To investigate risk factors related to HIV infection and the prevalence of selected infections, especially sexually transmitted infections (STI) among men who have sex with men (MSM).
A ...cross-sectional study including questionnaire and blood sample collection.
Between January 2005 and December 2006, 753 MSM were recruited through the voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) clinic at the Chaoyang District Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Beijing. Sera samples were collected and tested for HIV, syphilis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Toxoplasma gondii, and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Statistical analyses were performed to identify factors related to HIV and STI, as well as other co-infections.
The prevalence of HIV-1 infection among MSM attending the VCT clinic was 2.1%. Among all MSM, 7.0% had syphilis, 5.6% Chlamydia, 4.4% U. urealyticum, 2.5% T. gondii and 0.8% HCV (13.8% had one or more). Among HIV-negative MSM, 13.3% had one of these infections, whereas among HIV-positive MSM, 93.8% had serological evidence of one or more co-infections (P < 0.0001). Individuals with HIV infection were significantly more likely to have had more male sex partners or to report frequent receptive anal sex in the past 6 months.
Serological evidence of infection with any of five STI or HIV-relevant conditions was far higher in HIV-infected than HIV-uninfected MSM. Co-infection in HIV-positive men was most frequent with syphilis. Our data suggest that strategies for HIV/AIDS and STI prevention and control among MSM should be synchronized.
Using a data sample with a total integrated luminosity of 10.0 pb−1 collected at center-of-mass energies of 2.6, 3.07 and 3.65 GeV with BESII, cross sections for e+e− annihilation into hadronic final ...states (R values) are measured with statistical errors that are smaller than 1%, and systematic errors that are about 3.5%. The running strong interaction coupling constants αs(3)(s) and αs(5)(MZ2) are determined from the R values.
This study aimed to compare the effects of inorganic and organic manganese (Mn) supplementation on productive performance, egg quality, tibial characteristics, serum biochemical indices, and Mn ...excretion in laying ducks. A total of 756 Longyan laying ducks (45 wk) were randomly assigned to 9 treatments, each with 6 replicates of 14 ducks. Ducks were fed a basal diet (30.6 mg Mn/kg) or that basal diet supplemented with 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg Mn using inorganic (added as MnSO4·H2O) or organic (Mn-methionine; 8% Mn, 76% methionine) for 20 wks. Supplementation with inorganic Mn increased egg production and mass, and decreased FCR after 10 wk of feeding, and there were quadratic responses between them, and improved performance was observed with 40 mg/kg supplementation (P < 0.05). Supplementing with organic Mn, however, only increased egg production during wk 6–10 (P < 0.05), but FCR decreased linearly (P < 0.05, wk 16–20) with supplemental levels. Egg production and mass were higher with the addition of inorganic than organic Mn during wk 11–15 (P < 0.05). At wk 10, supplemental inorganic or organic Mn increased egg albumen height and Haugh unit, and with quadratic responses, and higher values were obtained with 40 mg/kg inorganic Mn supplementation (P < 0.05). Ducks supplemented with organic Mn had higher eggshell fracture toughness than that of ducks fed the basal diet or those containing inorganic Mn, and organic Mn linearly increased shell breaking strength at wk 10 (P < 0.05). Supplemental inorganic or organic Mn both increased mineral density and content, fresh and fat-free dry weight, length, calcium and Mn content of the tibias (P < 0.05), and mineral density, calcium and Mn content of tibias were higher in the ducks given organic than inorganic Mn (P < 0.05), and their values were higher with the supplementation of 80 mg/kg inorganic Mn and 20 mg/kg organic Mn (P < 0.05). Supplementation with Mn increased Mn excretion and with linear and quadratic effects, and excretion was lower with organic than inorganic Mn (P < 0.05). Overall, supplementation with inorganic Mn increased productive performance, but the benefits of organic Mn were less obvious. Both inorganic and organic Mn increased tibial characteristics and Mn excretion, with organic Mn being more effective or lower excretion. Taken together, it can be suggested that 40 ~80 mg/kg Mn from an inorganic source or 20 mg/kg Mn from an organic source would be appropriate when laying ducks were fed a typical corn-soybean meal diet (with 30.6 mg/kg basal Mn) during the laying period (45–64 wk of age).
•The effect of inorganic and organic Mn supplementation (20-160 mg/kg) in laying duck diet were determined in a 20-wk feeding trial.•Inorganic Mn increased egg production and mass, and decreased FCR, especially at the supplemental level of 40 mg/kg.•Inorganic and organic Mn quadratically increased tibial characteristics and fecal Mn excretion, and organic Mn being more effective.•The 40 ~ 80 mg/kg Mn (inorganic) or 20 mg/kg Mn (organic) would be appropriate for laying ducks (45–64 wk) with 30.6 mg/kg basal Mn.
