The object of this study was to investigate the effects of combined oral contraceptives on pituitary-ovarian function during the menstrual cycle of lactating women whose prolactin levels were usually ...elevated. Five of six lactating women studied were considered to have the normal menstrual cycle which was comparable to the presumptive ovulatory cycle of non-puerperal women. The patterns of serum LH and FSH as well as estradiol and progesterone during the menstrual cycle of lactating women were quantitatively and qualitatively, similar to those of non-puerperal women. Prolactin levels, however, were elevated throughout the cycle of lactating women as compared with those of non-puerperal women. Treatment with combined oral contraceptive steroids abolished a midcycle surge of LH and decreased ovarian steroids during the menstrual cycle of lactating women. Serum prolactin levels were also decreased throughout the cycle treated with contraceptives in lactating women.
We describe our experiments on a real-time system design, focusing on design alternatives such as scheduling jitter, sensor-to-output latency, intertask communication schemes and the system ...utilization. The prime objective of these experiments was to evaluate a real-time design produced using the period calibration method (Gerber et al., 1995) and thus identify the limitations of the method. We chose a computerized numerical control (CNC) machine as our target real-time system and built a realistic controller and a plant simulator. Our results were extracted from a controlled series of more than a hundred test controllers obtained by varying four test variables. This study unveils many interesting facts: average sensor-to-output latency is one of the most dominating factors in determining control quality; the effect of scheduling jitter appears only when the average sensor-to-output latency is sufficiently small; and loop processing periods are another dominating factor of performance. Based on these results, we propose a new communication scheme and a new objective function for the period calibration method.
A conditional fuzzy c-means (CFCM)-based fuzzy adaptive neuro-fuzzy system (ANFS) by on-line learning is proposed in this paper. In the structure identification, the optimal or near optimal number of ...fuzzy rules is determined by a CFCM clustering with TSK-type fuzzy rules based on the criterion. In the parameter identification. The consequent parameters are tuned by least squares estimator (LSE) and the premise parameters are tuned by back-propagation algorithm in off-line learning. Then on-line learning by recursive least squares estimator (RLSE) and back-propagation algorithm is used to cope with time varying plant dynamics. Finally, we show its capability for a CFCM-based on-line ANFS to control the temperature of a water path.
Two design techniques are presented to improve the yield of high density DRAM product. One is bit line coupling (BLC) scheme and the other is electrical fuse (E-Fuse) circuit for reliable field ...programmable repair scheme. We obtain an improvement of 100 ms for the data retention time (tREF) using the BLC scheme. BLC scheme also improves the low VCC margin by 0.3 V and the RAS to CAS delay time (tRCD) by 1.5 ns. Differential current evaluation for the E-fuse implementation shows polysilicon fuse fail rate <10/sup -12/.
The microstructure of electroplated Cu is highly dependent on the characteristics of underlying barrier and seed layers. A smooth and strongly textured Cu seed layer is needed to promote the ...development of highly textured, large grains in the electroplated Cu film, even in damascene structures. This microstructure is desired for extended reliability.
A high filler loading technique was evaluated using the simplified packing model proposed by Ouchiyama and Tanaka (Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., vol. 23, p. 490, 1984; ibid., vol. 25, p. 125, 1986) and ...its effect on the reliability of epoxy molding compound (EMC) was investigated. Maximum packing fraction, /spl phi//sub m/, with the mixing ratio for ternary spherical filler systems was calculated, and it was found that the effect of macropores, which could exist in systems with more than 3 components of different filler size, should be considered in the calculation of /spl phi//sub m/ in a given filler system. Based on the calculations, very low minimum melt viscosity of about 200 poise could be obtained in EMC filled with 85 vol.% of silica. As the amount of filler in EMC was increased, several properties such as coefficient of thermal expansion, moisture absorption and strength were improved. However, the adhesive strength to an alloy 42 leadframe decreased with increasing filler content. Adhesive strength was more rapidly decreased with moisture absorption. From analysis of the interface between EMC and leadframe with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the principal adhesive mechanism was thought to be the hydrogen bond and thus the decrease in adhesion was attributed to hydrogen bond failure due to absorbed water. The higher adhesive strength of low level silica-filled EMC could be explained by the low viscosity and the short intermolecular spacing with the leadframe.
This paper presents a frequency domain identification method for the rational transfer function using TLS (total least squares) approach. The proposed method identifies the coefficients of rational ...polynomial transfer function for continuous time system, after rearranging the two-dimensional input matrices and output vectors obtained from the observed frequency responses.
The type 1 restriction and modification genes of Escherichia coli can be transferred to other non-modified strains by conjugation without killing the recipient, implying that the restriction function ...must be regulated. In this study, two isogenic F' plasmids (r(K)(+) and r(K)(-)) served as donors in quantitative conjugation experiments with various restriction-deficient strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Conjugation studies with hsd::lacZ operon fusions in F' plasmids indicate that both of the hsd(K) promoters, Pres and Pmod, express simultaneously following conjugative transfer. Thus these genes do not appear to be regulated at the transcriptional level. A spontaneous mutant of E. coli C was discovered that is presumably killed upon conjugative transfer of the hsd(K) genes (defined as a Crc(-) phenotype). The gene that is defective in the mutant was tentatively designated hsdC (control). Hfr gene replacement studies led to the localization of the putative hsdC gene between 6 and 16 min on the E. coli genetic map.
This paper represents a new method of recognizing speech using the metric defined by integra-normalizer (IN). A neuro-fuzzy method is also demonstrated as a comparison to the proposed method. A ...codebook is constructed with a set of feature vectors extracted from the raw speech data. There are various schemes for measuring the distance between a set of information. In this paper, the distance between feature vectors is obtained by using the new metric defined by IN. The metric by IN possesses an advantage to the conventional metrics such as the metric defined by the least square error in L/sup 2/ or in l/sup 2/ spaces. With the approach proposed, the information on the patterns of the speech features is mapped to the feature vectors and the metric measures the difference between speech patterns considering the shape of patterns. The results of the computer simulation are shown for the validity of this proposed method.
When metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) device is exposed to radiation, the resultant effects can cause the modulation and/or degradation in device characteristics and its operating life. In this paper, ...the irradiation effects on MOS structure were investigated by the measurements of C-V, D-V, and I-V characteristics. From the experimental results, it is confirmed that the peak of dissipation factor is due to the interaction between majority carriers and interface states which induced by radiation. We also found that the measurements of dissipation factor could be very useful method as the evaluation tool of irradiation effects in MOS structure. The I-V characteristics could be explained by traps in the oxide created by radiation, and charges trapped at interface of Si-SiO/sub 2/.< >
