ABSTRACT
Characterization of very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) performance is of significant issue for ensuring long‐term durability and reliability of machinery and structural components due to the ...growing industrial demands and significant requirements of the advanced systems. In this study, VHCF characteristics of nanocrystallized skins (nanoskin) on JIS SCM435 (AISI 4137) steels were investigated as three different nanoskins on the surface, which was fabricated by altering the static load of ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) treatment. The fatigue characterization, which shows linearly proportional correlation in the range of 80–120 µm depth of subsurface, was subjected to severe plastic deformation by altering the static loads of UNSM treatment to 40, 70 and 100 N, respectively. The fatigue strength increased up to 30% in the regime of VHCF. The improved strength mainly resulted from the generation of nanocrystalline structure, the enhanced surface uniformity, hardness and residual stress.
Because we found significant differences in the levels of CLC and IL-17A between control and CRSsNP in ET and not in IT or UT (Fig 1; see Fig E2 in this article's Online Repository at ...www.jacionline.org), we focused our further analysis on ET. ...whether our results are applicable to the general population, or only tertiary care populations in the United States, would require further multiinstitutional studies.\n The minimal detection limit for this kit is 0.125 ng/mL.
In this paper, the prediction skills of five ensemble methods for temperature and precipitation are discussed by considering 20 yr of simulation results (from 1989 to 2008) for four regional climate ...models (RCMs) driven by NCEP–Department of Energy and ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) boundary conditions. The simulation domain is the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) for East Asia, and the number of grid points is 197 × 233 with a 50-km horizontal resolution. Three new performance-based ensemble averaging (PEA) methods are developed in this study using 1) bias, root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) and absolute correlation (PEA_BRC), RMSE and absolute correlation (PEA_RAC), and RMSE and original correlation (PEA_ROC). The other two ensemble methods are equal-weighted averaging (EWA) and multivariate linear regression (Mul_Reg). To derive the weighting coefficients and cross validate the prediction skills of the five ensemble methods, the authors considered 15-yr and 5-yr data, respectively, from the 20-yr simulation data. Among the five ensemble methods, the Mul_Reg (EWA) method shows the best (worst) skill during the training period. The PEA_RAC and PEA_ROC methods show skills that are similar to those of Mul_Reg during the training period. However, the skills and stabilities of Mul_Reg were drastically reduced when this method was applied to the prediction period. But, the skills and stabilities of PEA_RAC were only slightly reduced in this case. As a result, PEA_RAC shows the best skill, irrespective of the seasons and variables, during the prediction period. This result confirms that the new ensemble method developed in this study, PEA_RAC, can be used for the prediction of regional climate.
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Through-silicon via (TSV) has been used for 3-dimentional integrated circuits. Mechanical stresses in Cu and Si around the TSV were measured using synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction. ...The hydrostatic stress in Cu TSV went from high tensile of 234MPa in the as-fabricated state, to −196MPa (compressive) during thermal annealing (in situ measurement), to 167MPa in the post-annealed state. Due to this stress, the keep-away distance in Si was determined to be about 17μm. Our results suggest that Cu stress may lead to reliability as well as integration issues, while Si stress may lead to device performance concerns.
Summary
Bone mineral density (BMD) is significantly decreased after gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer. Calcium malabsorption, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and dominant bone resorption ...appear to contribute to bone loss in these patients. Patients should undergo early surveillance and nutritional or pharmacologic intensive interventions for bone health.
Purpose
Survivorship care, including bone health, has become an important issue in gastric cancer. We performed a meta-analysis of the available observational studies to determine whether and how osteoporosis risk is increased after gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer.
Methods
A total of 1204 patients (802 men) from 19 cohort studies were included. We evaluated the prevalence of osteoporosis in postgastrectomy patients, comparing the incidence according to the type of gastrectomy and sex. Additionally, we evaluated changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism-related markers pre- to postoperatively and between patients who underwent gastrectomy and matched controls. Proportion meta-analysis was performed and pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated.
Results
The pooled incidence estimate was 36% 95% confidence interval (CI), 32–40. The incidence of osteoporosis was significantly higher in women than in men (OR = 1.90,
p
< 0.001) but was similar between partial and total gastrectomy groups (OR = 0.983,
p
= 0.939). BMD was significantly decreased, and calcium, phosphorous, and parathyroid hormone levels were significantly increased in patients after gastrectomy compared to those before gastrectomy. BMD and calcium and 25OH-vitamin D levels were significantly decreased, and parathyroid hormone and 1,25OH-vitamin D levels were significantly increased in the gastrectomy group compared to that in the control group.
Conclusion
We found that BMD is significantly decreased after gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer. Vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism are suggested to be common mechanism underlying BMD impairment. After resection, patients should undergo long-term nutritional and bone health surveillance, in addition to their oncological follow-up.
To determine the protective effects of memantine on cognitive function in patients receiving whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT).
Adult patients with brain metastases received WBRT and were randomized to ...receive placebo or memantine (20 mg/d), within 3 days of initiating radiotherapy for 24 weeks. Serial standardized tests of cognitive function were performed.
Of 554 patients who were accrued, 508 were eligible. Grade 3 or 4 toxicities and study compliance were similar in the 2 arms. There was less decline in delayed recall in the memantine arm at 24 weeks (P = .059), but the difference was not statistically significant, possibly because there were only 149 analyzable patients at 24 weeks, resulting in only 35% statistical power. The memantine arm had significantly longer time to cognitive decline (hazard ratio 0.78, 95% confidence interval 0.62-0.99, P = .01); the probability of cognitive function failure at 24 weeks was 53.8% in the memantine arm and 64.9% in the placebo arm. Superior results were seen in the memantine arm for executive function at 8 (P = .008) and 16 weeks (P = .0041) and for processing speed (P = .0137) and delayed recognition (P = .0149) at 24 weeks.