Increase in the number of opioid-dependent pregnant women delivering babies at risk for neonatal abstinence syndrome prompted a US Government Accountability Office report documenting deficits in ...research and provider knowledge about care of the maternal/fetal unit and the neonate. There are 3 general sources of dependence: untreated opioid use disorder, pain management, and medication-assisted treatment with methadone or buprenorphine. A survey of methadone patients’ experiences when telling a physician of their pregnancy and opioid dependence demonstrated physician confusion about proper care, frequent negative interactions with the mother, and failures to provide appropriate referral. Patients in pain management were discharged without referral when the physician was told of the pregnancy. Methadone and buprenorphine were frequently seen negatively because they “caused” neonatal abstinence syndrome. Most mothers surveyed had to find opioid treatment on their own. How dependence is managed medically is a critical determinant of the level of stress on both mother and fetus, and therefore another determinant of neonatal health. The effects of both opioid withdrawal stress and maternal emotional stress on neonatal and developmental outcomes are reviewed. Currently, there have been efforts to criminalize maternal opioid dependence and to encourage or coerce pregnant women to undergo withdrawal. This practice poses both acute risks of fetal hypoxia and long-term risks of adverse epigenetic programming related to catecholamine and corticosteroid surges during withdrawal. Contemporary studies of the effects of withdrawal stress on the developing fetal brain are urgently needed to elucidate and quantify the risks of such practices. At birth, inconsistencies in the hospital management of neonates at risk for neonatal abstinence syndrome have been observed. Neglect of the critical role of maternal comforting in neonatal abstinence syndrome management is an iatrogenic and preventable cause of poor outcomes and long hospitalizations. Rooming-in allows for continuous care of the baby and maternal/neonatal attachment, often unwittingly disrupted by the neonatal intensive care unit environment. Recommendations are made for further research into physician/patient interactions and into optimal dosing of methadone and buprenorphine to minimize maternal/fetal withdrawal.
The longitudinal spin transfer DLL to Λ and Λ hyperons produced in high-energy polarized proton-proton collisions is expected to be sensitive to the helicity distribution functions of strange quarks ...and antiquarks of the proton, and to longitudinally polarized fragmentation functions. We report an improved measurement of DLL from data obtained at a center-of-mass energy of √s = 200 GeV with the STAR detector at RHIC. The data have an approximately twelve times larger figure of merit than prior results and cover |η| < 1.2 in pseudorapidity with transverse momenta pT up to 6 GeV / c. In the forward scattering hemisphere at largest pT, the longitudinal spin transfer is found to be DLL = −0.036 ± 0.048 (stat) ± 0.013 (sys) for Λ hyperons and DLL = 0.032 ± 0.043 (stat) ± 0.013 ( sys ) for Λ antihyperons. The dependences on η and pT are presented and compared with model evaluations.
The Shelf Circulation of the Bellingshausen Sea Schulze Chretien, L. M.; Thompson, A. F.; Flexas, M. M. ...
Journal of geophysical research. Oceans,
20/May , Letnik:
126, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Over recent decades, the West Antarctic Ice Sheet has experienced rapid thinning of its floating ice shelves as well as grounding line retreat across its marine‐terminating glaciers. The transport of ...warm Modified Circumpolar Deep Water (MCDW) onto the continental shelf, extensively documented along the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), and in the Amundsen Sea, has been identified as the key process for inducing these changes. The Bellingshausen Sea sits between the Amundsen Sea and the northern part of the WAP, but its oceanic properties remain remarkably under‐studied compared to surrounding regions. Here, we present observations collected from a hydrographic survey of the Bellingshausen Sea continental shelf in austral summer 2019. Using a combination of ship‐based and glider‐based CTD and lowered ADCP observations, we show that submarine troughs provide topographically steered pathways for MCDW from the shelf break toward deep embayments and ultimately under floating ice shelves. Warm MCDW enters the continental shelf at the deepest part of the Belgica Trough and flows onshore along the eastern side of the trough. Modification of these shoreward‐flowing waters by glacial melt is estimated by calculating meltwater fractions using an optimal multiparameter analysis. Meltwater is found to be elevated at the western edge of both the Latady and Belgica troughs. Meltwater distributions, consistent with other diagnostics, suggest a recirculation in each trough with modified waters eventually flowing westward upon leaving the Belgica Trough. Our results show that the Bellingshausen Sea is a critical part of the larger West Antarctic circulation system, linking the WAP and the Amundsen Sea.
Plain Language Summary
Over the past decades large changes in the volume of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet have been observed. This has been attributed to a warm water mass, the Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW). This water has been observed along the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) and in the Amundsen Sea. The Bellingshausen Sea, located between the WAP and the Amundsen Sea, has exhibited similar rates of ice shelf thinning, yet remains remarkably under‐studied compared to regions to the east and west. We present observations of the Bellingshausen Sea from early 2019. A combination of temperature and velocity data are used to show that submarine troughs provide pathways for the warm water from offshore to reach the ice sheets. This takes place at the deepest part of the Belgica Trough and along the eastern side of the Latady trough with a recirculation of this now slightly cooler water between the two troughs. The water originating from the ice sheets leaves the Bellingshausen Sea along the western side of the Belgica Trough before flowing west toward the Amundsen Sea. Our results show that this region is a critical part of the West Antarctic circulation system, linking the WAP and the Amundsen Sea.
