The present study assessed the effects of ethanol exposure during adolescence or adulthood. We exposed Wistar rats, males or females, to self-administered 8-10% (v/v) ethanol (BINGE group) during the ...first 2 h of the dark cycle, three times a week (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) during postnatal days (PDs) 32-54 or 72-94 (adolescent and adults, respectively). During this period, controls were only handled, and a third (IP) condition was given ethanol intraperitoneal administrations, three times a week (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday), at doses that matched those self-administered by the BINGE group. The rats were tested for ethanol intake and preference in a two-bottle (24 h long) choice test, shortly before (PD 30 or 70) and shortly after (PD 56 or 96) exposure to the binge or intraperitoneal protocol; and then tested for free-choice drinking during late adulthood (PDs 120-139) in intermittent two-bottle intake tests. Binge drinking was significantly greater in adolescents vs. adults, and was blocked by naloxone (5.0 mg/kg) administered immediately before the binge session. Mean blood ethanol levels (mg/dl) at termination of binge session 3 were 60.82 ± 22.39. Ethanol exposure at adolescence, but not at adulthood, significantly reduced exploration of an open field-like chamber and significantly increased shelter-seeking behavior in the multivariate concentric square field. The rats that had been initially exposed to ethanol at adolescence drank, during the intake tests conducted at adulthood, significantly more than those that had their first experience with ethanol at adulthood, an effect that was similar among BINGE, IP and control groups. The study indicates that binge ethanol drinking is greater in adolescent that in adults and is associated with heightened ethanol intake at adulthood. Preventing alcohol access to adolescents should reduce the likelihood of problematic alcohol use or alcohol-related consequences.
Objetivo: Conocer el comportamiento epidemiológico y asociaciones de la FA en población mexicana. Material y métodos: Analizamos 8,686 pacientes de 38 cardiólogos inscritos en REMECAR, divididos por ...edad y sexo. Comorbilidades estudiadas: obesidad, ERC, HTA, DM, dislipidemia, EVC, EPOC, hipotiroidismo, IC y CI. Programa: IBM SPSS. Resultados: FA en 498 pacientes (5.7%), mayor prevalencia en hombres (6.1 vs. 5.3%), mayor edad en mujeres (74.3 ± 12.1 vs. 70.5 ± 12.3 años, p < 0.0001). En mujeres menores de 60 años la FA se asoció con IC (p = 0.041), en hombres con ERC (p = 0.43), DM (p = 0.009), EVC (p = 0.001), hipotiroidismo (p = 0.001) e IC (p = 0.001). En mujeres mayores de 60 años se asoció con ERC (p = 0.001), dislipidemia (p = 0.001), EVC (p = 0.001), EPOC (p = 0.001) e IC (p = 0.001), en hombres con ERC (p = 0.002), EVC (p = 0.001), EPOC (p = 0.002), hipotiroidismo (p = 0.002), IC (p = 0.001) y CI (p = 0.033). En mujeres la FA se asoció con 1.13 veces mayor probabilidad de obesidad, 1.13 de HTA, 2.8 de ERC, 2.9 de EPOC, 4.3 de EVC y 6.5 de IC, en hombres la FA se asoció con 1.05 veces mas probabilidad de HTA, 1.4 de DM, 2.1 de ERC, 2.4 de EPOC, 3 de hipotiroidismo, 4.7 de EVC y 6 de IC. Conclusiones: La FA es una arritmia muy frecuente, con mayor prevalencia en pacientes que acuden a consulta de cardiología, en hombres y mayor edad de presentación en las mujeres. A mayor edad, mayor prevalencia de FA y de comorbilidades, la IC es la condición más frecuente con la que se asoció la FA.
For the aerobic biodegradation of the fungicide and defoliant 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), a bench-scale packed-bed bioreactor equipped with a net draft tube riser for liquid circulation and ...oxygenation (PB-ALR) was constructed. To obtain a high packed-bed volume relative to the whole bioreactor volume, a high
A
D/
A
R ratio was used. Reactor's downcomer was packed with a porous support of volcanic stone fragments. PB-ALR hydrodynamics and oxygen mass transfer behavior was evaluated and compared to the observed behavior of the unpacked reactor operating as an internal airlift reactor (ALR). Overall gas holdup values
ɛ
G, and zonal oxygen mass transfer coefficients determined at various airflow rates in the PB-ALR, were higher than those obtained with the ALR. When comparing mixing time values obtained in both cases, a slight increment in mixing time was observed when reactor was operated as a PB-ALR.
By using a mixed microbial community, the biofilm reactor was used to evaluate the aerobic biodegradation of 2,4,6-TCP. Three bacterial strains identified as
Burkholderia sp.,
Burkholderia kururiensis and
Stenotrophomonas sp. constituted the microbial consortium able to cometabolically degrade the 2,4,6-TCP, using phenol as primary substrate. This consortium removed 100% of phenol and near 99% of 2,4,6-TCP. Mineralization and dehalogenation of 2,4,6-TCP was evidenced by high COD removal efficiencies (≈95%), and by the stoichiometric release of chloride ions from the halogenated compound (≈80%). Finally, it was observed that the microbial consortium was also capable to metabolize 2,4,6-TCP without phenol as primary substrate, with high removal efficiencies (near 100% for 2,4,6-TCP, 92% for COD and 88% for chloride ions).
