The aim of this study was to determine whether the dynamic motor stereotype of movement (shooting technique) is violated under conditions of an increased lactate concentration in a player’s blood ...after a 30–15 intermittent fitness test. The hypotheses was that there would be statistically significant differences in ball speed and shooting accuracy in jump shots on the goal before and after the occurrence of fatigue in the player. The sample of respondents consisted of 10 top-level handball players of the highest competition rank in Croatia. The results showed significant differences before and after the fatigue protocol in the run-up speed (F = 5.66; p = 0.02), in the maximum speed of the forearm (F = 5.85; p = 0.02) and the hand (F = 4.01; p = 0.04), in the speed in the shoulder joint (F = 5.39; p = 0.02) and wrist joint (F = 4.06; p = 0.04), and in the ball shooting speed (F = 5.42; p = 0.02). The accuracy of the shot was, on average, lower (36.20 vs. 33.17 cm) but not significantly so. High blood lactate levels affect changes in certain kinematic parameters during the performance of a jump shot in handball. Consequently, this reduces the speed of the shot, which can affect situational performance as one of the two significant parameters of scoring success.
The aim of our research was to determine differences in the anthropological profile of best Croatian basketball referees with regard to their chronological age. The study included 31 referees from ...the A referee list in the competitive season 2008/2009. In order to determine the statistical differences they were divided into two age groups; young (n = 16) including referees age 26-32 and older group (n = 15) including referees aged 33-46. Participants were tested on different variables for the assessment of motor and functional abilities and morphological characteristics. Also, in this research were included two variables called Quality of officiating and Experience. Data analysis was performed using the software package STATISTICA for Windows, 8th version. For each variable basic descriptive statistical parameter was calculated. Analysis of statistical differences in the anthro-pological profile with regard to the chronological age of basketball referees was performed using t-test for independent samples. According to our results basketball referees differ only in the vari-ables for the assessment of motor abilities, while there were no statistically significant differences in the tested morphological characteristics and functional abilities regarding referees' age. To conclude, investigated basketball referees were all well physically prepared, meeting high standards of physical conditioning-motor preparation needed for the basketball games of the highest national level.
Glavni cilj u ovom istraživanju bio je utvrditi razlike u antropološkom profilu među najboljim hrvatskim košarkaškim sudijama s obzirom na njihovu starosnu dob. Uzorak ispitanika sastojao se od ...trideset jednog sudije koji su se nalazili na A listi sudija u takmičarskoj sezoni 2008/2009. Za potrebe utvrđivanja statističkih razlika, uzorak ispitanika podijeljen je na dva poduzorka. Jedan poduzorak ispi-tanika (n = 16) činile su "mlađe" košarkaške sudije, starosne dobi od 26. do 32. godine, a drugi podu-zorak ispitanika (n = 15) činile su "starije" košarkaške sudije, starosne dobi od 33. do 46. godine. Uzorak varijabli bio je sastavljen od morfoloških karakteristika, te testova za procjenu motoričkih i funkcio-nalnih sposobnosti. Također, u istraživanje su uključene i dvije varijable pod nazivom Kvalitet suđenja i Iskustvo. Obrada podataka izvršena je primjenom programskog paketa STATISTICA for Windows, ver 8. Za svaku varijablu izračunati su osnovni deskriptivni statistički parametri. Testiranje statističkih razlika u antropološkom profilu, s obzirom na starosnu dob košarkaških sudija, izvršeno je primjenom t-testa za nezavisne uzorke. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata, može se zaključiti da se košarkaške sudije, s obzirom na starosnu dob, razlikuju jedino u varijablama za procjenu motoričkih sposobnosti, dok ne postoje statistički značajne razlike u morfološkim karakteristikama i funkcionalnim sposobnos-tima. Ključno je konstatovati da su sve sudije koje su činile ovaj uzorak ispitanika, vrlo dobro fizički pripremljene, odnosno da su zadovoljile visoke kriterije kondicijsko-motoričke pripremljenosti koji su potrebni za suđenje košarkaških utakmica najvišeg nacionalnog ranga.
According to the European Commission, education, science, technology, research and innovation are a prerequisite for achieving a sustainable EU economy. EU leaders have agreed to work towards a ...European Education Area by 2025 to take full advantage of education, training, and culture (EU, 2019). Scientific literacy takes center stage in major reforms in education and is often presented as a key goal of science education. This is due to the idea that scientific literacy could be a prerequisite for the economic survival and technological development of the society, at least if judged by the research based on correlations between large-scale international testing results and country’s economic prosperity level (Hanushek & Woessmann, 2010). Chemical literacy presents a significant constituent part of scientific literacy, given that the use of various chemicals plays a vital role in our daily lives whether we are talking about food, medicine, clothing or climate change.
This research was aimed to analyse the current state in primary and secondary schools in the Republic of Serbia, regarding chemistry teachers? initial education and self-perceived competencies. As an ...instrument, a questionnaire of 20 questions was used, which was prepared in the form of a Google questionnaire. The questions were divided into five groups to examine data on the structure of chemistry teachers (gender, age, place and school where they teach), the level of education obtained and the method of acquisition and acquired competencies, and finally the personal opinion of chemistry teachers about the teaching profession, advantages, disadvantages and possible recommendations to his/her students in terms of choosing this profession as a possible career. The questionnaire was sent to 1537 schools and 497 chemistry teachers took part in the questionnaire. The results showed that chemistry teachers are predominantly women, mostly aged 36?55, full-time employed and with an average working experience of over 11 years. Most teachers have appropriate education and acquired competencies. They cite working with children as the biggest advantage of the teaching profession while as the biggest disadvantage, they report a constant increase in the amount of administration from year to year.
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