Key Points
Warm Modified Circumpolar Deep Water flows toward the Bellingshausen Sea coast along the eastern edge of Belgica and Latady troughs
Waters with elevated meltwater concentrations flow away from the coast along the western sides of the two troughs
Estimates of heat and volume transports are comparable to other shelf seas in West Antarctica
To clarify the phenotypes of the newborns with
single-allele mutation in deafness genetic screening and second variant; to analyze the
genotype and hearing phenotype.
850 newborns born in Beijing ...from April 2015 to December 2019 were included and there were 468 males and 382 females. They received genetic deafness screening for 9 or 15 variants, with the result of
single-allele mutation. Firstly, three step deafness gene sequencing was adopted in this work, i.e., the first step was "
gene whole exons and splice sites" sequencing; the second step was "
gene promoter,
gene and
gene whole exons" sequencing; and the third step was detection for "
gene copy number variation". Secondly, we collected the results of newborn hearing screening for all patients with the second mutation found in the three step test, and conducted audiological examinations, such as acoustic immittance, auditory brainstem response and auditory steady state response. Thirdly, for novel/VUS mutations, we searched the international deafness g
The perovskite γ-NiFe2N with the face centered cubic symmetry, rather than the hexagonal symmetric ɛ-NiFe2N in previous report, was synthesized based on the route from NiFe2O4 to NiFe2 and finally to ...γ-NiFe2N. γ-NiFe2N presents the enhanced magnetization (a), magnetostriction (b) and resistivity (d); it exhibits the negative thermal expansion in two temperature windows below 60K and between 235K and 305K (c). Furthermore, γ-NiFe2N has the better corrosion resistance in the sodium chloride aqueous solution than NiFe2, as shown in the SEM images (e) and (f). The unique properties and low-cost of γ-NiFe2N may find applications somewhere.▪
•The perovskite γ-NiFe2N, instead of ɛ-NiFe2N in previous reports, was synthesized.•γ-NiFe2N has better thermal stability than ɛ-NiFe2N.•γ-NiFe2N presents improved magnetostriction, resistivity and corrosion resistance.•The unique properties and low-cost of γ-NiFe2N may find applications somewhere.•We revealed the correlation between structure and magnetic/thermal/electronic properties.
γ-NiFe2N with the face centered cubic symmetry, rather than the hexagonal symmetric ɛ-NiFe2N in previous reports, was synthesized by treating NiFe2 alloy in an ammonia atmosphere. Compared with the NiFe2 sample, the γ-NiFe2N exhibited the strong ferromagnetism, giant magnetostriction, high resistivity and good corrosion resistance. The unique properties of γ-NiFe2N expand its applications. Besides, as a magnetostriction material, γ-NiFe2N does not contain any resource-critical rare-earth elements and it is over ten times lower cost than the rare-earth doped Galfenol or Terfenol-D alloys because Ga, Tb or Dy is very expensive.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the selenium (Se) requirement of egg-laying ducks based on daily egg production and the selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase (Gpx). Five-hundred and forty ...laying ducks were divided into six treatments, each containing six replicates of 15 ducks. The birds were caged individually and received a Se-deficient basal diet (0.04 mg/kg) or diets supplemented with 0.08, 0.16, 0.24, 0.32, 0.40 mg/kg Se (as sodium selenite) for 6 months. The experiment consisted of two periods: an early-laying period of 2 months and the peak-laying period of 4 months. Egg production and feed intake were recorded daily. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were drawn for determination of Gpx activity in plasma (Gpx3) and in erythrocytes (Gpx1). Hepatic Gpx1 activity and relative expression of Gpx1 mRNA were also determined. Eggs (n = 6) were sampled for quality determination and Se content at the end of the experiment. The activities of plasma Gpx3, erythrocyte Gpx1 and liver Gpx1 increased in a quadratic manner (P < 0.001) with increasing supplemental Se. The mRNA abundance of hepatic Gpx1 increased linearly (P < 0.001) with dietary Se supplementation. Egg shell thickness was significantly reduced in the ducks fed 0.44 mg Se/kg (P < 0.05), indicating that higher dietary Se tends to compromise egg shell quality. Yolk and albumen contents of Se increased linearly (P < 0.0001) with dietary Se supplementation. Using quadratic broken line models, the Se requirement for daily egg production was 0.18 mg/kg for early-laying ducks and 0.24 mg/kg for peak-laying ducks; for optimal function of Gpx (peak-laying ducks), it was 0.37 mg Se/kg.
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