The Heisenberg limit to laser coherence C-the number of photons in the maximally populated mode of the laser beam-is the fourth power of the number of excitations inside the laser. We generalize the ...previous proof of this upper bound scaling by dropping the requirement that the beam photon statistics be Poissonian (i.e., Mandel's Q=0). We then show that the relation between C and sub-Poissonianity (Q<0) is win-win, not a tradeoff. For both regular (non-Markovian) pumping with semiunitary gain (which allows Q→-1), and random (Markovian) pumping with optimized gain, C is maximized when Q is minimized.
Evasion of immune surveillance and suppression of the immune system are important hallmarks of tumour development in colon cancer. The goal of this study was to establish a tumour profile based on ...biomarkers that reflect a tumour's immune susceptibility status and to determine their relation to patient outcome.
The study population consisted of 285 stage I-IV colon cancer patients of which a tissue micro array (TMA) was available. Sections were immunohistochemically stained for the presence of Foxp3+ cells and tumour expression of HLA Class I (HLA-A, -B, -C) and non-classical HLA-E and HLA-G. All markers were combined for further analyses, resulting in three tumour immune phenotypes: strong immune system tumour recognition, intermediate immune system tumour recognition and poor immune system tumour recognition.
Loss of HLA class I expression was significantly related to a better OS (P-value 0.005) and DFS (P-value 0.008). Patients with tumours who showed neither HLA class I nor HLA-E or -G expression (phenotype a) had a significant better OS and DFS (P-value <0.001 and 0.001, respectively) compared with phenotype b (OS HR: 4.7, 95% CI: 1.2-19.0, P=0.001) or c (OS HR: 8.2, 95% CI: 2.0-34.2, P=0.0001). Further, the tumour immune phenotype was an independent predictor for OS and DFS (P-value 0.009 and 0.013, respectively).
Tumours showing absence of HLA class I, HLA-E and HLA-G expressions were related to a better OS and DFS. By combining the expression status of several immune-related biomarkers, three tumour immune phenotypes were created that related to patient outcome. These immune phenotypes represented significant, independent, clinical prognostic profiles in colon cancer.
This study aimed to investigate the ability of
Pleurotus eryngii
fungus to absorb lead and cadmium from industrial wastewater. After culturing the fungus on a potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium ...containing 0 (control), 150 mg L
−1
, 250 mg L
−1
, and 350 mg L
−1
concentrations of lead and cademium for 30 days, the mycelia were isolated from the culture medium and their extracts were used to measure protein content and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Also, heavy metal contents were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry using flame photometry. Results showed that the growth of mycelia was significantly affected by different concentrations of the two heavy metals. High tolerance of heavy metal pollution in the culture media and the ability to accumulate lead and cademium confirmed that
Pleurotus eryngii
is a favorable option for mycoremediation. Also, molecular studies for fungal sequencing were investigated using the trench method, the sequence of the fungus was recorded in the gene bank, and finally the fungus was identified in the study.
Key points
Mycoremediation is a fast and low-cost heavy metal removal solutiok
The proposed process does not add any harmful substances to the environment after cleaning.
Undoped and transition metal (TM)-doped ZnO nanoparticles (Zn
0.98
X
0.02
O-NPs, X = Mn, Cr, Co and Fe) were synthesized from a metal nitrate precursor and gelatin by a sol–gel method. The compounds ...were synthesized at calcination temperatures of 550
∘
C for 6 h. The synthesized undoped/doped ZnO-NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD results indicated that the sample products were crystalline with a hexagonal wurtzite phase. SEM images showed the ZnO-NPs nearly spherical shapes and a non-uniform shape for doped ZnO-NPs. The crystalline development in the ZnO-NPs was investigated by X-ray peak broadening. The size–strain plot (SSP) method was used to study the individual contributions of crystallite sizes and lattice strain of the undoped and doped ZnO-NPs. The obtained results showed that strain of the NPs plays an important role in peak broadening; moreover, the mean crystalline size of the undoped and doped ZnO-NPs estimated from the SEM and the SSP method was highly inter-correlated. Finally, optical properties of the samples were studied by a UV–Vis spectrometer.
We present new numerical tools to analyze symmetry-broken phases in the context of SU(2)-symmetric translation-invariant matrix product states (MPS) and density-matrix renormalization-group (DMRG) ...methods for infinite cylinders, and determine the phase diagram of the geometrically frustrated triangular Heisenberg model with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor (NN and NNN) interactions. The appearance of Nambu-Goldstone modes in the excitation spectrum is characterized by “tower of states” levels in the momentum-resolved entanglement spectrum. Symmetry-breaking phase transitions are detected by a combination of the correlation lengths and second and fourth cumulants of the magnetic order parameters (which we call the Binder ratio), even though symmetry implies that the order parameter itself is strictly zero. Using this approach, we have identified a 120∘ order, a columnar order, and an algebraic spin liquid (specific to width-6 systems), alongside the previously studied topological spin liquid phase. For the latter, we also demonstrate robustness against chiral perturbations.