Memantine was well tolerated and had a toxicity profile very similar to placebo. Although there was less decline in the primary endpoint of delayed recall at 24 weeks, this lacked statistical significance possibly due to significant patient loss. Overall, patients treated with memantine had better cognitive function over time; specifically, memantine delayed time to cognitive decline and reduced the rate of decline in memory, executive function, and processing speed in patients receiving WBRT. RTOG 0614, ClinicalTrials.gov number CT00566852.
While major mergers have long been proposed as a driver of both active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity and the relation, studies of moderate to high-redshift Seyfert-luminosity AGN hosts have found ...little evidence for enhanced rates of interactions. However, both theory and observation suggest that while these AGNs may be fueled by stochastic accretion and secular processes, high-luminosity, high-redshift, and heavily obscured AGNs are the AGNs most likely to be merger-driven. To better sample this population of AGNs, we turn to infrared selection in the CANDELS/COSMOS field. Compared to their lower-luminosity and less obscured X-ray-only counterparts, IR-only AGNs (luminous, heavily obscured AGNs) are more likely to be classified as either irregular ( versus ) or asymmetric ( versus ) and are less likely to have a spheroidal component ( versus ). Furthermore, IR-only AGNs are also significantly more likely than X-ray-only AGNs ( versus ) to be classified either as interacting or merging in a way that significantly disturbs the host galaxy or as disturbed, though not clearly interacting or merging, which potentially represents the late stages of a major merger. This suggests that while major mergers may not contribute significantly to the fueling of Seyfert-luminosity AGNs, interactions appear to play a more dominant role in the triggering and fueling of high-luminosity heavily obscured AGNs.
ABSTRACT
A series of axial tensile fatigue tests (R = 0.1) was carried out to investigate the initiation and the growth behaviours of very small surface fatigue cracks under two different surface ...conditions (viz. smooth and pitted surfaces) of AISI 304 stainless steel at room temperature. This paper deals with both of the two approaches regarding the analysis of fatigue: the approach based on the concept of fracture mechanics and low cycle fatigue. In particular, both the initiation and growth of cracks and the coalescence of small cracks by fatigue in the specimen have been investigated by the methods of surface replicas and photomicrographs. Quantitative information such as the initiation period, growth and coalescence behaviours of small cracks, and crack growth properties were systematically obtained. The results show that the accurate determination of these parameters is critical for the application of fracture mechanics to fatigue life assessment.
Texture Evolution in Mg-Zn-Ca Alloy Sheets Kim, D.-W.; Suh, B.-C.; Shim, M.-S. ...
Metallurgical and materials transactions. A, Physical metallurgy and materials science,
07/2013, Letnik:
44, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Ca was added to Mg-1Zn and Mg-6Zn alloys to modify their texture, and the origin of texture modification by Ca addition has been investigated. It shows that Mg-1Zn-1Ca (ZX11) and Mg-6Zn-1Ca (ZX61) ...alloy sheets in the as-rolled condition show the textures having a splitting of basal poles toward the rolling direction and a splitting of basal poles toward the transverse direction, respectively. An analysis of the microstructure in the as-rolled condition shows that two different types of twins become active during rolling, double twins for ZX11 and tension twins for ZX61, suggesting that double twinning and tension twinning promote a splitting of basal poles toward the rolling direction (ZX11) and transverse direction (ZX61), respectively. On the other hand, after annealing, both alloy sheets show a weakened texture characterized by a splitting of basal poles toward the transverse direction. During annealing, the growth of tension twin-oriented grains occurs, resulting in the texture having a splitting of basal poles toward the transverse direction in both alloys. These alloys show not only higher yield strength but also better stretch formability than Al 5052 alloy, showing their potential as highly formable Mg sheet alloys.
ABSTRACT We present the catalog of optical and infrared counterparts of the Chandra COSMOS-Legacy Survey, a 4.6 Ms Chandra program on the 2.2 deg2 of the COSMOS field, combination of 56 new ...overlapping observations obtained in Cycle 14 with the previous C-COSMOS survey. In this Paper we report the i, K, and 3.6 m identifications of the 2273 X-ray point sources detected in the new Cycle 14 observations. We use the likelihood ratio technique to derive the association of optical/infrared (IR) counterparts for 97% of the X-ray sources. We also update the information for the 1743 sources detected in C-COSMOS, using new K and 3.6 m information not available when the C-COSMOS analysis was performed. The final catalog contains 4016 X-ray sources, 97% of which have an optical/IR counterpart and a photometric redshift, while 54% of the sources have a spectroscopic redshift. The full catalog, including spectroscopic and photometric redshifts and optical and X-ray properties described here in detail, is available online. We study several X-ray to optical (X/O) properties: with our large statistics we put better constraints on the X/O flux ratio locus, finding a shift toward faint optical magnitudes in both soft and hard X-ray band. We confirm the existence of a correlation between X/O and the the 2-10 keV luminosity for Type 2 sources. We extend to low luminosities the analysis of the correlation between the fraction of obscured AGNs and the hard band luminosity, finding a different behavior between the optically and X-ray classified obscured fraction.
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