Objective: To determine reference values for body mass index (BMI), sum of six skinfolds (6 skinfolds) and body fat percentage (BF%) in Spanish adolescents aged 13-18 years, included in the AVENA ...Study (Alimentación y Valoración del Estado Nutricional en Adolescentes: Food and Assessment of the Nutritional Status of Adolescents). Design: Multicentre cross-sectional study. Setting: Representative sample of Spanish adolescents. Subjects: The population was selected by means of a multiplestep, simple random sampling. The final number of subjects included in the AVENA Study was 2859 adolescents; 2160 adolescents had a complete set of anthropometric measurements and were then included in this study (1109 males and 1051 females). Interventions: Weight, height and six skinfold thicknesses were measured. As indices of total adiposity, we calculated BMI, sum 6 skinfolds and BF% with the formulas described by Slaughter et al. Results: sum 6 skinfolds and BF% in each age group were significantly higher in females than in males. In males, age showed a significant effect for BMI, sum 6 skinfolds and BF%; however, in females, the effect was only significant for BF%. The percentile distribution was more disperse towards higher sum 6 skinfolds and BF% values in males when compared with females. Conclusions: The presented percentile values will help us to classify adolescents in comparison with a well-established reference population, and to estimate the proportion of adolescents with high or low adiposity amounts. Sponsorship: The AVENA-Study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Health (FIS 00/0015), and grants from Panrico SA, Madaus SA and Procter and Gamble SA. This study was also supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spain), RCESP (C03/09) and Spanish Ministry of Education (AP2003-2128).
This project analyses the optimal parameters for the shrimp farming, trying to help the aquaculture of Ecuador, using a cyberphysical system, which includes temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, ...and pH sensors to monitor the water conditions and an embedded system to control it using an XBee andATMega328p microcontrollers to remotely activate and deactivate aerators to maintain the quality of each pool in neat conditions.
The determination of the energy consumption trend of a wine-producing company pilot is presented. The analysis of the energy trend is important because, concerning the Energy Efficiency Indicators ...and Significant Energy Use, it is possible to propose innovation for processes and organizational structure in the company based on a customized Energy Management System framework. As a result, the trend and its seasonality are determined, which allows determining the relationship between the productivity of the company and energy consumption (e.g. kWh/kg of grapes processed/year). Thus, an energy consumption reduction of up to 17% is proposed, which is equivalent to a Greenhouse Gas Emissions reduction of up to ≈2 ton-CO2/year.
Gold salts and complexes are superior catalysts than other homo- and heterogeneous Brønsted and Lewis acids for obtaining valuable acetals from glycerol.
The valorization of pure glycerol and ...glycerol in water has been achieved by reaction with aldehydes to form valuable acetals. While soluble PTSA is more active than solid Brønsted acids such as zeolites and resins when reacting with pure glycerol, the synthesis of a hydrophobic zeolite with the adequate ratio of polarity/acidity leads to a better catalyst when reacting with glycerol–water mixtures. Best results (up to 94% yield) were obtained with gold as Lewis acid catalysts under very mild reaction conditions. The preparation of a recoverable and reusable gold catalyst allows to achieve high turnover numbers.
Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects more than 350 million people worldwide, and there is currently no laboratory test to diagnose it. This pilot study aimed to identify potential biomarkers in ...peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from MDD patients. We used tandem mass tagging coupled to synchronous precursor selection (mass spectrometry) to obtain the differential proteomic profile from a pool of PBMCs from MDD patients and healthy subjects, and quantitative PCR to assess gene expression of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of our interest. We identified 247 proteins, of which 133 had a fold change greater than or equal to 2.0 compared to healthy volunteers. Using pathway enrichment analysis, we found that some processes, such as platelet degranulation, coagulation, and the inflammatory response, are perturbed in MDD patients. The gene-disease association analysis showed that molecular alterations in PBMCs from MDD patients are associated with cerebral ischemia, vascular disease, thrombosis, acute coronary syndrome, and myocardial ischemia, in addition to other conditions such as inflammation and diabetic retinopathy. We confirmed by qRT-PCR that S100A8 is upregulated in PBMCs from MDD patients and thus could be an emerging biomarker of this disorder. This report lays the groundwork for future studies in a broader and more diverse population and contributes to a deeper characterization of MDD.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common progressive and disabling neurological condition affecting young adults in the world today. From a genetic point of view, MS is a complex disorder resulting ...from the combination of genetic and non-genetic factors. We aimed to identify previously unidentified loci conducting a new GWAS of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in a sample of 296 MS cases and 801 controls from the Spanish population. Meta-analysis of our data in combination with previous GWAS was done. A total of 17 GWAS-significant SNPs, corresponding to three different loci were identified:HLA, IL2RA, and 5p13.1. All three have been previously reported as GWAS-significant. We confirmed our observation in 5p13.1 for rs9292777 using two additional independent Spanish samples to make a total of 4912 MS cases and 7498 controls (ORpooled = 0.84; 95%CI: 0.80-0.89; p = 1.36 × 10-9). This SNP differs from the one reported within this locus in a recent GWAS. Although it is unclear whether both signals are tapping the same genetic association, it seems clear that this locus plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MS.
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