As a multifunctional signaling molecule, melatonin (ML) is widely considered to induce the defense mechanism and increase the accumulation of secondary metabolites under abiotic stresses. Here, the ...effects of different concentrations of ML (100 and 200 µM) on the biochemical and molecular responses of
L. in hydroponic conditions under 200 mM NaCl treatment were evaluated. The results showed that NaCl treatment impaired photosynthetic function and reduced plant growth by decreasing photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange parameters. NaCl stress also induced oxidative stress and membrane lipid damage, disrupting Na
/K
homeostasis and increasing hydrogen peroxide levels. NaCl toxicity decreased nitrogen (N) assimilation activity in leaves by reducing the activity of enzymes associated with N metabolism. However, adding ML to NaCl-stressed plants improved gas exchange parameters and increased photosynthesis efficiency, resulting in improved plant growth. By enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reducing hydrogen peroxide levels, ML ameliorated NaCl-induced oxidative stress. By improving N metabolism and restoring Na
/K
homeostasis in NaCl-stressed plants, ML improved N uptake and plant adaptation to salinity. ML increased the expression of genes responsible for the biosynthesis of withanolides (
,
,
,
,
, and
) and, as a result, increased the accumulation of withanolides A and withaferin A in leaves under NaCl stress. Overall, our results indicate the potential of ML to improve plant adaptation under NaCl stress through fundamental changes in plant metabolism.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1134/S1021443723600125.
As a multifunctional signaling molecule, melatonin (ML) is widely considered to induce the defense mechanism and increase the accumulation of secondary metabolites under abiotic stresses. Here, the ...effects of different concentrations of ML (100 and 200 µM) on the biochemical and molecular responses of
Withania
coagulans
L. in hydroponic conditions under 200 mM NaCl treatment were evaluated. The results showed that NaCl treatment impaired photosynthetic function and reduced plant growth by decreasing photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange parameters. NaCl stress also induced oxidative stress and membrane lipid damage, disrupting Na
+
/K
+
homeostasis and increasing hydrogen peroxide levels. NaCl toxicity decreased nitrogen (N) assimilation activity in leaves by reducing the activity of enzymes associated with N metabolism. However, adding ML to NaCl-stressed plants improved gas exchange parameters and increased photosynthesis efficiency, resulting in improved plant growth. By enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reducing hydrogen peroxide levels, ML ameliorated NaCl-induced oxidative stress. By improving N metabolism and restoring Na
+
/K
+
homeostasis in NaCl-stressed plants, ML improved N uptake and plant adaptation to salinity. ML increased the expression of genes responsible for the biosynthesis of withanolides (
FPPS
,
SQS
,
HMGR
,
DXS
,
DXR
, and
CYP51G1
) and, as a result, increased the accumulation of withanolides A and withaferin A in leaves under NaCl stress. Overall, our results indicate the potential of ML to improve plant adaptation under NaCl stress through fundamental changes in plant metabolism.
Engineered nanoparticles can alter the metabolism pathways and the profiling of metabolites in plants. In this study, we prepared the β-cyclodextrin nanoparticles (β-CDNPs) and characterized the ...physical and chemical structure of nanoparticles by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential. Then, we provided the different concentrations of β‑CDNPs, including 0, 10, 50, 100 mg/L to treat the aerial parts of basil) Ocimum basilicum c.v. Keshkeni luvelou (and evaluated the profiling of essential oils by GC-MS analysis responding to β-CDNPs. The concentration of volatile compounds in the aerial parts of basil was significantly different when exposed to β‑CDNPs compared to the control. Our findings indicated that the concentration of 50 ppm β-CDNPS led to a significant increase of monoterpenes (13.77%) and sesquiterpenes (0.67%) when compared to the control. Furthermore, we investigated the expression of four key genes involved in the biosynthesis pathway of terpenoids under the different concentrations of β-CDNPs. Compared to control, the expression of linalool synthase, geraniol synthase, myrcene synthase, and cadinene synthase significantly increased in 50 ppm β-CDNPs, although the expression pattern of genes changed in a concentration-dependent manner. The nanoparticles accumulate biologically active compounds which increase plant resistance. Inducer elicitor type and effective concentration, in addition to genomics, affected the essence of Ocimum basilicum grown in this study and has caused in some concentrations more essence is produced with the expression of relevant gene in addition to increasing essence amount due to confinement in β-cyclodextrin nanoparticles. Therefore, β-CDNPS can be applied as an elicitor to induce essential oils in basil and increase the content of volatiles compounds for food and drug consumption.
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