhibiting a tissue resident phenotype were found in the lungs of intranasally immunized animals. Finally, both intranasal and intramuscular vaccination with ChAdOx1‐S efficiently protected the mice after the challenge with recombinant herpesvirus expressing the Spike protein. Our results demonstrate that intranasal application of adenoviral vector ChAdOx1‐S induces superior mucosal immunity and therefore could be a promising strategy for putting the COVID‐19 pandemic under control.
Intranasal immunization of mice with adenoviral vector ChAdOx1‐S is superior compared to intramuscular immunization in the induction of systemic and mucosal anti‐S IgA response and lung‐resident CD8 TRM. Both routes elicit systemic anti‐S IgG response and SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific cellular response and provide efficient protection of mice after challenge with MCMV‐S. Figure was created with Biorender.
The administration of chemotherapy positively correlates with diverse adverse drug reactions, including the significant impact of hematological hazards such as anemia, leukopenia-neutropenia, ...thrombocytopenia, and pancytopenia. This pilot pharmacoeconomic study aimed to estimate the total direct costs of treating hematological toxicity induced by chemotherapy and its main determinants.
The study was conducted as a retrospective cost of illness study using the "from bottom to the top" approach from the perspective of the Republic Health Insurance Fund. This study included 88 patients treated due to developing at least one episode of one of the types of hematological complications of cytostatics in 2018 at the Oncology Clinic of the University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, the Republic of Serbia.
Among cancer patients who developed haematological toxicity, treating pancytopenia was most demanding in a pharmacoeconomic manner compared to neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, with an estimated value of direct costs of 264,14, 178,19 and 157,76 euros per patient per year respectively. Regarding total direct costs, the main determinants were the costs of drugs, their parenteral administration, and costs due to hospitalization.
Due to the rising cancer incidence and obligatory hospital treatment of hematological toxicity induced by chemotherapy, the identification of the pharmacoeconomic aspects of the treatment of these complications is needed. Future research should focus on the development of new modalities of treatment regarding patient characteristics anticipating high costs.
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