Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a group of non-progressive brain disorders causing movement, posture, and motor function impairments. Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) affects visual pathways, affecting ...clarity of vision, visual fields, and occulomotor incoordination. Symptoms vary in nature and severity due to the complexity of the visual cortex. Physiotherapy (PT) is essential for treating CP, promoting physical, mental, and social well-being. Physical therapists also teach parents, how to care for their children at home, including feeding, bathing, dressing, and other activities. CVI is often linked to CP and can lead to various visual problems, including reduced visual guidance of movement. To effectively manage this condition, a multidisciplinary approach is required, as children with CVI often have neurological deficits in addition to their visual problems. Visual function assessment involves measuring thresholds or limits for each eye, while functional vision assessment is conducted in the child’s environment with both eyes open. Levels of vision can be classified into light perception, intermittent fixation, reliable focus, constant attention to small objects, and reliable visual acuity. Children with Visual Difficulties (CVI) exhibit distinct visual behaviours and require proper training. Sensory room training improves gross and fine motor abilities, and early intervention reduces issues associated with these diseases. Physical therapy interventions are very important for this population’s health and wellness, which can be focused on acquiring and improving independence in motor abilities, visual function, coordination, balance and general health improvement. Children with CVI are at danger of developing neurological dysfunction. An early intervention and adequate training for young CP children with CVI can improve motor abilities and reduce issues associated with these diseases. The following review will help to understand briefly about visual impairments in patients with CP, mainly focusing on new therapeutic interventions following visual impairments that are effective and easily administered.
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a unique type of long-term renal disease in which there is an indurated invasion of the glomerulus in particular segments picturized in the renal biopsy ...that terminates into an end-stage kidney dysfunction. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is difficult diagnose fungal infection, as well as due to its rapid progression can lead to disseminated disease and death within weeks This case outlines the effect of physiotherapy rehabilitation in a case of FSGS with IPA in a 56-year-old man who presented with complaints of breathlessness, cough with expectoration and abdominal pain. Following investigations such as High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) scan, the patient was diagnosed with IPA for which he was kept under observation following which supervised Physiotherapy Intervention (PI) commenced. The outcome measure was Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR), whereas the intervention involved Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercises (DBEs), Breath Stacking Technique (BS), Incentive Spirometry (IS), Range of Motion (ROM) exercises, Active Cycle of Breathing Technique (ACBT), Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) and ambulation. After two weeks of treatment, there was an improvement in cough frequency, an appreciable change in vital capacity (VC) and a significant increase in PEFR values
